Bat Conservation International

Last updated
Bat Conservation International
Bat Conservation International Inc.
AbbreviationBCI
FormationOctober 2, 1982;42 years ago (1982-10-02)
Founder Merlin D. Tuttle [1]
Type Charitable trust
74-2553144
Legal status 501(c)(3)
Focus Environmentalism, Conservation
Headquarters Austin, Texas
Origins Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Region
Worldwide
Board Chair
Charles Chester, Ph.D.
Executive Director
Mike Daulton
Charles Chester, Ph.D.; Gary Dreyzin; Gerald Carter, Ph.D.; Ann George; Brock Fenton, Ph.D.; Dr. Shahroukh Mistry; Jenn Stephens, MBA; Nancy Simmons, Ph.D.; Andy Sansom, Ph.D.; Maria Mathis-Kruser; George 'Timo' Hixon; Alexander R. (Sandy) Read; Donald R. Kendall, Jr., MBA; Eileen Arbues; Roger Still
Website https://www.batcon.org/

Bat Conservation International (BCI) is an international nongovernmental organization working to conserve bats and their habitats through conservation, education, and research efforts.

Contents

BCI was founded in 1982 by bat biologist Merlin Tuttle, who led the organization until his retirement in 2009. [2] Since its establishment, BCI has formed partnerships with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and many national and international agencies and nonprofits, and has produced publications, workshops, scholarships, and research, and site-specific projects in the US and internationally. BCI employs a staff of 30 biologists, educators, and administrators and has members in 60 countries.

Conservation strategies

BCI operates by its "10 critical conservation strategies": 1) Accelerating scientific research 2) Preventing extinction 3) Protecting intact areas with highly diverse bat communities 4) Preserving megapopulations of bats 5) Creating global and regional partnerships 6) Addressing threats impacting multiple species at multiple sites 7) Promoting community-based bat conservation 8) Creating and enforcing legal and policy frameworks 9) Developing and perfecting important technology 10) Investing in future conservation leadership [3]

Addressing serious threats

BCI funds and participates in research to mitigate damage to bat populations. Some of the threats previously or currently addressed include:

Protecting megapopulations

Being colonial, many bat species form colonies that can consist of millions of individuals. [5] Because some bat species are highly aggregated, entire species can be threatened by disturbance to a small number of roosts. [6] BCI seeks to protect these roosts of high aggregations, or "mega-populations." [4] Some ways that BCI works to protect megapopulations are:

Preventing extinction

In their 2014–2018 Strategic Plan, BCI identified 35 critically endangered or endangered species of bats as priority species that will receive a concentrated focus of research and conservation efforts to hopefully prevent their extinction. [4] BCI is also a member of the Alliance for Zero Extinction, which seeks to safeguard the last habitats of critically endangered species. [3]

In 2022, Bat Conservation International (BCI) has employed the use of high accuracy workflow via GIS (Global Information System) to survey abandoned mines in New Mexico. [9] They survey habitats that can support favorable conditions (right moisture and temperature, absence of predators, and other factors); protecting habitats helps the native population of bats to avoid extinction. BCI has a team of 30 employees who manages the preservation of 35 endangered bat species with 3 species endemic to the United States. In conjunction with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and other government regional land management organizations, BCI collects data to locate these sites. Moreover, topographical maps provided by the USGS (United States Geological Service) and two Arrow 100 Global Navigation satellites System (GNSS) have been used to navigate terrains and locate entrances or gateways to prospective abandon mines that can be used by the bat populations. Sites are then evaluated by using Survey123 ( a data collection application) to analyze and disseminate data (temperature, humidity, guano concentrations that determines concentration of food sources, etc.). 785 mines in the vicinity of Palomas Gap, Timber Mountain, Rincon Basin, Burbank Canyon, and Brushy Mountain have been selected by the BCI team as candidate locations. As reported from the ArcNews Winter 2022 issue, BCI has completed evaluating about 308 sites that yielded 8 habitats with evidence of bat activity.

