List of chiropterans

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Clockwise from top-right: Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus), Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis), greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis), greater short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx), greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) Wikipedia-Bats-001-v01.jpg
Clockwise from top-right: Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus), Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis), greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis), greater short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx), greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus)
Worldwide distribution of bat species Bat range.png
Worldwide distribution of bat species

Chiroptera is an order of flying placental mammals. Members of this order are called chiropterans, or bats. The order comprises 1318 extant species, which are grouped into 226 genera. The second largest order of mammals after rodents, bats comprise about 20% of all mammal species worldwide. The majority of bats live in South and Central America, Africa, and southern and Southeast Asia, but the order can be found in most of the world outside of Antarctica and the arctic. They live in a variety of habitats, particularly forests and caves but also grasslands, savannas, shrublands, wetlands, deserts, and rocky areas. With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of sustained flight. They range in length from Kitti's hog-nosed bat, at 2 cm (1 in), to the great flying fox, at 37 cm (15 in). Bat wings are relatively proportionate to their size, with the large flying fox having the largest overall wingspan, up to 1.7 m (5.6 ft). [1]

Contents

Chiroptera is divided into two suborders: Yangochiroptera and Yinpterochiroptera. The suborders are further subdivided into clades and families. Yangochiroptera contains fourteen families grouped into three superfamilies: Emballonuroidea, containing the sheath-tailed and slit-faced bats; Noctilionoidea, containing the smoky, mustached, short-tailed, sucker-footed, bulldog, leaf-nosed, and disk-winged bats; and Vespertilionoidea, consisting of the wing-gland, bent-winged, free-tailed, funnel-eared, and vesper bats. Yinpterochiroptera includes seven families grouped into two superfamilies: Pteropodoidea, consisting of the fruit bats, and Rhinolophoidea, containing the hog-nosed, Old World leaf-nosed, false vampire, horseshoe, trident, and mouse-tailed bats. [2] [3] The exact organization of the species is not fixed, with many recent proposals made based on molecular phylogenetic analysis. Nine species have been recorded as going extinct since 1500 CE.

Conventions

The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the collective range of species in that genera is provided. Ranges are based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species unless otherwise noted. All extinct genera or species listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "".

Classification

The order Chiroptera consists of 1318 extant species belonging to 226 genera. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Modern molecular studies indicate that the 226 genera can be grouped into 21 families; these families are divided between two named suborders and are grouped in those suborders into named clades, and some of these families are subdivided into named subfamilies. An additional nine species have been recorded as going extinct since 1500 CE: three in the family Vespertilionidae, and six in the family Pteropodidae.

Suborder Yangochiroptera

Suborder Yinpterochiroptera

Chiroptera [4]

Chiropterans

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists. [2] [3]

Suborder Yangochiroptera

Superfamily Emballonuroidea

Family Emballonuridae

Members of the Emballonuridae family are called emballonurids, and include sheath-tailed bats, sac-winged bats, ghost bats, pouched bats, and tomb bats. They are all insectivorous and eat a variety of insects and spiders, and occasionally fruit. [5] Emballonuridae comprises 54 extant species, divided into 14 genera. These genera are grouped into two subfamilies: Emballonurinae, containing sheath-tailed, sac-winged, ghost, and other bat species, and Taphozoinae, containing pouched and tomb bats.

Subfamily Emballonurinae Gervais, 1856 – twelve genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Balantiopteryx
(sac-winged bat)

Gray Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx plicata) (24776812271).jpg

Peters, 1867

Three species
Mexico, Central America, and northwestern South AmericaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (Ecuadorian sac-winged bat) to 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (gray sac-winged bat) [6]

Habitats: Caves, shrubland, and forest [7]
Centronycteris
(shaggy bat)

Centronycteris centralis 31737818.jpg

Gray, 1838

Two species
Mexico, Central America, and northern and eastern South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (Thomas's shaggy bat) to 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (shaggy bat) [6]

Habitat: Forest [8]
Coleura
(sheath-tailed bat)

Coleura afra 2021.jpg

Peters, 1867

Three species
AfricaSize range: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail (multiple) [6]

Habitats: Shrubland, forest, caves, savanna, inland wetlands, and desert [9]
Cormura

Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MAM.24346.b ven - Cormura brevirostris - skin.jpeg

Peters, 1867

One species
Central America and northern South America
Chestnut Sac-Winged Bat area.png
Size: 4–6 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail [6]

Habitat: Forest [10]
Cyttarops Thomas, 1913

One species
Central America and northern South America
Short-eared Bat area.png
Size: 4–6 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1–1 in) tail [6]

Habitat: Forest [11]
Diclidurus
(ghost bat)

P1070111-Northern-Ghost-Bat-(diclidurus-albus).jpg

Wied-Neuwied, 1820

Four species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (lesser ghost bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 8 cm (3 in) tail (northern ghost bat) [6]

Habitat: Forest [12]
Emballonura
(sheath-tailed bat)

Emballonura semicaudata, Ovalau Island - Joanne Malotaux (22057146275).jpg

Temminck, 1838

Southeastern AsiaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (Beccari's sheath-tailed bat) to 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (greater sheath-tailed bat) [6]

Habitats: Rocky areas, caves, and forest [13]
Mosia

Dark Sheath-tailed Bat imported from iNaturalist photo 451989042 on 2 December 2024.jpg

Gray, 1843

One species
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands
Mosia nigrescens distribution.png
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail [6]

Habitats: Forest, rocky areas, and caves [14]
Paremballonura
(false sheath-tailed bat)

Paremballonura atrata.jpg

Goodman, Puechmaille, Friedli-Weyeneth, Gerlach, Ruedi, Schoeman, Stanley, & Teeling, 2012

Two species
MadagascarSize range: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail (multiple) [6]

Habitats: Caves and forest [15]
Peropteryx
(dog-like bat)

Lesser Dog-like Bat imported from iNaturalist photo 129124225 on 2 December 2024.jpg

Peters, 1867

Five species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (lesser dog-like bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (greater dog-like bat) [6]

Habitats: Caves, shrubland, and forest [16]
Rhynchonycteris

Long-nosed proboscis bats.JPG

Peters, 1867

One species
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Proboscis Bat area.png
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail [6]

Habitats: Forest and caves [17]
Saccopteryx
(sac-winged bat)

Frosted Sac-winged Bat imported from iNaturalist photo 17543865 on 2 December 2024.jpg

Illiger, 1811

Five species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (Amazonian sac-winged bat) to 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (greater sac-winged bat) [6]

Habitats: Caves and forest [18]
Subfamily Taphozoinae Jerdon, 1867 – two genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Saccolaimus
(pouched bat)

Saccolaimus flaviventris Museum Victoria.jpg

Temminck, 1838

Four species
Southern and southeastern Asia, Australia, and western and central AfricaSize range: 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Papuan sheath-tailed bat) to 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (Pel's pouched bat) [6]

Habitats: Savanna, caves, shrubland, and forest [19]
Taphozous
(tomb bat)

Taphozous australis.jpg

Geoffroy, 1818

Fourteen species
Southern and southeastern Asia, Australia, and AfricaSize range: 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (black-bearded tomb bat) to 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (naked-rumped tomb bat) [6]

Habitats: Shrubland, forest, grassland, coastal marine, rocky areas, savanna, caves, inland wetlands, and desert (some species unknown) [20]
Family Nycteridae

Members of the Nycteridae family are called nycterids, or colloquially slit-faced bats. Nycteridae comprises 16 extant species in a single genus. They are all insectivorous, though the large slit-faced bat also regularly eats fish, frogs, birds, and bats. [21]

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Nycteris
(slit-faced bat)

Hairy Slit-faced Bat, Ngamiland West, BW-NC, BW imported from iNaturalist photo 173192567.jpg

Geoffroy & Cuvier, 1795

Sixteen species
Africa, western Arabian Peninsula, and southeastern AsiaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (dwarf slit-faced bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 9 cm (4 in) tail (large slit-faced bat) [22]

Habitats: Shrubland, forest, grassland, rocky areas, savanna, caves, and desert [23]

Superfamily Noctilionoidea

Family Furipteridae

Members of the Furipteridae family are called furipterids, and include two extant species, each in their own genus. They are both insectivorous. [24]

Not assigned to a named subfamily – two genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Amorphochilus

Amorphochilus schnablii Wings.jpg

Peters, 1877

One species
Western South America
Smokey Bat area.png
Size range: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail [25]

Habitat: Forest [26]
Furipterus

Furipterus horrens 328727700.jpg

Bonaparte, 1837

One species
Central America and South America
Thumbless Bat area.png
Size range: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail [25]

Habitats: Forest and caves [27]
Family Mormoopidae

Members of the Mormoopidae family are called mormoopids, and include ghost-faced bats, naked-backed bats, and mustached bats. Mormoopidae comprises eleven extant species, divided into two genera. They are all insectivorous. [28]

Not assigned to a named subfamily – two genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Mormoops
(ghost-faced bat)

Mormoops blainvillei in Haiti.jpg

Leach, 1821

Two species
Southern North America, Central America, and northern South AmericaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Antillean ghost-faced bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (ghost-faced bat) [29]

Habitats: Caves and forest [30]
Pteronotus
(mustached bat)

Wagner's Mustached Bat (Pteronotus personatus) (38053341645).jpg

Gray, 1838

Nine species
Mexico, Caribbean, Central America, and northern and central South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Macleay's mustached bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Mesoamerican common mustached bat) [29]

