List of geomyids

Botta's pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae)

Geomyidae is a family of small mammals in the order Rodentia and part of the Castorimorpha suborder. Members of this family are called geomyids, pocket gophers, or gophers. They are found in North America, Central America, and the northwest tip of South America, primarily in forests, shrublands, and grasslands, though some species can be found in wetlands, deserts, or savannas. They range in size from Botta's pocket gopher, at 8 cm (3 in) plus a 5 cm (2 in) tail, to the giant pocket gopher, at 30 cm (12 in) plus a 14 cm (6 in) tail. Geomyids primarily eat roots, bulbs, and rhizomes, as well as other vegetation. No geomyids have population estimates, though two—the tropical pocket gopher and Michoacan pocket gopher—are categorized as endangered species, and the big pocket gopher is categorized as critically endangered.

The thirty-six extant species of Geomyidae are divided into seven genera, which are not grouped into subfamilies. A few extinct prehistoric geomyid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries, the exact number and categorization is not fixed. ^[1]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories

Conservation status
EX	Extinct (0 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically endangered (1 species)
EN	Endangered (2 species)
VU	Vulnerable (0 species)
NT	Near threatened (1 species)
LC	Least concern (31 species)
Other categories
DD	Data deficient (1 species)
NE	Not evaluated (0 species)

The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the geomyid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

Geomyidae is a family consisting of thirty-six extant species in seven genera. These genera are not grouped into subfamilies.

Family Geomyidae

• Genus Cratogeomys (pocket gophers): seven species
• Genus Geomys (eastern pocket gophers): nine species
• Genus Heterogeomys (pocket gophers): three species
• Genus Orthogeomys (taltuzas): six species
• Genus Pappogeomys (Buller's pocket gopher): one species
• Genus Thomomys (smooth-toothed pocket gophers): nine species
• Genus Zygogeomys (Michoacan pocket gopher): one species

Geomyids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists. ^[2]

Genus Cratogeomys – Merriam, 1895 – seven species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Goldman's pocket gopher	C. goldmani (Merriam, 1895) Seven subspecies C. g. elibatus C. g. goldmani C. g. maculats C. g. peridoneus C. g. planifrons C. g. rubellus C. g. subnubilus	Northern Mexico	Size: 14–21 cm (6–8 in) long, plus 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [3] Habitat: Desert [4] Diet: A variety of roots and vegetation, including cacti [5]	LC  Unknown [4]
Merriam's pocket gopher	C. merriami (Thomas, 1893)	Central Mexico	Size: 20–28 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 8–13 cm (3–5 in) tail [6] Habitat: Forest and grassland [7] Diet: A variety of roots and vegetation, including cacti [5]	LC  Unknown [7]
Oriental Basin pocket gopher	C. fulvescens Merriam, 1895	Central Mexico	Size: 18–28 cm (7–11 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [3] Habitat: Forest and grassland [8] Diet: A variety of roots and vegetation, including cacti [5]	LC  Unknown [8]
Perote pocket gopher	C. perotensis Merriam, 1895	Central Mexico	Size: 20–25 cm (8–10 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [6] Habitat: Forest and grassland [9] Diet: A variety of roots and vegetation, including cacti [5]	LC  Unknown [9]
Smoky pocket gopher	C. fumosus (Merriam, 1892)	Central Mexico	Size: 15–28 cm (6–11 in) long, plus 6–11 cm (2–4 in) tail [6] Habitat: Forest and grassland [10] Diet: A variety of roots and vegetation, including cacti [5]	LC  Unknown [10]
Volcan de Toluca pocket gopher	C. planiceps Merriam, 1895	Central Mexico	Size: 21–28 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [6] Habitat: Unknown [11] Diet: A variety of roots and vegetation, including cacti [5]	LC  Unknown [11]
Yellow-faced pocket gopher	C. castanops (Baird, 1852) Eighteen subspecies C. c. angusticeps C. c. bullatus C. c. castanops C. c. clarkii C. c. consitus C. c. dalquesti C. c. excelsus C. c. hirtus C. c. jucundus C. c. parviceps C. c. perexiguus C. c. perplanus C. c. pratensis C. c. sordidulus C. c. subsimus C. c. surculus C. c. tamaulipensis C. c. ustulatus	Southern United States and northern Mexico	Size: 15–23 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 5–11 cm (2–4 in) tail [3] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland [12] Diet: A variety of roots and vegetation, including cacti [5]	LC  Unknown [12]