Common nameSpecies nameIUCN conservation status Range
Indiana bat Myotis sodalis NT (formerly EN) [10] Eastern U.S.
Florida bonneted bat Eumops floridanus VU (formerly CR) [11] Southern Florida
Greater long-nosed bat Leptonycteris nivalisEN [12] Southwest U.S., Mexico
Jamaican greater funnel-eared bat Natalus jamaicensisCR [13] Jamaica
Paraguana moustached bat Pteronotus paraguanensisEN [14] Venezuela
Fernandez's sword-nosed bat Lonchorhina fernandeziEN [15] Venezuela
Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat Lonchorhina marinkelleiVU (formerly EN) [16] Colombia
Choco broad-nosed bat Platyrrhinus chocoensisVU (formerly EN) [17] Panama, Colombia, Ecuador
Ecuadorian sac-winged bat Balantiopteryx infuscaVU (formerly EN) [18] Ecuador, Colombia
Smokey bat Amorphochilus schnabliiVU (formerly EN) [19] Ecuador, Chile
Lesser yellow-shouldered bat Sturnira nanaEN [20] Peru, Ecuador
Lamotte's roundleaf bat Hipposideros lamotteiCR [21] Border of Côte d'Ivoire and Guinea
Maclaud's horseshoe bat Rhinolophus maclaudiEN [22] Guinea
Ziama horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ziamaEN [23] Guinea, Liberia
Hill's horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hilli CR [24] Rwanda
Rodrigues flying fox Pteropus rodricensisCR [25] Rodrigues
Seychelles sheath-tailed bat Coleura seychellensisCR [26] Seychelles
Golden-crowned flying fox Acerodon jubatusEN [27] The Philippines
Philippine bare-backed fruit bat Dobsonia chapmani CR [28] The Philippines
Marianas flying fox Pteropus mariannusEN [29] Northern Mariana Islands, Guam
Pacific sheath-tailed bat Emballonura semicaudataEN [30] American Samoa, Fiji, Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Samoa, Tonga
Bulmer's fruit bat Aproteles bulmeraeCR [31] Papua New Guinea
New Guinea big-eared bat Pharotis imogeneCR [32] Papua New Guinea
Bougainville monkey-faced bat Pteralopex ancepsEN [33] Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Greater monkey-faced bat Pteralopex flanneryiCR [34] Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Guadalcanal monkey-faced bat Pteralopex atrataEN [35] Solomon Islands
Makira flying fox Pteropus cognatusEN [36] Solomon Islands
Montane monkey-faced bat Pteralopex pulchraCR [37] Solomon Islands
New Georgia monkey-faced bat Pteralopex takiEN [38] Solomon Islands
Temotu flying fox Pteropus nitendiensisEN [39] Solomon Islands
Vanikoro flying fox Pteropus tuberculatusCR [40] Solomon Islands
Banks flying fox Pteropus fundatusEN [41] Vanuatu
Fijian monkey-faced bat Mirimiri acrodontaCR [42] Fiji
Fijian mastiff bat Chaerephon bregullaeEN [43] Fiji, Vanuatu

Political advocacy

In addition to promoting scientific research on bats and their conservation, BCI is also involved in public policy. BCI announces opposition to legislation to mobilize its members against it, such as with Pennsylvania House Bill 1576, which would have changed how threatened and endangered species are protected in the state. [4] In the future, BCI plans to increase its engagement in legislative and policy efforts to conserve bats. [3]

See also

External audio
Nuvola apps arts.svg Adventures With a Bat Biologist, 12:29, To the Best of Our Knowledge [44]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mariana fruit bat</span> Species of bat

The Mariana fruit bat, also known as the Mariana flying fox, and the fanihi in Chamorro, is a megabat found only in the Mariana Islands and Ulithi. Habitat loss has driven it to endangered status, and it is listed as threatened by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Poaching, habitat loss, and the introduction of invasive species have contributed to the species' decline.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat</span> Species of bat

Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat is a bat species found in Colombia. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. Its species name marinkellei was chosen to honor the Dutch scientist Cornelis Johannes Marinkelle, who worked in Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fernandez's sword-nosed bat</span> Species of bat