Habitats: Savanna, caves, and forest [31]
Family Mystacinidae

Members of the Mystacinidae family are called mystacinids, or colloquially New Zealand short-tailed bats, and include two extant species in a single genus. They are both omnivorous, eating insects, fruit, carrion, pollen, and nectar. [32]

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Mystacina
(New Zealand short-tailed bat)

Mystacina tuberculata.jpg

Gray, 1843

Two species
New Zealand
Mystacina tuberculata distribution.svg
Size range: 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5 cm (0.2 in) tail (New Zealand lesser short-tailed bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (New Zealand greater short-tailed bat) [33]

Habitat: Forest [34]
Family Myzopodidae

Members of the Myzopodidae family are called myzopodids, or colloquially sucker-footed bats, and include two extant species in a single genus. They are both insectivorous. [35]

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Myzopoda
(sucker-footed bat)

Myzopoda aurita 13060431.jpg

Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier, 1878

Two species
Madagascar Size range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (western sucker-footed bat) to 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail (Madagascar sucker-footed bat) [36]

Habitats: Forest, inland wetlands, and caves [37]
Family Noctilionidae

Members of the Noctilionidae family are called noctilionids, or colloquially bulldog bats, and include two extant species in a single genus. They are both insectivorous, but the greater bulldog bat primarily eats fish. [38]

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Noctilio
(bulldog bat)

Noctilio albiventris.jpg

Linnaeus, 1766

Two species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (lesser bulldog bat) to 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (greater bulldog bat) [39]

Habitats: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and caves [40]
Family Phyllostomidae

Members of the Phyllostomidae family are called phyllostomids, or colloquially leaf-nosed bats, and include vampire bats, long-tongued bats, big-eared bats, broad-nosed bats, and yellow-shouldered bats. They primarily eat a variety of insects, fruit, nectar, and pollen, though a few will also eat birds, bats, and small mammals, and the three vampire bat species of the subfamily Desmodontinae solely consume blood. [41] Phyllostomidae comprises 203 extant species, divided into 60 genera. These genera are grouped into eleven subfamilies: Carolliinae, Desmodontinae, Glossophaginae, Glyphonycterinae, Lonchophyllinae, Lonchorhininae, Macrotinae, Micronycterinae, Phyllostominae, Rhinophyllinae, and Stenodermatinae.

Subfamily Carolliinae Miller, 1924 – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Carollia
(short-tailed bat)

Carollia brevicauda.jpg

Gray, 1838

Eight species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5 cm (0.2 in) tail (chestnut short-tailed bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (gray short-tailed bat) [42]

Habitats: Caves, savanna, and forest (some species unknown) [43]
Subfamily Desmodontinae Wagner, 1840 – three genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Desmodus

Desmo-Flug-01.jpg

Wied-Neuwied, 1826

One species
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Desmodus rotundus map.svg
Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, with no tail [42]

Habitats: Rocky areas and caves [44]
Diaemus

Dyoungi.jpg

Miller, 1906

One species
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America
Diaemus youngi map.svg
Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail [42]

Habitats: Forest and caves [45]
Diphylla

Hairy-legged vampire bat, Diphylla ecaudata (closeup).jpg

Spix, 1823

One species
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America
Diphylla ecaudata map.svg
Size: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, with no tail [42]

Habitats: Forest, grassland, and caves [46]
Subfamily Glossophaginae Bonaparte, 1845 – sixteen genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Anoura
(tailless bat)

Intro wide polls intro vertebrate species 3.jpg

Gray, 1838

Nine species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5 cm (0.2 in) tail (tailed tailless bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, with no tail (Tschudi's tailless bat) [42]

Habitats: Caves, shrubland, and forest [47]
Brachyphylla
(fruit-eating bat)

Antillean Fruit-eating Bat imported from iNaturalist photo 409530692 on 28 January 2025.jpg

Gray, 1834

Two species
CaribbeanSize range: 7 cm (3 in) long, with no tail (Cuban fruit-eating bat) to 10 cm (4 in) long, with no tail (Antillean fruit-eating bat) [42]

Habitats: Caves and forest [48]
Choeroniscus
(long-tailed bat)
Thomas, 1928

Three species
Mexico, Central America, and northern South AmericaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5 cm (0.2 in) tail (Godman's long-tailed bat) to 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (greater long-tailed bat) [42]

Habitats: Inland wetlands and forest [49]
Choeronycteris

Choeronycteris mexicana, Mexican long-tongued bat (7371567444) 2.jpg

Tschudi, 1844

One species
Mexico, Central America, and southern United States
Choeronycteris mexicana map.png
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail [42]

Habitats: Forest, caves, and desert [50]
Dryadonycteris Nogueira, Lima, Peracchi, & Simmons, 2012

One species
Eastern Brazil
Distribution of Dryadonycteris capixaba.png
Size: 5–6 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 0–1 cm (0.0–0.4 in) tail [42]

Habitat: Forest [51]
Erophylla
(flower bat)

Buffy Flower Bat, The Bahamas imported from iNaturalist photo 41510517 crop.png

Miller, 1906

Two species
CaribbeanSize range: 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1 cm (0 in) tail (buffy flower bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (brown flower bat) [42]

Habitat: Caves [52]
Glossophaga
(long-tongued bat)

Glossophaga commissarisi.jpg

Geoffroy, 1818

Five species
Mexico, Central America, and Southern MexicoSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5 cm (0.2 in) tail (Commissaris's long-tongued bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Miller's long-tongued bat) [42]

Habitats: Caves, shrubland, savanna, and forest [53]
Hylonycteris

Hylonycteris underwoodii.jpg

Thomas, 1903

One species
Southern Mexico and Central America
Distribution of Hylonycteris underwoodi.png
Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 0–1 cm (0.0–0.4 in) tail [42]

Habitats: Forest and caves [54]
Leptonycteris
(long-nosed bat)

Southern long-nosed bat.jpg

Lydekker, 1891

Three species
Mexico, Central America, and northern South AmericaSize range: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail (multiple) [42]

Habitats: Desert, caves, and forest [55]
Lichonycteris
(little long-tongued bat)

Lichonycteris obscurus.jpg

Thomas, 1895

Two species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 4–6 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0–0 in) tail (multiple) [42]

Habitat: Forest [56]
Monophyllus
(single leaf bat)

MonophyllusRedmaniiFord.jpg

Leach, 1821

Two species
CaribbeanSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5 cm (0.2 in) tail (Leach's single leaf bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (insular single leaf bat) [42]

Habitat: Caves [57]
Musonycteris Schaldach & McLaughlin, 1960

One species
Southern Mexico
Distribution of Musonycteris harrisoni.png
Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail [42]

Habitats: Forest and caves [58]
Phyllonycteris
(flower bats)

Phyllonycteris aphylla 2.jpg

Gundlach, 1860

Two species
Caribbean and JamaicaSize range: 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 0.5 cm (0.2 in) tail (Jamaican flower bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Cuban flower bat) [42]

Habitats: Caves and forest [59]
Platalina

Platalina genovensium-JMaloMolina-Acos Peru-09 10 2010.jpg

Thomas, 1928

One species
Western South America
Platalina genovensium map.svg
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail [42]

Habitats: Savanna and caves [60]
Scleronycteris Thomas, 1912

One species
Northern South America
Scleronycteris ega map.svg
Size: 5–6 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail [42]

Habitat: Forest [61]
Xeronycteris Gregorin & Ditchfield, 2005

One species
Eastern South America
Distribution of Xeronycteris vieirai.png
Size: Unknown [42]

Habitats: Forest and savanna [62]
Subfamily Glyphonycterinae Baker, Cirranello, Solari, & Simmons, 2016 – three genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Glyphonycteris
(big-eared bat)

Glyphonycteris daviesi.jpg

Thomas, 1896

Three species
Central America and South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5 cm (0.2 in) tail (tricolored big-eared bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Davies's big-eared bat) [42]

Habitats: Savanna, caves, and forest [63]
Neonycteris Sanborn, 1949

One species
Northern South AmericaSize: Unknown [42]

Habitat: Forest [64]
Trinycteris

Trinycteris nicefori.jpg

Sanborn, 1949

One species
Central America and northern and eastern South America
Trinycteris nicefori map.svg
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail [42]

Habitat: Forest [65]
Subfamily Lonchophyllinae Griffiths, 1982 – two genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Lionycteris

Chestnut long-tongued bat imported from iNaturalist photo 165474909 on 12 January 2023.jpg

Thomas, 1913

One species
Central America and northern South America
Lionycteris spurrelli map.svg
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–1 cm (0.2–0.4 in) tail [42]

Habitats: Forest, savanna, and caves [66]
Lonchophylla
(nectar bat)

Lonchophylla robusta.jpg

Thomas, 1903

Fifteen species
Central America and South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 0.5 cm (0.2 in) tail (Dekeyser's nectar bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (Handley's nectar bat) [42]

Habitats: Savanna, caves, and forest [67]
Subfamily Lonchorhininae Gray, 1866 – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Lonchorhina
(sword-nosed bat)

Lonchorhina aurita (10.3897-subtbiol.28.31801) Figure 4.jpg

Tomes, 1863

Five species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (Orinoco sword-nosed bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 7 cm (3 in) tail (Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat) [42]

Habitats: Forest, grassland, rocky areas, savanna, and caves [68]
Subfamily Macrotinae Bussche, 1992 – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Macrotus
(leaf-nosed bat)

Macrotus californicus.jpg

Gray, 1843

Two species
Western United States, Mexico, Central America, and CaribbeanSize range: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail (multiple) [42]