Genus Geomys – Rafinesque, 1817 – nine species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Attwater's pocket gopher	G. attwateri Merriam, 1895 Two subspecies G. a. ammophilus G. a. attwateri	Southern United States	Size: 13–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail [3] Habitat: Grassland [13] Diet: Roots, rhizomes, and bulbs, as well as other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [13]
Baird's pocket gopher	G. breviceps Baird, 1855 Two subspecies G. b. breviceps G. b. sagittalis	Southern United States	Size: 13–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail [3] Habitat: Grassland [15] Diet: Roots, rhizomes, and bulbs, as well as other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [15]
Central Texas pocket gopher	G. texensis Merriam, 1895 Three subspecies G. t. bakeri G. t. llanensis G. t. texensis	Southern United States	Size: 12–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [16] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [17] Diet: Roots, rhizomes, and bulbs, as well as other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [17]
Desert pocket gopher	G. arenarius Merriam, 1895 Two subspecies G. a. arenarius G. a. brevirostris	Southwestern United States and northern Mexico	Size: 13–22 cm (5–9 in) long, plus 5–11 cm (2–4 in) tail [3] Habitat: Grassland and desert [18] Diet: Roots, rhizomes, and bulbs, as well as other vegetation [14]	NT  Unknown [18]
Knox Jones's pocket gopher	G. knoxjonesi Baker & Genoways, 1975	Southern United States	Size: 11–19 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 5–11 cm (2–4 in) tail [3] Habitat: Grassland [19] Diet: Roots, rhizomes, and bulbs, as well as other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [19]
Plains pocket gopher	G. bursarius (Shaw, 1800) Eight subspecies G. b. bursarius G. b. illinoensis G. b. industrius G. b. major G. b. majusculus G. b. missouriensis G. b. ozarkensis G. b. wisconsinensis	Central United States and southern-central Canada	Size: 13–23 cm (5–9 in) long, plus 6–12 cm (2–5 in) tail [16] Habitat: Savanna and grassland [20] Diet: Roots, rhizomes, and bulbs, as well as other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [20]
Southeastern pocket gopher	G. pinetis Rafinesque, 1817 Six subspecies G. p. austrinus G. p. colonus G. p. cumberlandius G. p. floridanus G. p. fontanelus G. p. pinetis	Southeastern United States	Size: 13–24 cm (5–9 in) long, plus 5–12 cm (2–5 in) tail [3] Habitat: Forest and grassland [21] Diet: Roots, rhizomes, and bulbs, as well as other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [21]
Texas pocket gopher	G. personatus True, 1889 Seven subspecies G. p. davisi G. p. fallax G. p. fuscus G. p. maritimus G. p. megapotamus G. p. personatus G. p. streckeri	Southern United States and northern Mexico	Size: 14–28 cm (6–11 in) long, plus 6–12 cm (2–5 in) tail [3] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [22] Diet: Roots, rhizomes, and bulbs, as well as other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [22]
Tropical pocket gopher	G. tropicalis Goldman, 1915	Eastern Mexico	Size: 12–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [3] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland [23] Diet: Roots, rhizomes, and bulbs, as well as other vegetation [14]	EN  Unknown [23]