Fernandez's sword-nosed bat is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is the smallest species of the Lonchorhina genus. It is endemic to Venezuela. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. It is threatened by habitat loss. It derives its scientific name from a Venezuelan zoologist, Dr. Alberto Fernandez Badillo, whose research focused on vampire bats, in particular.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aldabra flying fox</span> Species of bat

The Aldabra flying fox is a species of megabat in the genus Pteropus. It is endemic to the Aldabra Atoll in the Seychelles, like Chaerephon pusilla, though the latter may be the same species as the little free-tailed bat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banks flying fox</span> Species of bat

The Banks flying fox is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae. It is endemic to Vanuatu. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical swamps. These small fruit bats are about 15 cm. long with grey and brown on its head and back with a yellow-orange neck and yellow-gray bellies. Its diet consists of coconut flowers and Vaveli trees fruit since its home is tropical.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Temotu flying fox</span> Species of bat

The Temotu flying fox is a species of flying fox in the family Pteropodidae. It is endemic to the Solomon Islands. It is threatened by habitat destruction due to subsistence agricultural practices, as well as natural disasters such as tropical cyclones. Due to its imperiled status, it is identified by the Alliance for Zero Extinction as a species in danger of imminent extinction. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rodrigues flying fox</span> Large species of bat native to the island of Rodrigues

The Rodrigues flying fox or Rodrigues fruit bat is a species of bat in the family Pteropodidae, the flying foxes or fruit bats. It is endemic to Rodrigues, an island in the Indian Ocean belonging to Mauritius. Its natural habitat is tropical lowland forests. The bats are sociable, roost in large groups during the day and feed at night, squeezing the juice and flesh out of fruits. They are hunted by humans for food and their numbers have been dwindling, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated the species as being "endangered". In an effort to preserve them from extinction, some bats have been caught and are being bred in various zoos around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Insular flying fox</span> Species of bat

The insular flying fox or Pacific flying fox is a species of flying fox in the family Pteropodidae. It is geographically widespread, the most widespread flying fox in the Pacific: it is found in American Samoa, the Cook Islands, Fiji, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanikoro flying fox</span> Species of bat

The Vanikoro flying fox, also known locally as the basapine, is a species of bat in the family Pteropodidae. It has only been found in the Vanikoro island group located in the southern Solomon Islands. The species as a whole was originally known from just a few specimens collected sometime before 1930 but following surveys conducted on the island in the early 1990s did not detect this species again causing the Vanikoro flying fox to be listed as extinct. However, the species was rediscovered by a survey conducted in late 2014 which indicated a population in the high hundreds or low thousands and reported all observations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dwarf flying fox</span> Species of bat

The dwarf flying fox, least flying fox, or least fruit bat is a species of flying fox in the family Pteropodidae. It is endemic to the Solomon Islands. It is threatened by deforestation, which is believed to damage roosting sites in old growth forests.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fijian monkey-faced bat</span> Species of bat

The Fijian monkey-faced bat, also known as the Fijian flying fox or Fijian flying monkey, is a megabat endemic to Fiji. It was discovered in old-growth cloud forest on Des Vœux Peak, the second highest mountain peak on the island of Taveuni by William and Ruth Beckon in 1976, and is Fiji's only endemic mammal. It has recently been transferred from Pteralopex to its own monotypic genus Mirimiri.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bougainville monkey-faced bat</span> Species of mammal

The Bougainville monkey-faced bat or Bougainville flying monkey is a megabat endemic to Bougainville Island of Papua New Guinea and Choiseul Island of the Solomon Islands in Melanesia. It inhabits mature forests in upland areas, within the Autonomous Region of Bougainville and Bougouriba Province.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Montane monkey-faced bat</span> Species of bat

The montane monkey-faced bat or montane flying monkey is a megabat endemic to the Solomon Islands. It is listed as a critically endangered species. Due to its imperilled status, it is identified by the Alliance for Zero Extinction as a species in danger of imminent extinction. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. Only one individual has ever been found.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guadalcanal monkey-faced bat</span> Species of mammal