Habitats: Caves, shrubland, and forest [69]
Subfamily Micronycterinae Bussche, 1992 – two genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Lampronycteris

Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MAM.24990.b ven - Lampronycteris brachyotis - skin.jpeg

Sanborn, 1949

One species
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Distribution of Lampronycteris brachyotis.png
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail [42]

Habitats: Forest and caves [70]
Micronycteris
(big-eared bat)

Micronycteris megalotis (Little big-eared bat) by Merlin Tuttle.jpg

Gray, 1866

Eleven species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (little big-eared bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (hairy big-eared bat) [42]

Habitats: Caves, savanna, and forest (some species unknown) [71]
Subfamily Phyllostominae Gray, 1825 – ten genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Chrotopterus

Chrotopterus auritus at Sachavacyoc.jpg

Peters, 1865

One species
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Chrotopterus auritus map.png
Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail [42]

Habitats: Forest and caves [72]
Gardnerycteris
(hairy-nosed bat)

Mimon crenulatum2.jpg

Hurtado & Pacheco, 2014

Two species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Koepcke's hairy-nosed bat) to 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (striped hairy-nosed bat) [42]

Habitats: Savanna and forest [73]
Lophostoma
(round-eared bat)

Lophostoma brasiliense (Marco Mello).jpg

d'Orbigny, 1836

Seven species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (Davis's round-eared bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (white-throated round-eared bat) [42]

Habitats: Savanna and forest [74]
Macrophyllum

Macrophyllum macrophyllum.png

Gray, 1838

One species
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Macrophyllum macrophyllum map.svg
Size: 4–6 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [42]

Habitat: Forest [75]
Mimon
(golden bat)

Mimon cozumelae 186286365.jpg

Gray, 1847

Two species
Northern and southeastern South America and Mexico, Central America, and northwestern South AmericaSize range: 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (golden bat) to 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Cozumelan golden bat) [42]

Habitats: Caves, savanna, and forest [76]
Phylloderma Peters, 1865

One species
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Phylloderma stenops map.svg
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail [42]

Habitats: Forest, savanna, and inland wetlands [77]
Phyllostomus
(spear-nosed bat)

Phyllostomus hastatus.jpg

Lacépède, 1799

Four species
South America, Northern South America, Mexico, Central America, and South America, and Central America and South AmericaSize range: 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (lesser spear-nosed bat) to 13 cm (5 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (greater spear-nosed bat) [42]

Habitats: Savanna, caves, and forest [78]
Tonatia
(round-eared bat)

Tonatia saurophila.jpg

Gray, 1827

Two species
Mexico, Central America, and South America and Eastern South AmericaSize range: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail (multiple) [42]

Habitat: Forest [79]
Trachops

Trachops cirrhosus.jpg

Gray, 1847

One species
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Distribution of Trachops cirrhosus.png
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail [42]

Habitats: Forest and caves [80]
Vampyrum

Spectral bat photo.jpg

Rafinesque, 1815

One species
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Vampyrum spectrum distribution (colored).png
Size: 12–16 cm (5–6 in) long, with no tail [42]

Habitat: Forest [81]
Subfamily Rhinophyllinae Baker, Cirranello, Solari, & Simmons, 2016 – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Rhinophylla
(little fruit bat)

Rhinophylla pumilio Brazil.jpg

Peters, 1865

Three species
Northern South AmericaSize range: 4–6 cm (2–2 in) long, with no tail (multiple) [42]

Habitat: Forest [82]
Subfamily Stenodermatinae Gervais, 1856 – 20 genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Ametrida

Ametrida centurio.jpeg

Gray, 1847

One species
Central America and northern South America
Ametrida centurio map.png
Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in) long, with no tail [42]

Habitat: Forest [83]
Ardops

Stenoderma luciae.jpg

Miller, 1906

One species
Caribbean
Ardops nichollsi maps.png
Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail [42]

Habitat: Forest [84]
Ariteus

Jamaican fig-eating bat imported from iNaturalist photo 176988156 on 14 February 2024.jpg

Gray, 1838

One species
Jamaica
Ariteus flavescens distribution (colored).png
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail [42]

Habitat: Forest [85]
Artibeus
(neotropical fruit bat)

Artibeus sp. Tortuguero National Park crop.jpg

Leach, 1821

Twelve species
Mexico, Caribbean, Central America, and northern South AmericaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (brown fruit-eating bat) to 11 cm (4 in) long (great fruit-eating bat) [42]

Habitats: Rocky areas, savanna, caves, and forest [86]
Centurio

Centurio senex.jpg

Gray, 1842

One species
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America
Centurio senex map.svg
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail [42]

Habitat: Forest [87]
Chiroderma
(big-eyed bat)

Chiroderma salvini2.jpg

Peters, 1860

Five species
Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, and northern South AmericaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (hairy big-eyed bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long (Guadeloupe big-eyed bat) [42]

Habitats: Caves, savanna, and forest [88]
Dermanura
(fruit-eating bat)

Dermanura watsoni.jpg

Gervais, 1856

Eleven species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (Andersen's fruit-eating bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long (Aztec fruit-eating bat) [42]

Habitats: Savanna, caves, and forest [89]
Ectophylla

Ectophylla alba Costa Rica.jpg

H. Allen, 1892

One species
Central America
Ectophylla alba map.svg
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, with no tail [42]

Habitat: Forest [90]
Enchisthenes

Enchisthenes hartii.jpg

K. Andersen, 1906

One species
Mexico, Central America, and northern South America
Enchisthenes hartii map.svg
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail [42]

Habitat: Forest [91]
Mesophylla

Mesophylla macconnelli.jpg

Thomas, 1901

One species
Central America and northern South America
Mesophylla macconnelli map.png
Size: 4–5 cm (2–2 in) long, with no tail [42]

Habitat: Forest [92]
Phyllops

Phyllops falcatus (10.3897-zookeys.973.53185) Figure 1.jpg

Peters, 1865

One species
Caribbean
Distribution of Phyllops falcatum.png
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail [42]

Habitat: Forest [93]
Platyrrhinus
(broad-nosed bat)

RSL4735 - Morcego.jpg 1 - Platyrrhinus recifinus (3).jpg

Saussure, 1860

Eighteen species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (brown-bellied broad-nosed bat) to 11 cm (4 in) long (buffy broad-nosed bat) [42]

Habitats: Caves, savanna, and forest [94]
Pygoderma

Pygoderma bilabiatum Bat species (10.3897-zoologia.37.e36514) Figures 18-29.jpg

Peters, 1863

One species
Central and eastern South America
Distribution of Pygoderma bilabiatum.png
Size: Unknown [42]

Habitat: Forest [95]
Sphaeronycteris

Naturalis Biodiversity Center - ZMA.MAM.1945.b ven - Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum - skin.jpeg

Peters, 1882

One species
Northern South America
Distribution of Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum.png
Size: 5–9 cm (2–4 in) long, with no tail [42]

Habitat: Forest [96]
Stenoderma E. Geoffroy, 1818

One species
Caribbean
Distribution of Stenoderma rufum.tif
Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail [42]

Habitat: Forest [97]
Sturnira
(yellow-shouldered bat)

Sturnira parvidens.jpg

Gray, 1842

Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, and South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (lesser yellow-shouldered bat) to 11 cm (4 in) long (Aratathomas's yellow-shouldered bat) [42]

Habitat: Forest [98]
Uroderma
(tent-making bat)

Common tent-making bats.JPG

Peters, 1865

Two species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (brown tent-making bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long (tent-making bat) [42]

Habitats: Savanna and forest [99]
Vampyressa
(little yellow-eared bat)

Vampyressa pusilla.jpg

Thomas, 1900

Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (northern little yellow-eared bat) to 7 cm (3 in) long (Melissa's yellow-eared bat) [42]

Habitat: Forest [100]
Vampyriscus
(yellow-eared bat)

Vampyriscus bidens 438610107.jpg

Thomas, 1900

Three species
Central America and northern South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (Brock's yellow-eared bat) to 7 cm (3 in) long (striped yellow-eared bat) [42]

Habitat: Forest [101]
Vampyrodes
(stripe-faced bat)

Vampyrodes caraccioli peru.jpg

Thomas, 1900

Two species
Central America and northern South America
Distribution of Vampyrodes caraccioloi.png
Size range: 7 cm (3 in) long, with no tail (great stripe-faced bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long (greater stripe-faced bat) [42]

Habitat: Forest [102]
Family Thyropteridae

Members of the Thyropteridae family are called thyropterids, or colloquially disk-winged bats, and include five extant species in a single genus. They are all insectivorous. [103]

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Thyroptera
(disk-winged bat)

Thyroptera discifera 216859954.jpg

Miller, 1907

Five species
Central America and South AmericaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (De Vivo's disk-winged bat) to 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (LaVal's disk-winged bat) [104]

Habitats: Forest and savanna [105]

Superfamily Vespertilionoidea

Family Cistugidae

Members of the Cistugidae family are called cistugids, or colloquially wing-gland bats, and include two extant species in a single genus. They are both insectivorous. [106]

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Cistugo
(wing-gland bat)
Thomas, 1912

Two species
Southern AfricaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Angolan hairy bat) to 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (Lesueur's hairy bat) [107]

Habitats: Rocky areas, shrubland, grassland, and desert [108]
Family Miniopteridae

Members of the Miniopteridae family are called miniopterids, and include bent-winged bats, or long-fingered bats. They are all insectivorous. [109] Miniopteridae comprises 31 extant species in a single genus.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Miniopterus

Schreibers' Long-fingered Bat imported from iNaturalist photo 176555240 on 3 September 2024.jpg

Bonaparte, 1837

Europe, Africa, and western, southeastern, and eastern AsiaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (little bent-wing bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 7 cm (3 in) tail (great bent-winged bat) [110]

Habitats: Shrubland, forest, grassland, rocky areas, caves, savanna, inland wetlands, and desert [111]
Family Molossidae

Members of the Molossidae family are called molossids, or colloquially free-tailed bats. They are all insectivorous. [112] Miniopteridae comprises 120 extant species, divided into 19 genera. These genera are grouped into two subfamilies: Molossinae, containing 119 species, and Tomopeatinae, which consists of a single species.

