| Lesser yellow-shouldered bat | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Phyllostomidae |
| Genus: | Sturnira |
| Species: | S. nana |
| Binomial name | |
| Sturnira nana Gardner & O'Neill, 1971 | |
 | |
The lesser yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira nana) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is native to Peru and Ecuador. It is threatened by habitat loss.
It was described in 1971, based on a specimen that had been collected in 1970. [2] It is a member of the yellow-shouldered bats. Its lineage is basal to the other members of its genus, with the exception of the bidentate yellow-shouldered bat, Sturnira bidens. The basal Sturnira lineages (S. nana, S. bidens, and S. aratathomasi) began to diverge from other members of the genus during the Late Miocene (5.2–8.1 million years ago). It was initially placed in the subgenus Corvira, though this taxonomic rank is now viewed as synonymous to Sturnira. [3]
Its species name nana is likely derived from Latin word nāna, meaning "dwarf." It is the smallest member of its genus–a fact that is referenced several times in its initial description. [2]
It is the smallest bat in its genus, [3] with its forearm measuring 34.2–35.7 mm (1.35–1.41 in) long. Its tail is approximately 51 mm (2.0 in) long; its hind foot is 10 mm (0.39 in) long; its ear is 13 mm (0.51 in) long. Like the bidentate yellow-shouldered bat, it has a thin or incomplete zygomatic arch. The fur on its back is a dark, grayish brown, while the fur on its ventral side is paler. [4] Individual hairs have four distinct color bands; from base to tip, the colors are white, brown, light silvery brown, and brown again. Ventral hairs lack the final brown terminal color band. The forearm is furred on its dorsal surface. It lacks the shoulder glands found in other members of its genus. Its nose-leaf is long and narrow. [2]
The type locality of this species is in the Ayacucho Region of Peru. [2] This species was not detected outside of Peru until a 2011 report cited capturing nine individuals in southern Ecuador during April 2009. [5] It has been recorded at elevations of 1,430–1,670 m (4,690–5,480 ft) above sea level. So far, it has only been documented along the eastern edge of the Andean Mountains. Its habitat includes lower elevation montane forests and the edges of clearings. [1]
It is currently evaluated as endangered by the IUCN as it is only known from two sites and its distribution is severely fragmented. [1] In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. [6]
The New World leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) are found from southern North America to South America, specifically from the Southwest United States to northern Argentina. They are ecologically the most varied and diverse family within the order Chiroptera. Most species are insectivorous, but the phyllostomid bats include within their number true predatory species and frugivores. For example, the spectral bat, the largest bat in the Americas, eats vertebrate prey, including small, dove-sized birds. Members of this family have evolved to use food groups such as fruit, nectar, pollen, insects, frogs, other bats, and small vertebrates, and in the case of the vampire bats, even blood.
The little yellow-shouldered bat is a bat species from South and Central America. It is a frugivore and an effective seed disperser.
Sturnira known as a yellow-shouldered bat or American epauleted bat, is a genus of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. The genus name comes from the Latin for "starling" and refers to HMS Starling, which took part in an 1836 voyage to Brazil during which the type specimen was collected. It contains the following species:
The bidentate yellow-shouldered bat is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in South America.
The Bogotá yellow-shouldered bat is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela at altitudes from 300 m to above 2000 m, particularly in cloud forest. The species is primarily frugivorous; it may also consume nectar and pollen.
The Thomas's yellow-shouldered bat is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is endemic to Guadeloupe.
Stenodermatinae is a large subfamily of bats in the family Phyllostomidae.
The Mistratoan yellow-shouldered bat, is a species of leaf-nosed bat indigenous to the Cordillera Occidental, in the Mistrato municipality in Risaralda, Colombia. Since existing information derives exclusively from the holotype, the status of the species, its environmental requirements, and the trend of the population are unknown.
The Matapalo broad-nosed bat is a species of leaf-nosed bat described in 2005. It is found in South America.
Platyrrhinus ismaeli is a species of bat found in South America.
Sturnira honurensis is a species of bat found in Central America. Previously, it was considered a subspecies of the highland yellow-shouldered bat, but it has been considered distinct since 2010.
Sturnira perla is a species of yellow-shouldered bat found in Ecuador.
Burton's yellow-shouldered bat is a species of leaf-nosed bat found in Panama and Costa Rica.
Sturnira koopmanhilli is a species of leaf-nosed bat found in South America.
Anoura aequatoris is a species of microbat that lives in South America in the countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Sturnira bakeri is a species of bat found in South-America.
Sturnira parvidens is a species of leaf-nosed bat found in Central America.
Sturnira angeli, also known as the Guadeloupe yellow-shouldered bat or Angel's yellow-shouldered bat, is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is endemic to the Lesser Antilles. As of 2018 it is listed as near threatened by the IUCN.
Paulson's yellow-shouldered bat is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is endemic to the Lesser Antilles. According to the most recent IUCN analysis in 2019, it is near-threatened.