The Guadalcanal monkey-faced bat or Guadalcanal flying monkey is a megabat endemic to Solomon Islands. It is listed as an endangered species. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Georgian monkey-faced bat</span> Species of bat

The New Georgian monkey-faced bat or New Georgian flying monkey is a recently described species of megabat endemic to the New Georgia and Vangunu Islands. It is presumably extinct on Kolombangara Island, and the remaining populations on other islands are threatened by habitat loss and hunting. Consequently, it is considered vulnerable by the IUCN. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Makira flying fox</span> Species of bat

The Makira flying fox is a species of megabat in the genus Pteropus, found in the Solomon Islands. The species is currently decreasing and is endangered due to threats from logging and hunting. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater monkey-faced bat</span> Species of mammal

The greater monkey-faced bat or greater flying monkey is a megabat endemic to Solomon Islands, Bougainville, in Papua New Guinea, and nearby small islands. It is listed as a critically endangered species and the population is decreasing. It is the largest monkey-faced bat.

The Paraguana moustached bat occurs only on the Paraguaná Peninsula of Venezuela. The entire population uses three caves, one of which is subject to human vandalism. Their total range is less than 400 km2 (150 sq mi). In 2008, the caves where the bat is found were protected by the creation of the Cuevas de Paraguaná Wildlife Sanctuary–the first wildlife sanctuary in Venezuela.