Subfamily Molossinae Gervais, 1856 – eighteen genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Austronomus
(Australasian free-tailed bat)

White-striped Free-tail Bat (Tadarida australis).jpg

Troughton, 1944

Two species
Australia and New Guinea Size range: 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (New Guinea free-tailed bat) to 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail (white-striped free-tailed bat) [113]

Habitats: Shrubland, forest, grassland, savanna, and desert [114]
Cheiromeles
(naked bat)

Naked-bulldog-bat-2 LTM.jpg

Horsfield, 1824

Two species
Southeastern AsiaSize range: 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (lesser naked bat) to 18 cm (7 in) long, plus 8 cm (3 in) tail (hairless bat) [113]

Habitats: Caves and forest [115]
Cynomops
(dog-faced bat)

Cynomops abrasus Bat species (10.3897-zoologia.37.e36514) Figures 18-29.jpg

Thomas, 1920

Six species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Greenhall's dog-faced bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (cinnamon dog-faced bat) [113]

Habitat: Forest [116]
Eumops
(bonneted bat)

Eumops bonariensis, Uruguay, 2019.jpg

Miller, 1906

Fifteen species
Southern North America, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (northern dwarf bonneted bat) to 13 cm (5 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail (Colombian bonneted bat) [113]

Habitats: Forest, coastal marine, rocky areas, savanna, caves, and desert [117]
Micronomus

Mormopterus norfolkensis.jpg

Gray, 1839

One species
Eastern AustraliaSize: 5–6 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [113]

Habitats: Forest and shrubland [118]
Molossops
(dog-faced bat)

Molossops neglectus (10.3897-zoologia.37.e36514) Figures 18-29 (cropped) 2.jpg

Peters, 1865

Four species
South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (dwarf dog-faced bat) to 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (rufous dog-faced bat) [113]

Habitats: Rocky areas, and forest (some species unknown) [119]
Molossus
(velvety free-tailed bat)

Molossus molossus.jpg

Geoffroy, 1805

Nine species
Mexico, Caribbean, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Aztec mastiff bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (Alvarez's mastiff bat) [113]

Habitats: Shrubland, forest, grassland, savanna, and caves [120]
Mops
(free-tailed bat)

Chaerephon plicatus Hardwicke.jpg

Lesson, 1842

Africa and eastern and southeastern AsiaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (little free-tailed bat) to 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail (Medje free-tailed bat) [113]

Habitats: Shrubland, forest, coastal marine, rocky areas, savanna, caves, and desert [121]
Mormopterus
(little mastiff bat)

Mormopterus acetabulosus type illustration.jpg

Peters, 1865

Seven species
Western South America, Cuba, Madagascar and nearby islands, and island of Sumatra in Indonesia Size range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Kalinowski's mastiff bat) to 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (Peters's wrinkle-lipped bat) [113]

Habitats: Shrubland, forest, rocky areas, and caves [122]
Myopterus
(African free-tailed bat)

Myopterus daubentonii.jpg

Geoffroy, 1818

Two species
Western and central AfricaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Bini free-tailed bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (Daubenton's free-tailed bat) [113]

Habitats: Savanna and forest [123]
Nyctinomops
(free-tailed bat)

Nyctinomops macrotus.jpeg

Miller, 1865

Four species
North and South AmericaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (broad-eared bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 7 cm (3 in) tail (big free-tailed bat) [113]

Habitats: Rocky areas, caves, and forest [124]
Otomops
(mastiff bat)

Otomops wroughtoni.jpg

Thomas, 1913

Eight species
Africa, southern Arabian Peninsula, and southern and southeastern AsiaSize range: 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (big-eared mastiff bat) to 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail (Harrison's large-eared giant mastiff bat) [113]

Habitats: Savanna, caves, and forest [125]
Ozimops
(Australian free-tailed bat)

Mormopterus beccarii astrolabiensis 1.jpg

Reardon, McKenzie, & Adams, 2014

Australia, southeastern AsiaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Cape York free-tailed bat) to 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (Beccari's free-tailed bat) [113]

Habitats: Shrubland, forest, grassland, savanna, caves, inland wetlands, and desert [126]
Platymops

Platymops setiger.jpg

Thomas, 1906

One species
Eastern AfricaSize: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail [113]

Habitats: Savanna and rocky areas [127]
Promops
(mastiff bat)
Gervais, 1856

Three species
Southern Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail (big crested mastiff bat) [113]

Habitats: Forest (some species unknown) [128]
Sauromys Peterson, 1965

One species
Southern AfricaSize: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [113]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, and rocky areas [129]
Setirostris Reardon, McKenzie, Cooper, Appleton, Carthew, & Adams, 2014

One species
Australia
Mormopterus eleryi Distribution Map.png
Size: 4–5 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail [113]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, and rocky areas [130]
Tadarida
(guano bat)

Mexican free-tailed bat (8006856842).jpg

Rafinesque, 1814

Eight species
North America, South America, Africa, Eastern Asia, southern Europe, and western, eastern, and southeastern Asia and MadagascarSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Mexican free-tailed bat) to 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 7 cm (3 in) tail (African giant free-tailed bat) [113]

Habitats: Shrubland, forest, grassland, coastal marine, rocky areas, savanna, caves, and desert [131]
Subfamily Tomopeatinae Miller, 1907 – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Tomopeas Miller, 1900

One species
Peru
Distribution of Tomopeas ravus.png
Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [113]

Habitat: Caves [132]
Family Natalidae

Members of the Natalidae family are called natalids, or colloquially funnel-eared bats. They are all insectivorous. [133] Natalidae comprises eleven extant species, divided into three genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – three genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Chilonatalus
(lesser funnel-eared bat)

Chilonatalus micropus.png

Miller, 1898

Three species
CaribbeanSize range: Unknown [134]

Habitats: Caves and forest [135]
Natalus
(greater funnel-eared bat)

Natalus mexicanus.jpg

Gray, 1838

Central America, South America, and CaribbeanSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (Mexican greater funnel-eared bat) to 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail (Jamaican greater funnel-eared bat) [134]

Habitats: Caves and forest [136]
Nyctiellus

Nyctiellus lepidus skull.jpg

Gervais, 1855

One species
Cuba and The Bahamas
Distribution of Nyctiellus lepidus.png
Size: Unknown [134]

Habitats: Forest and caves [137]
Family Vespertilionidae

Members of the Vespertilionidae family are called vespertilionids, or colloquially vesper bats, and include woolly bats, tube-nosed bats, mouse-eared bats, pipistrelles and serotines. They are all insectivorous, though one species also eats small birds. [106] Vespertilionidae comprises 461 extant species, divided into 53 genera. These genera are grouped into four subfamilies: Kerivoulinae, or woolly bats; Murininae, or tube-nosed bats; Myotinae, or mouse-eared bats; and Vespertilioninae, which includes pipistrelles, serotines, and other bat species. Vespertilioninae additionally contins three species which have been made extinct since 1500 CE.

Subfamily Kerivoulinae Miller, 1907 – two genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Kerivoula
(woolly bat)

Kerivoula picta 1.jpg

Gray, 1842

26 species
Africa and southeastern AsiaSize range: 2 cm (1 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Least woolly bat) to 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 7 cm (3 in) tail (Kachin woolly bat) [138]

Habitats: Savanna, forest, caves, and grassland (some species unknown) [139]
Phoniscus
(trumpet-eared bat)

KerivoulaFord.jpg

Miller, 1905

Four species
Papua New Guinea and eastern Australia, Southeastern Asia, and Possibly southeastern AfricaSize range: 4–6 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail (multiple) [138]

Habitats: Forest and inland wetlands [140]
Subfamily Murininae Miller, 1907 – three genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Harpiocephalus

Harpiocephalus harpia.jpg

Gray, 1842

One species
Southeastern Asia
Range Harpiocephalus harpia.png
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 4–5 cm (2–2 in) tail [138]

Habitat: Forest [141]
Harpiola
(tube-nosed bat)
Thomas, 1915

Two species
India and TaiwanSize range: 4–6 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail (multiple) [138]

Habitats: Forest, inland wetlands, and caves [142]
Murina
(tube-nosed bat)

tengukoumori.jpg

Gray, 1842

32 species
Southern, southeastern, and eastern Asia, and Northern AustraliaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Annam tube-nosed bat) to 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (brown tube-nosed bat) [138]

Habitats: Savanna, forest, and caves (some species unknown) [143]
Subfamily Myotinae Tate, 1942 – three genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Eudiscopus Conisbee, 1953

One species
Southeastern Asia
Range Eudiscopus denticulus.png
Size: 4–5 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [138]

Habitat: Forest [144]
Myotis
(mouse-eared bat)

