| Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Phyllostomidae |
| Genus: | Sturnira |
| Species: | S. mordax |
| Binomial name | |
| Sturnira mordax Goodwin, 1938 | |
 | |
The Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira mordax) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found only in Costa Rica and Panama, and there are no subspecies.
The bat is relatively small, with adults measuring only 6 cm (2.4 in) in head-body length, and weighing between 20 to 28 g (0.7 to 1 oz). Males are larger than females. It is very similar in appearance to the closely related highland yellow-shouldered bat, but with a more uniform dark colour, a longer, narrower, head, and larger canine teeth. The forearm has a thick coating of fur for about a third of its length, whereas there is only sparse hair on the hind feet. Other distinctive features include a notch at the tip of the tragus, and the presence of two points on each of the upper middle incisors. [2] It has a relatively simple nose-leaf, and short, pointed ears, and does not have a tail. [3]
Little is known of the bat's biology, although it is believed to breed throughout the year. [2]
First described by George Goodwin in 1938, the Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat was initially known only from Costa Rica. [3] In the 1980s, it was also discovered to inhabit Panama, but reports that it is also found in Colombia and Ecuador have since been disputed. [2]
It inhabits damp tropical forests at elevations of up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft), where it feeds on fruits such as those of Cecropia , Anthurium , Centropogon , and Musa . [2] Although formerly also found at lower elevations, recent changes in the local climate mean that it is now uncommon below about 1,250 m (4,100 ft). [4]
The black guan is a species of bird in the chachalaca, guan, and curassow family Cracidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.
The buff-fronted quail-dove, or Costa Rican quail-dove, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.
The bare-necked umbrellabird is a species of bird in the family Cotingidae. It is found in the Talamancan montane forests of Costa Rica and Panama. Bare-necked umbrellabirds live only in forests and their diet consists mainly of fruits.
The silvery-fronted tapaculo is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.
The Toltec fruit-eating bat is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is also sometimes called the "lowland fruit eating bat."
The gray short-tailed bat, or Hahn's short-tailed bat, is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae native to Mexico and Central America.
The Sinaloan mastiff bat is a species of bat in the family Molossidae, native to Mexico, Central America and northern South America.
Sturnira known as a yellow-shouldered bat or American epauleted bat, is a genus of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. The genus name comes from the Latin for "starling" and refers to HMS Starling, which took part in an 1836 voyage to Brazil during which the type specimen was collected. It contains the following species:
The Bogotá yellow-shouldered bat is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela at altitudes from 300 m to above 2000 m, particularly in cloud forest. The species is primarily frugivorous; it may also consume nectar and pollen.
The hairy yellow-shouldered bat is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae native to South America. There are no recognised subspecies.
The highland yellow-shouldered bat is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela.
Louis's yellow-shouldered bat is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru.
The lesser yellow-shouldered bat is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is native to Peru and Ecuador. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Thomas's yellow-shouldered bat is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is endemic to Guadeloupe. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Mexican greater funnel-eared bat is a species of bat found in Central America. While initially and currently described as a species, from 1959–2006 it was considered a subspecies of the Mexican funnel-eared bat, Natalus stramineus.
Sturnira honurensis is a species of bat found in Central America. Previously, it was considered a subspecies of the highland yellow-shouldered bat, but it has been considered distinct since 2010.
Burton's yellow-shouldered bat is a species of leaf-nosed bat found in Panama and Costa Rica.
Sturnira bakeri is a species of bat found in South-America.
Sturnira parvidens is a species of leaf-nosed bat found in Central America.