References

  1. ↑ "Merlin D. Tuttle - Our Founder". Archived from the original on 2011-04-17. Retrieved 2011-04-11.
  2. ↑ "The Founder Passes the Baton". Bat Conservation International. Archived from the original on 2023-05-22. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
  3. 1 2 3 "A Five-Year Plan for Global Bat Conservation" (PDF). batcon.org. Bat Conservation International. October 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 17, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Annual Report 2013-2014" (PDF). batcon.org. Bat Conservation International. August 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 7, 2017. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
  5. ↑ Betke, M., Hirsh, D. E., Makris, N. C., McCracken, G. F., Procopio, M., Hristov, N. I., ... & Crampton, S. (2008). Thermal imaging reveals significantly smaller Brazilian free-tailed bat colonies than previously estimated. Journal of Mammalogy, 89(1), 18–24.
  6. ↑ McCracken, G. F. (2011). Cave conservation: special problems of bats. Course Booklet, 68.
  7. ↑ "Protecting a Jewel in Texas". batcon.org. Bat Conservation International. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
  8. ↑ "Congress Avenue Bridge". batcon.org. Bat Conservation International. Retrieved May 1, 2017.[ permanent dead link ]
  9. ↑ "Where the Bats Go: To Locate Potential Habitats in Abandoned Mines, Organization Employs a High-Accuracy GIS-Based Workflow". ArcNews. 44 (1): 18–19. 2022.
  10. ↑ Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Ospina-Garces, S. (2016). "Myotis sodalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14136A22053184. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14136A22053184.en .
  11. ↑ Solari, S. (2016). "Eumops floridanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T136433A21984011. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136433A21984011.en .
  12. ↑ Medellín, R. (2016). "Leptonycteris nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T11697A22126172. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T11697A22126172.en .
  13. ↑ Solari, S. (2016). "Natalus jamaicensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T136824A22043871. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136824A22043871.en .
  14. ↑ Solari, S. (2016). "Pteronotus paraguanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T136610A21987754. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136610A21987754.en .
  15. ↑ Solari, S. (2016). "Lonchorhina fernandezi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T12271A22039142. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T12271A22039142.en .
  16. ↑ Solari, S. (2016). "Lonchorhina marinkellei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T12272A22038923. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T12272A22038923.en .
  17. ↑ Ramirez-Chaves, H.; Suárez-Castro, A. (2020). "Platyrrhinus chocoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T17568A166501543. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T17568A166501543.en .
  18. ↑ Tirira, D. (2016) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. "Balantiopteryx infusca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T2531A97206692. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T2531A22029804.en .
  19. ↑ Velazco, P.; Huamani, L.; Cadenillas, R. (2015). "Amorphochilus schnablii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T1154A22070889. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T1154A22070889.en .
  20. ↑ Solari, S.; Boada, C. (2016). "Sturnira nana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T20958A22050195. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T20958A22050195.en .
  21. ↑ Monadjem, A.; Cooper-Bohannon, R. (2020). "Hipposideros lamottei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10141A22091938. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10141A22091938.en .
  22. ↑ Shapiro, J.; Cooper-Bohannon, R.; Fahr, J. (2019). "Rhinolophus maclaudi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T19549A21978925. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19549A21978925.en .
  23. ↑ Cooper-Bohannon, R.; Monadjem, A. (2020). "Rhinolophus ziama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T44786A22068674. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T44786A22068674.en .
  24. ↑ Fahr. J. (2010). "Rhinolophus hilli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T44781A10937550. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T44781A10937550.en .
  25. ↑ Tatayah, V.; Jhangeer-Khan, R.; Bégué, J.A.; Jones, C.G. (2017). "Pteropus rodricensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T18755A22087057. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T18755A22087057.en .
  26. ↑ Mondajem, A.; Gerlach, J.; Mickleburgh, S.; Hutson, A.M.; Bergmans, W. (2017). "Coleura seychellensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T5112A22089794. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T5112A22089794.en .
  27. ↑ Mildenstein, T.; Paguntalan, L. (2016). "Acerodon jubatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T139A21988328. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T139A21988328.en .
  28. ↑ Waldien, D.L. (2020). "Dobsonia chapmani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T6773A22033978. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T6773A22033978.en .
  29. ↑ Mildenstein, T. (2020). "Pteropus mariannus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T188566753A22083400. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T188566753A22083400.en .
  30. ↑ Waldien, D.L.; Scanlon, A. (2021). "Emballonura semicaudata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T7669A22135085. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T7669A22135085.en .
  31. ↑ Aplin, K.; Armstrong, K.; Wright, D. (2016). "Aproteles bulmerae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T1933A22136238. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T1933A22136238.en .
  32. ↑ Armstrong, K.N.; Aplin, K.; Broken-brow, J. (2020). "Pharotis imogene". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T16887A22114175. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16887A22114175.en .
  33. ↑ Lavery, T.H. (2017). "Pteralopex anceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T18656A22071126. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T18656A22071126.en .
  34. ↑ Lavery, T.H. (2017). "Pteralopex flanneryi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T136587A21998747. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T136587A21998747.en .
  35. ↑ Lavery, T.H. (2017). "Pteralopex atrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T18657A22074222. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T18657A22074222.en .
  36. ↑ Lavery, T.H. (2017). "Pteropus cognatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T136397A22014516. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T136397A22014516.en .
  37. ↑ Lavery, T.H. (2018) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Pteralopex pulchra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T18658A128950188. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T18658A128950188.en .
  38. ↑ Lavery, T.H. (2017). "Pteralopex taki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T29473A22066155. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T29473A22066155.en .
  39. ↑ Leary, T.; Lavery, T.H.; Pierce, R. (2020). "Pteropus nitendiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18744A22083923. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18744A22083923.en .
  40. ↑ Lavery, T.H.; Leary, T.; Pierce, R. (2020). "Pteropus tuberculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18765A22088712. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18765A22088712.en .
  41. ↑ Lavery, T.H.; Hamilton, S.; Helgen, K. (2020). "Pteropus fundatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18724A22080348. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18724A22080348.en .
  42. ↑ Scanlon, A. (2019). "Mirimiri acrodonta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T18655A22071017. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T18655A22071017.en .
  43. ↑ Waldien, D.L.; Scanlon, A.; Thompson, B.L.; Sherwin, R.E.; Naikatini, A.; Tikoca, S. (2019). "Chaerephon bregullae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T4309A22020149. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4309A22020149.en .
  44. ↑ "Adventures With a Bat Biologist". To the Best of Our Knowledge via WNYC. August 28, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
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