Myotis formosus flavus D5160056.JPG

Kaup, 1829

Many species
North America, South America, Europe, Africa, southern, southeastern, and eastern Asia, and AustraliaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Alcathoe bat) to 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail (large myotis) [138]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, caves, desert, neritic marine, rocky areas, grassland, and inland wetlands (some species unknown) [145]
Submyotodon Ziegler, 2003

One species
TaiwanSize: 3–4 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail [138]

Habitat: Forest [146]
Subfamily Vespertilioninae Gray, 1821 – forty-five genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Antrozous

Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus).jpg

H. Allen, 1862

One species
Western North America and Cuba
Antrozous pallidus map.png
Size: 5–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail [138]

Habitats: Forest, rocky areas, and caves [147]
Arielulus
(gilded sprite)

Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MAM.14899.b dor - Arielulus circumdatus - skin.jpeg

Hill & Harrison, 1987

Four species
Southeastern AsiaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (bronze sprite) to 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (necklace sprite) [138]

Habitats: Forest and inland wetlands [148]
Baeodon
(yellow bat)
Miller, 1906

Two species
Southern MexicoSize range: 4–5 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail (multiple) [138]

Habitat: Forest [149]
Barbastella
(barbastelle)

Barbastella barbastellus 01.jpg

Gray, 1821

Four species
Europe, northern Africa, and western, southern, and eastern AsiaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (eastern barbastelle) to 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (Beijing barbastelle) [138]

Habitats: Shrubland, forest, caves, and rocky areas [150]
Bauerus

Bauerus dubiaquercus.jpg

Van Gelder, 1959

One species
Southern Mexico and Central America
Bauerus dubiaquercus map.svg
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2–2 in) tail [138]

Habitat: Forest [151]
Chalinolobus
(wattled bat)

Chalinolobus dwyeri.jpg

Peters, 1866

Seven species
New Zealand, Australia, and New Caledonia Size range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (chocolate wattled bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (Gould's wattled bat) [138]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, caves, and grassland [152]
Corynorhinus
(American lump-nosed bat)

Corynorhinus mexicanus.jpg

H. Allen, 1865

Three species
North AmericaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (Rafinesque's big-eared bat) to 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail (Mexican big-eared bat) [138]

Habitats: Shrubland, forest, and caves [153]
Eptesicus
(serotine bat)

Eptesicus nilssoni.jpg

Rafinesque, 1820

26 species
North America, South America, Africa, Europe, and AsiaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Argentine brown bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail (big brown bat) [138]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, caves, desert, rocky areas, grassland, and inland wetlands [154]
Euderma

Side view of spotted bat -Euderma maculatum- by Paul Cryan.jpg

H. Allen, 1892

One species
Western North America
Euderma maculatum map.svg
Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 4–5 cm (2–2 in) tail [138]

Habitats: Forest, caves, and desert [155]
Falsistrellus
(false pipistrelle)
Troughton, 1943

Two species
AustraliaSize range: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2–2 in) tail (multiple) [138]

Habitat: Forest [156]
Glauconycteris
(butterfly bat)

Niumbaha superba nostril shape and orientation - ZooKeys-285-089-g003-top-right.jpeg

Dobson, 1875

Twelve species
Sub-Saharan Africa Size range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Allen's spotted bat) to 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (pied butterfly bat) [138]

Habitats: Shrubland, savanna, and forest [157]
Glischropus
(thick-thumbed bat)

Glischropus tylopus.jpg

Dobson, 1875

Three species
Southeastern AsiaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (common thick-thumbed bat) to 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (Indochinese thick-thumbed bat) [138]

Habitat: Forest [158]
Hesperoptenus
(false serotine)

Hesperoptenus tickelli skull.jpg

Peters, 1868

Five species
Southern and southeastern AsiaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Blanford's bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 7 cm (3 in) tail (Tickell's bat) [138]

Habitats: Forest and caves [159]
Histiotus
(big-eared brown bat)

Histiotus montanus - Gabriel Ignacio Baloriani.jpg

Gervais, 1856

Seven species
South AmericaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (big-eared brown bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail (tropical big-eared brown bat) [138]

Habitats: Forest and caves (some species unknown) [160]
Hypsugo
(Asian pipistrelle)

Hypsugo-savi-VE-Trtar.jpg

Kolenati, 1856

Eighteen species
Europe, northern Africa, and AsiaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Alashanian pipistrelle) to 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (Anthony's pipistrelle) [138]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, caves, desert, grassland, rocky areas, and inland wetlands [161]
Ia Thomas, 1902

One species
Eastern Asia
Ia io distribution.svg
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 4–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [138]

Habitats: Forest and caves [162]
Idionycteris

Idionycteris phyllotis 461573.jpg

Anthony, 1923

One species
Western United States and Mexico
Idionycteris phyllotis map.svg
Size: About 7 cm (3 in), plus 4–6 cm (2 in) tail [138]

Habitats: Forest, caves, and desert [163]
Laephotis
(African long-eared bat)
Thomas, 1901

Four species
AfricaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Angolan long-eared bat) to 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (De Winton's long-eared bat) [138]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, desert, grassland, and inland wetlands [164]
Lasionycteris

Silver-haired bat.JPG

Peters, 1866

One species
North America
Distribution of Lasionycteris noctivagans.png
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [138]

Habitats: Forest, rocky areas, and caves [165]
Lasiurus
(red bat)

Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus (cropped).jpg

Gray, 1831

Seventeen species
North and South AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (minor red bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 9 cm (4 in) tail (Cuban yellow bat) [138]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, and caves [166]
Mimetillus

Mimetellus moloneyi.jpg

Thomas, 1904

One species
Sub-Saharan AfricaSize: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail [138]

Habitats: Forest and savanna [167]
Neoromicia
(serotine)

Cape Serotine Bat (Eptesicus capensis) (7027010897).jpg

Roberts, 1926

Sixteen species
Sub-Saharan AfricaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Heller's serotine) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (cape serotine) [138]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, desert, grassland, and inland wetlands [168]
Nyctalus
(noctule bat)

Nyctalus leisleri.jpg

Bowdich, 1825

Eight species
Europe, northern Africa, and AsiaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Lesser noctule) to 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 7 cm (3 in) tail (Birdlike noctule) [138]

Habitats: Shrubland, forest, caves, rocky areas, and inland wetlands [169]
Nycticeinops

Naturalis Biodiversity Center - ZMA.MAM.1960.b dor - Nycticeius schlieffeni - skin.jpeg

Hill & Harrison, 1987

One species
AfricaSize: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail [138]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, and desert [170]
Nycticeius
(evening bat)

Nycticeius humeralis Evening bat.JPG

Rafinesque, 1819

Three species
Western Cuba, South America, and southern North AmericaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Temminck's mysterious bat) to 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (evening bat) [138]

Habitat: Forest [171]
Nyctophilus
(Australian big-eared bat)

Lesser Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus geoffroyi) (8656888933).jpg

Leach, 1821

Seventeen species (one extinct)
Australia and southeastern AsiaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (eastern long-eared bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail (greater long-eared bat) [138]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, caves, grassland, and inland wetlands [172]
Otonycteris
(long-eared bat)

Otonycteris hemprichii.jpg

Peters, 1859

Two species
Western Asia and northern AfricaSize range: 5–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail (desert long-eared bat) [138]

Habitats: Grassland, shrubland, rocky areas, and desert [173]
Parastrellus

Western pipistrelle.jpg

Hoofer, Van Den Bussche, & Horáček, 2006

One species
Western United States and Mexico (in red)
Us pipistrelle bat distribution.png
Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail [138]

Habitats: Forest, grassland, rocky areas, caves, and desert [174]
Perimyotis

221205-F-KN521-0087.jpg

Menu, 1984

One species
Eastern North America (in yellow)
Us pipistrelle bat distribution.png
Size: 4–5 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [138]

Habitats: Forest, rocky areas, and caves [175]
Pharotis Thomas, 1914

One species
Papua New Guinea
Distribution of Pharotis imogene.png
Size: 4–5 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 4–5 cm (2–2 in) tail [138]

Habitat: Forest [176]
Philetor

Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MAM.32382.b ven - Philetor brachypterus - skin.jpeg

Thomas, 1902

One species
Southeastern Asia
Range Philetor brachypterus.png
Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail [138]

Habitats: Forest and grassland [177]
Pipistrellus
(pipistrelle)

Pipistrellus pygmaeus01.jpg

Kaup, 1829

33 species (2 extinct)
Australia, Africa, Europe, Japan, and western, southern, and southeastern AsiaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Angulate pipistrelle) to 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (Kelaart's pipistrelle) [138]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, caves, desert, rocky areas, grassland, intertidal marine, and inland wetlands [178]
Plecotus
(lump-nosed bat)

Plecotus-sardus.png

Geoffroy, 1818

Sixteen species
Europe, Asia, and northern AfricaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (brown long-eared bat) to 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail (alpine long-eared bat) [138]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, caves, desert, grassland, and rocky areas [179]
Rhogeessa
(yellow bat)

Rhogeessa aeneus.jpg

H. Allen, 1866

Eleven species
Mexico, Central America, and South AmericaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (black-winged little yellow bat) to 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (Bickham's little yellow bat) [138]

Habitats: Shrubland and forest [180]
Rhyneptesicus Bianchi, 1917

One species
Western AsiaSize: 4–6 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [138]

Habitats: Forest, savanna, caves, and desert [181]
Scoteanax

Scoteanax rueppellii.jpg

Troughton, 1944

One species
Eastern Mexico
Scoteanax rueppellii distribution (colored).png
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2–2 in) tail [138]

Habitat: Forest [182]
Scotoecus
(lesser house bat)
Thomas, 1901

Five species
Sub-Saharan Africa and southern AsiaSize range: 4–6 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail (multiple) [138]

Habitats: Shrubland, savanna, and forest [183]
Scotomanes

EB1911 Chiroptera Fig. 19.jpg

Dobson, 1875

One species
Eastern and southeastern Asia
Range Scotomanes ornatus.png
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail [138]

Habitats: Forest and caves [184]
Scotophilus
(Old World yellow bat)

Yellow bat Scotophilus.jpg

Leach, 1821

Eighteen species
Southern and southeastern Asia and Sub-Saharan AfricaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (lesser Asiatic yellow bat) to 13 cm (5 in) long, plus 10 cm (4 in) tail (Schreber's yellow bat) [138]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, desert, and grassland (some species unknown) [185]
Scotorepens
(broad-nosed bat)

Scotorepens balstoni.JPG

Troughton, 1943

Four species
Australia, Timor-Leste, and Papua New GuineaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (little broad-nosed bat) to 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (eastern broad-nosed bat) [138]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, desert, and grassland [186]
Scotozous Dobson, 1875

One species
Southern AsiaSize: 3–6 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail [138]

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and desert [187]
Thainycteris Kock & Storch, 1996

One species
Laos and ThailandSize: 6–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 4–6 cm (2–2 in) tail [138]

Habitat: Forest [188]
Tylonycteris
(bamboo bat)

Lesser Bamboo Bat.JPG

Peters, 1872

Three species
Southeastern AsiaSize range: 2 cm (1 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (pygmy bamboo bat) to 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (greater bamboo bat) [138]

Habitat: Forest [189]
Vespadelus
(forest bat)

Vespadelus vulturnus thumb.jpg

Troughton, 1943

Nine species
AustraliaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (eastern cave bat) to 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (large forest bat) [138]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, caves, desert, and grassland [190]
Vespertilio
(parti-coloured bat)

Vespertilio murinus 2.jpg

Linnaeus, 1758

Two species
Europe and AsiaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (parti-coloured bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail (Asian particolored bat) [138]

Habitats: Shrubland, coastal marine, forest, caves, desert, rocky areas, grassland, and inland wetlands [191]

Suborder Yinpterochiroptera

Superfamily Pteropodoidea

Family Pteropodidae

Members of the Pteropodidae family are called pteropodids, or colloquially fruit bats, flying foxes, or megabats. Most species primarily or exclusively eat fruit, though the species of the subfamily Macroglossusinae primarily eat pollen and nectar and many of the species of the subfamily Nyctimeninae sometimes eat insects. [1] Pteropodidae comprises 193 extant species, divided into 46 genera. These genera are grouped into seven subfamilies: Eidolinae, Harpyionycterinae, Nyctimeninae, Pteropodinae, Rousettinae, and Macroglossusinae. Pteropodinae additionally contins six species which have been made extinct since 1500 CE.

Subfamily Cynopterinae K. Andersen, 1912 – fourteen genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Aethalops
(sooty bat)

Aethalops aequalis.jpg

Thomas, 1923

Two species
Southeastern AsiaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (Borneo fruit bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, with no tail (pygmy fruit bat) [192]

Habitats: Forest and caves [193]
Alionycteris Kock, 1969

One species
Philippines
Mindanao Pygmy Fruit Bat area.png
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail [192]

Habitat: Forest [194]
Balionycteris
(spotted-winged fruit bat)

Spotted-winged fruit bat Balionycteris maculata.jpg

Matschie, 1899

Two species
Southeastern Asia and MalaysiaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (Malayan spotted-winged fruit bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, with no tail (spotted-winged fruit bat) [192]

Habitat: Forest [195]
Chironax

Chironax melanocephalus.jpg

K. Andersen, 1912

One species
Southeastern Asia
Black-capped Fruit Bat area.png
Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail [192]

Habitats: Forest and caves [196]
Cynopterus
(short-nosed fruit bat)

Lesser short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis).jpg

F. Cuvier, 1824

Seven species
Southern and southeastern AsiaSize range: 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (lesser short-nosed fruit bat) to 13 cm (5 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (Indonesian short-nosed fruit bat) [192]

Habitats: Forest and caves [197]
Dyacopterus
(dyak fruit bat)
K. Andersen, 1912

Three species
Southeastern AsiaSize range: 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (dayak fruit bat) to 15 cm (6 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Rickart's dyak fruit bat) [192]

Habitats: Forest and caves [198]
Haplonycteris

Haplonycteris fischeri.jpg

Lawrence, 1939

One species
Philippines
Fischer's Pygmy Fruit Bat area.png
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail [192]

Habitat: Forest [199]
Latidens Thonglongya, 1972

One species
Southern India
Salim Ali's Fruit Bat area.png
Size: 10–11 cm (4–4 in) long, with no tail [192]

Habitats: Forest and caves [200]
Megaerops
(tailless fruit bat)

Pteropus ecaudatus - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - UBA01 IZ20700041.tif

Peters, 1865

Four species
Southeastern AsiaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (Javan tailless fruit bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, with no tail (Ratanaworabhan's fruit bat) [192]

Habitat: Forest [201]
Otopteropus Kock, 1969

One species
Philippines
Luzon Fruit Bat area.png
Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in) long, with no tail [192]

Habitat: Forest [202]
Penthetor

Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MAM.33067 ven - Penthetor lucasi - skin.jpeg

K. Andersen, 1912

One species
Southeastern Asia
Dusky Fruit Bat area.png
Size: 7–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) tail [192]

Habitats: Forest and caves [203]
Ptenochirus
(musky fruit bat)

Ptenochirus jagori-PaulMatschie1899.png

Peters, 1861

Two species
PhilippinesSize range: 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 0.5 cm (0.2 in) tail (lesser musky fruit bat) to 13 cm (5 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (greater musky fruit bat) [192]

Habitat: Forest [204]
Sphaerias

Sphaerias blanfordi.jpg

Miller, 1906

One species
Southern and southeastern Asia
Blanford's Fruit Bat area.png
Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail [192]

Habitat: Forest [205]
Thoopterus
(swift fruit bat)
Matschie, 1899

Two species
IndonesiaSize range: 8 cm (3 in) long, with no tail (Suhaniah fruit bat) to 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 0.5 cm (0.2 in) tail (swift fruit bat) [192]

Habitat: Forest [206]
Subfamily Eidolinae Almeida, Giannini, & Simmons, 2016 – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Eidolon

Eidolon helvum fg01.JPG

Rafinesque, 1815

Two species
Sub-Saharan Africa and western Arabian PeninsulaSize range: 15 cm (6 in) long, with no tail (straw-coloured fruit bat) to 21 cm (8 in) long, with no tail (Madagascan fruit bat) [192]

Habitats: Savanna, forest, and caves [207]
Subfamily Harpyionycterinae – Miller, 1907 – four genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Aproteles Menzies, 1977

One species
New Guinea
Bulmer's Fruit Bat area.png
Size: About 25 cm (10 in) long, with no tail [192]

Habitats: Forest and caves [208]
Boneia Jentink, 1879

One species
Indonesia
Manado Fruit Bat area.png
Size: About 19 cm (7 in) long, with no tail [192]

Habitats: Forest and caves [209]
Dobsonia
(naked-backed fruit bat)

Dobsonia moluccensis.jpg

Palmer, 1898

Southeastern Asia and northern AustraliaSize range: 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 0.5 cm (0.2 in) tail (lesser naked-backed fruit bat) to 25 cm (10 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (bare-backed fruit bat) [192]

Habitats: Rocky areas, forest, and caves [210]
Harpyionycteris
(harpy fruit bat)

Harpyionycteris whiteheadi.jpg

Thomas, 1896

Two species
Indonesia and Philippines Size range: 11 cm (4 in) long, with no tail (Sulawesi harpy fruit bat) to 16 cm (6 in) long, with no tail (harpy fruit bat) [192]

Habitats: Forest [211]
Subfamily Nyctimeninae Miller, 1907 – two genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Nyctimene
(tube-nosed fruit bat)

Nyctimene robinsoni.jpg

Borkhausen, 1797

Southeastern AsiaSize range: 6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (Keast's tube-nosed fruit bat) to 15 cm (6 in) long, with no tail (broad-striped tube-nosed fruit bat) [192]

Habitats: Savanna, forest, and inland wetlands [212]
Paranyctimene
(lesser tube-nosed fruit bat)
Tate, 1942

New Guinea and IndonesiaSize range: 6–10 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail (multiple) [192]

Habitat: Forest [213]
Subfamily Pteropodinae Gray, 1821 – seven genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Acerodon
(sharp-toothed flying fox)

Acerodon celebensis.JPG

Jourdan, 1837

Five species
Indonesia and PhilippinesSize range: 19 cm (7 in) long, with no tail (Sulawesi flying fox) to 30 cm (12 in) long, with no tail (Giant golden-crowned flying fox) [192]

Habitat: Forest [214]
Desmalopex
(white-winged flying fox)

Desmalopex leucopterus.jpg

Miller, 1907

Two species
PhilippinesSize range: 13 cm (5 in) long, with no tail (small white-winged flying fox) to 24 cm (9 in) long, with no tail (white-winged flying fox) [192]

Habitats: Grassland and forest [215]
Mirimiri

1977.05.03 Fijian Monkey-faced Bat ,Taveuni, Fiji 3443 ccccr.jpg

Helgen, 2005

One species
Fiji
Fijian Monkey-faced Bat area.png
Size: 17–20 cm (7–8 in) long, with no tail [192]

Habitat: Forest [216]
Neopteryx

Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MAM.34940.a lat - Neopteryx frosti - skull.jpeg

Hayman, 1946

One species
Indonesia
Small-toothed Fruit Bat area.png
Size: About 16 cm (6 in), with no tail [192]

Habitat: Forest [217]
Pteralopex
(monkey-faced bat)

Pteralopex anceps.jpg

Thomas, 1888

Solomon Islands Size range: 16 cm (6 in) long, with no tail (montane monkey-faced bat) to 28 cm (11 in) long (Bougainville monkey-faced bat) [192]

Habitat: Forest [218]
Pteropus
(flying fox)

Wilhelma Kalong-Flughund Pteropus vampyrus 0513.jpg

Brisson, 1762

65 species (6 extinct)
Southern, southeastern, and eastern Asia, Australia, and Madagascar and nearby islands
Pteropus range.jpg
Size range: 9 cm (4 in) long, with no tail (dwarf flying fox) to 37 cm (15 in) long, with no tail (great flying fox) [192]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, caves, and inland wetlands [219]
Styloctenium
(stripe-faced fruit bat)

Styloctenium wallacei AB Meyer.jpg

Matschie, 1899

Two species
Indonesia and Philippines (in red)Size range: 14 cm (6 in) long, with no tail (Mindoro stripe-faced fruit bat) to 20 cm (8 in) long, with no tail (Sulawesi stripe-faced fruit bat) [192]

Habitat: Forest [220]
Subfamily Rousettinae K. Andersen, 1912 – thirteen genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Casinycteris
(short-palated bat)
Thomas, 1910

Two species
Central AfricaSize range: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail (short-palated fruit bat) [192]

Habitat: Forest [221]
Eonycteris
(dawn bat)

Eonycteris spelea.png

Dobson, 1873

Three species
Southern and southeastern AsiaSize range: 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (cave nectar bat) to 13 cm (5 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (greater nectar bat) [192]

Habitats: Forest and caves [222]
Epomophorus
(epauletted bat)

Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus wahlbergi or crypturus) (6042096470).jpg

Bennett, 1836

Sub-Saharan AfricaSize range: 6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (Peters's dwarf epauletted fruit bat) to 19 cm (7 in) long, plus 0.1 cm (0.04 in) tail (Dobson's epauletted fruit bat) [192]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, grassland, and rocky areas [223]
Epomops
(epauletted fruit bat)

EpomophorusFranquetiFord.jpg

Gray, 1870

Two species
Central and western AfricaSize range: 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long, with no tail (Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat) [192]

Habitats: Shrubland, savanna, and forest [224]
Hypsignathus

Hypsignathus monstrosus.png

H. Allen, 1861

One species
Western and central Africa
Hammer-headed Bat area.png
Size: 16–30 cm (6–12 in) long, with no tail [192]

Habitats: Forest and savanna [225]
Megaloglossus
(long-tongued fruit bat)

Megaloglossus woermanni.jpg

Pagenstecher, 1885

Two species
Western and central AfricaSize range: 6 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (Woermann's fruit bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, with no tail (Azagnyi fruit bat) [192]

Habitat: Forest [226]
Myonycteris
(collared fruit bat)

Myonycteris relicta.jpg

Matschie, 1899

Five species
Sub-Saharan AfricaSize range: 8 cm (3 in) long, with no tail (little collared fruit bat) to 14 cm (6 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Angolan rousette) [192]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, caves, grassland, and rocky areas [227]
Nanonycteris

Naturalis Biodiversity Center - ZMA.MAM.16653.b dor - Nanonycteris veldkampii - skin.jpeg

Matschie, 1899

One species
Western Africa
Veldkamp's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat area.png
Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, plus 0.1–0.5 cm (0.04–0.20 in) tail [192]

Habitats: Forest and savanna [228]
Pilonycteris

Rousettus celebensis - Siau Island.JPG

Nesi, Tsang, Simmons, McGowen, & Rossiter, 2021

One species
Indonesia
Sulawesi Rousette area.png
Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1–1 in) tail [192]

Habitats: Forest and caves [229]
Plerotes K. Andersen, 1910

One species
Southern Africa
D'Anchieta's Fruit Bat area.png
Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail [192]

Habitats: Forest and savanna [230]
Rousettus
(rousette)

Skraidantis egipto suo (cropped).jpg

Gray, 1821

Seven species
Southern and southeastern Asia and AfricaSize range: 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (Leschenault's rousette) to 20 cm (8 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Egyptian fruit bat) [192]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, caves, desert, grassland, and rocky areas [231]
Scotonycteris
(tear-drop bat)

Scotonycteris zenkeri illustration.jpg

Matschie, 1894

Three species
Western Africa and Western and central AfricaSize range: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, with no tail (multiple) [192]

Habitat: Forest [232]
Stenonycteris

Rousettus lanosus Ruwenzori Expedition Reports 1910.jpg

Thomas, 1906

One species
Eastern Africa
Long-haired Rousette area.png
Size: 11–18 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 0.5–3 cm (0.2–1.2 in) tail [192]

Habitats: Forest, savanna, and shrubland [233]
Subfamily Macroglossusinae Almeida, Simmons, & Giannini, 2020 – five genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Macroglossus
(long-tongued fruit bat)

Macroglossus minimus pregnant.jpg

F. Cuvier, 1824

Two species
Southeastern Asia and northern AustraliaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (long-tongued nectar bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (long-tongued fruit bat) [192]

Habitat: Forest [234]
Melonycteris

MelonycterisMelanopsSmit.jpg

Dobson, 1877

One species
Papua New Guinea
Black-bellied Fruit Bat area.png
Size: 7–11 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail [192]

Habitats: Forest and caves [235]
Nesonycteris
(Solomon Islands blossom bat)

Melonycteris woodfordi 2.jpg

Thomas, 1887

Two species
Solomon IslandsSize range: 8 cm (3 in) long, with no tail (Fardoulis's blossom bat) to 11 cm (4 in) long, with no tail (Woodford's fruit bat) [192]

Habitat: Forest [236]
Notopteris
(long-tailed blossom bat)

N142 w1150 (7630007128).jpg

Gray, 1859

Two species
Fiji, Vanuatu and New Caledonia Size range: 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (New Caledonia blossom bat) to 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 7 cm (3 in) tail (long-tailed fruit bat) [192]

Habitats: Forest and caves [237]
Syconycteris
(blossom bat)

Syconycteris australis.jpg

Matschie, 1899

Three species
Southeastern Asia and northern AustraliaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (common blossom bat) to 10 cm (4 in) long, with no tail (Halmahera blossom bat) [192]

Habitats: Shrubland, savanna, and forest [238]

Superfamily Rhinolophoidea

Family Craseonycteridae

Members of the Craseonycteridae family are called craseonycterids. The family contains a single insectivorous species. [239]

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Craseonycteris

Craseonycteris thonglongyai.png

Hill, 1974

One species
Thailand and Myanmar
Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat area.png
Size range: 2–4 cm (1–2 in) long, with no tail [240]

Habitats: Forest and caves [241]
Family Hipposideridae

Members of the Hipposideridae family are called hipposiderids, or colloquially Old World leaf-nosed bats. They are all insectivorous. [242] Hipposideridae comprises 86 extant species, divided into 7 genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – seven genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Anthops

Anthops ornatus.jpg

Thomas, 1888

One species
Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands
Flower-faced Bat area.png
Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 0.3–1 cm (0.1–0.4 in) tail [243]

Habitats: Forest and caves [244]
Asellia
(trident bat)

Geoffroy's Trident Leaf-nosed Bat imported from iNaturalist photo 369591981 on 27 July 2024.jpg

Gray, 1838

Four species
Northern and eastern Africa and Western AsiaSize range: 4 cm (2 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (Patrizi's trident leaf-nosed bat) to 6 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (multiple) [243]

Habitats: Shrubland, forest, grassland, savanna, caves, and desert [245]
Aselliscus
(trident bats)

Stoliczka's trident bat.png

Tate, 1941

Three species
Southeastern AsiaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 1 cm (0 in) tail (Temminck's trident bat) to 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (Stoliczka's trident bat) [243]

Habitats: Caves and forest [246]
Coelops
(tailless leaf-nosed bat)

Coelops frithii 2.jpg

Blyth, 1848

Two species
Southeastern AsiaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, with no tail (Malayan tailless leaf-nosed bat) to 5 cm (2 in) long, with no tail (East Asian tailless leaf-nosed bat) [243]

Habitats: Caves and forest [247]
Doryrhina
(roundleaf bat)

Hipposideros cyclops.jpg

Peters, 1871

Two species
Central and western AfricaSize range: 7 cm (3 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (cyclops roundleaf bat) to 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (greater roundleaf bat) [243]

Habitats: Savanna and forest [248]
Hipposideros
(roundleaf bat)

Khajuria's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros durgadasi).jpg

Gray, 1831

70 species
Southern, southeastern, and eastern Asia, Africa, southern Arabian Peninsula, and Northern AustraliaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (dusky leaf-nosed bat) to 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 7 cm (3 in) tail (fierce roundleaf bat) [243]

Habitats: Shrubland, forest, grassland, rocky areas, savanna, caves, and inland wetlands (some species unknown) [249]
Macronycteris
(leaf-nosed bat)

Commerson's leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros commersoni).jpg

Gray, 1866

Four species
Sub-Saharan AfricaSize range: 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 2 cm (1 in) tail (giant roundleaf bat) to 13 cm (5 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (striped leaf-nosed bat) [243]

Habitats: Rocky areas, caves, savanna, and forest [250]
Family Megadermatidae

Members of the Megadermatidae family are called megadermatids, or colloquially false vampire bats. They are primarily insectivorous, but will also eat a wide range of small vertebrates. [21] Megadermatidae comprises six extant species, each in their own genus.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – six genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Cardioderma

Cardioderma cor in Samburu.jpg

Peters, 1873

One species
Eastern Africa
Heart-nosed Bat area.png
Size range: 7–8 cm (3–3 in) long, with no tail [251]

Habitats: Forest, savanna, and shrubland [252]
Eudiscoderma Soisook, Prajakjitr, Sunate Karapan, Francis, & Bates, 2015

One species
Thailand
Range Eudiscoderma thongareeae.png
Size range: 7–8 cm (3–3 in) long, with no tail [251]

Habitat: Forest [253]
Lavia

Yellow-Winged Bat.jpeg

Gray, 1838

One species
Sub-Saharan Africa
Yellow-winged Bat area.png
Size range: 6–9 cm (2–4 in) long, with no tail [251]

Habitats: Forest, savanna, and shrubland [254]
Lyroderma

Greater False Vampire Bat (Megaderma lyra).jpg

Lacépède, 1799

One species
Southern and southeastern Asia
Greater False Vampire area.png
Size range: 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long, with no tail [251]

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, rocky areas, and caves [255]
Macroderma

(1)Ghost Bat 078.jpg

Miller, 1906

One species
Northern Australia
Ghost Bat area.png
Size range: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, with no tail [251]

Habitats: Forest, savanna, shrubland, rocky areas, and caves [256]
Megaderma

Megaderma spasma.jpg

(Geoffroy, 1810)

One species
Southern and southeastern Asia
Lesser False Vampire area.png
Size range: 5–9 cm (2–4 in) long, with no tail [251]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, caves, desert, grassland, rocky areas, and inland wetlands [257]
Family Rhinolophidae

Members of the Rhinolophidae family are called rhinolophids, or colloquially horseshoe bats. They are all insectivorous. [258] Rhinolophidae comprises 92 extant species in a single genus.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Rhinolophus
(horseshoe bat)

Rhinolophus rouxii.jpg

Lacépède, 1799

92 species
Europe, Africa, Asia, and AustraliaSize range: 3 cm (1 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (Blyth's horseshoe bat) to 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (large rufous horseshoe bat) [259]

Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, forest, caves, desert, grassland, rocky areas, and inland wetlands [260]
Family Rhinonycteridae

Members of the Rhinonycteridae family are called rhinonycterids, or colloquially trident bats. They are all insectivorous. [258] Rhinolophidae comprises nine extant species in four genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – four genera
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Cloeotis Thomas, 1901

One species
Southern Africa
Percival's Trident Bat area.png
Size range: 3–5 cm (1–2 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0–2 in) tail [261]

Habitats: Forest, savanna, and caves [262]
Paratriaenops
(Madagascar trident bat)
Benda & Vallo, 1847

Three species
Madagascar
Paratriaenops distribution.png
Size range: 4–7 cm (2–3 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0–1 in) tail (Grandidier's trident bat) [261]

Habitats: Forest, caves, and rocky areas [263]
Rhinonicteris

Rhinonicteris aurantia.jpg

Gray, 1847

One species
Northern Australia
Orange Leaf-nosed Bat area.png
Size range: 4–6 cm (2–2 in) long, plus 2–3 cm (1–1 in) tail [261]

Habitats: Savanna and caves [264]
Triaenops
(trident bat)

Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MAM.32126.b ven - Triaenops persicus afer - skin.jpeg

Dobson, 1871

Four species
Africa and western Asia
Triaenops distribution.png
Size range: 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 3 cm (1 in) tail (Yemeni trident leaf-nosed bat) to 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (multiple) [261]

Habitats: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and caves [265]
Family Rhinopomatidae

Members of the Rhinopomatidae family are called rhinopomatids, or colloquially mouse-tailed bats. They are all insectivorous. [266] Rhinopomatidae comprises ninsixe extant species in a single genus.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
NameAuthority and speciesRangeSize and ecology
Rhinolophus
(mouse-tailed bat)

Small mouse-tailed bat.jpg

Geoffroy, 1818

Six species
Northern and eastern Africa and western and southern AsiaSize range: 5 cm (2 in) long, plus 5 cm (2.0 in) tail (Egyptian mouse-tailed bat) to 9 cm (4 in) long, plus 9 cm (4 in) tail (greater mouse-tailed bat) [267]

Habitats: Grassland, shrubland, rocky areas, caves, forest, and desert [268]

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  128. "Promops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
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  130. Woinarski, J. C. Z.; Burbidge, A. A.; Reardon, T. B.; Lumsden, L. F. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Mormopterus eleryi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T71529901A209553422. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T71529901A209553422.en .
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  140. "Phoniscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
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  142. "Harpiola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  143. "Murina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
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  145. "Myotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
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  147. Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; de Grammont, P. C. (2017). "Antrozous pallidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T1790A22129152. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T1790A22129152.en .
  148. "Arielulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
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  152. "Chalinolobus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  153. "Corynorhinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
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  156. "Falsistrellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  157. "Glauconycteris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
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  159. "Hesperoptenus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  160. "Histiotus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
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  162. Jiang, T. L.; Feng, J. (2020). "Ia io". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10755A21993508. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10755A21993508.en .
  163. Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Álvarez-Castañeda, S. T. (2017). "Idionycteris phyllotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T10790A21990019. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10790A21990019.en .
  164. "Laephotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
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  166. "Lasiurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  167. Monadjem, A.; Fahr, J.; Cotterill, F.; Jacobs, D.; Taylor, P. J. (2017). "Mimetillus moloneyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T13556A22105391. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T13556A22105391.en .
  168. "Neoromicia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  169. "Nyctalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
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  171. "Nycticeius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  172. "Nyctophilus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  173. "Otonycteris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
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  175. Solari, S. (2018). "Perimyotis subflavus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T17366A22123514. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T17366A22123514.en .
  176. Armstrong, K. N.; Aplin, K.; Broken-brow, J. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Pharotis imogene". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T16887A209524728. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T16887A209524728.en .
  177. Rosell-Ambal, R. G. B.; Tabaranza, B.; Bonaccorso, F. J.; Heaney, L.; Csorba, G. (2020). "Philetor brachypterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T16981A22117501. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16981A22117501.en .
  178. "Pipistrellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  179. "Plecotus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  180. "Rhogeessa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  181. Benda, P.; Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B. (2019). "Eptesicus nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T7935A22117147. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T7935A22117147.en .
  182. Pennay, M. (2020). "Scoteanax rueppellii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T14946A22009127. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T14946A22009127.en .
  183. "Scotoecus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  184. Santiago, K.; Wortham, G.; Fisher, J.; Waldien, D. L. (2021). "Scotomanes ornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T20058A22025092. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T20058A22025092.en .
  185. "Scotophilus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  186. "Scotorepens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  187. Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Scotozous dormeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T17338A22129897. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T17338A22129897.en .
  188. Francis, C. M.; Csorba, G. (2020). "Thainycteris aureocollaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T40031A22063116. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T40031A22063116.en .
  189. "Tylonycteris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  190. "Vespadelus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  191. "Vespertilio". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
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  194. Mildenstein, T. (2016). "Alionycteris paucidentata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T843A22037501. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T843A22037501.en .
  195. "Balionycteris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  196. Tsang, S. M.; Hutson, A. M.; Kingston, T.; Suyanto, A. (2020). "Chironax melanocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T4670A22037874. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T4670A22037874.en .
  197. "Cynopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  198. "Dyacopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  199. Duya, M. R.; Ong, P.; Rosell-Ambal, R. G. B.; Tabaranza, B.; Heaney, L.; Duya, P.; Gonzalez, J. C. T.; Balete, D. S.; Ramayla, S. P. (2021). "Haplonycteris fischeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T9690A22136653. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T9690A22136653.en .
  200. Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B. (2020). "Latidens salimalii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T11374A22103756. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T11374A22103756.en .
  201. "Megaerops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
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  203. Waldien, D. L.; Bates, P. J. J.; Bumrungsri, S.; Suyanto, A.; Francis, C. M.; Kingston, T.; Maryanto, I. (2020). "Penthetor lucasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T16563A22055450. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16563A22055450.en .
  204. "Ptenochirus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  205. Wortham, G.; Santiago, K.; Waldien, D. L. (2021). "Sphaerias blanfordi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T20521A22100101. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T20521A22100101.en .
  206. "Thoopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  207. "Eidolon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  208. Aplin, K.; Armstrong, K. N.; Wright, D. (2021) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Aproteles bulmerae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T1933A209536462. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T1933A209536462.en .
  209. Wiantoro, S.; Tsang, S. M. (2020). "Boneia bidens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T19749A22002714. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19749A22002714.en .
  210. "Dobsonia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  211. "Harpyionycteris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  212. "Nyctimene". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  213. "Paranyctimene". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  214. "Acerodon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  215. "Desmalopex". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  216. Scanlon, A. (2019). "Mirimiri acrodonta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T18655A22071017. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T18655A22071017.en .
  217. Tsang, S. M. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Neopteryx frosti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14560A115122474. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T14560A22032953.en .
  218. "Pteralopex". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  219. "Pteropus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  220. "Styloctenium". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  221. "Casinycteris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  222. "Eonycteris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature . Retrieved July 2, 2025.
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