Genus Heterogeomys – Le Conte, 1852 – three species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Big pocket gopher	H. lanius Elliot, 1905	Central Mexico	Size: 25–29 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 9–10 cm (4–4 in) tail [3] Habitat: Forest [24] Diet: A variety of vegetation [25]	CR  Unknown [24]
Cherrie's pocket gopher	H. cherriei Allen, 1893 Four subspecies H. c. carlosensis H. c. cherriei H. c. costaricensis H. c. matagalpae (Nicaraguan pocket gopher)	Nicaragua and Costa Rica	Size: 18–25 cm (7–10 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [3] Habitat: Forest [26] Diet: A variety of vegetation [25]	LC  Unknown [26]
Darien pocket gopher	H. dariensis (Goldman, 1912) Two subspecies H. d. dariensis H. d. thaeleri (Thaeler's pocket gopher)	Panama and Colombia	Size: 21–28 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 12–14 cm (5–6 in) tail [3] Habitat: Forest [27] Diet: A variety of vegetation [25]	LC  Unknown [27]

Genus Orthogeomys – Merriam, 1895 – six species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Chiriqui pocket gopher	O. cavator (Bangs, 1902) Three subspecies O. c. cavator O. c. nigrescens O. c. pansa	Costa Rica and Panama	Size: 22–27 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 11–13 cm (4–5 in) tail [3] Habitat: Forest [28] Diet: A variety of vegetation [25]	LC  Unknown [28]
Giant pocket gopher	O. grandis (Thomas, 1893) Sixteen subspecies O. g. alleni O. g. alvarezi O. g. annexus O. g. carbo O. g. engelhardi O. g. felipensis O. g. grandis O. g. guerrerensis O. g. huixtlae O. g. latifrons O. g. nelsoni O. g. pluto O. g. pygacanthus O. g. scalops O. g. soconuscensis O. g. vulcani	Southern Mexico and Central America	Size: 22–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 9–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [3] Habitat: Forest [29] Diet: A variety of vegetation [25]	LC  Unknown [29]
Hispid pocket gopher	O. hispidus (Le Conte, 1852) Twelve subspecies O. h. cayoensis O. h. chiapensis O. h. concavus O. h. hispidus O. h. hondurensis O. h. isthmicus O. h. latirostris O. h. negatus O. h. teapensis O. h. tehuantepecus O. h. torridus O. h. yucantanensis	Eastern Mexico and Central America	Size: 21–27 cm (8–11 in) long, plus 7–9 cm (3–4 in) tail [3] Habitat: Forest and intertidal marine [30] Diet: A variety of vegetation [25]	LC  Unknown [30]
Oaxacan pocket gopher	O. cuniculus (Elliot, 1905)	Southern Mexico	Size: 22–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 9–14 cm (4–6 in) tail [3] Habitat: Forest [31] Diet: A variety of vegetation [25]	DD  Unknown [31]
Underwood's pocket gopher	O. underwoodi (Osgood, 1931)	Costa Rica and Panama	Size: 18–21 cm (7–8 in) long, plus 8–11 cm (3–4 in) tail [3] Habitat: Forest [32] Diet: A variety of vegetation [25]	LC  Unknown [32]
Variable pocket gopher	O. heterodus (Peters, 1865) Three subspecies O. h. cartagoensis O. h. dolichocephalus O. h. heterodus	Costa Rica	Size: 22–27 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 8–12 cm (3–5 in) tail [3] Habitat: Forest and grassland [33] Diet: A variety of vegetation [25]	LC  Unknown [33]

Genus Pappogeomys – Merriam, 1895 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Buller's pocket gopher	P. bulleri (Thomas, 1892) Nine subspecies P. b. albinasus P. b. alcorni (Alcorn's pocket gopher) P. b. amecensis P. b. bulleri P. b. burti P. b. infuscus P. b. lutulentus P. b. melanurus P. b. nayaritensis	Western-central Mexico	Size: 12–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 6–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [3] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland [34] Diet: Roots and other vegetation [25]	LC  Unknown [34]

Genus Thomomys – Wied-Neuwied, 1839 – nine species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Botta's pocket gopher	T. bottae (Eydoux & Gervais, 1836) Many subspecies T. b. abbotti T. b. abstrusus T. b. actuosus T. b. albatus T. b. albicaudatus T. b. alexandrae T. b. alpinus T. b. alticolus T. b. analogus T. b. angustidens T. b. anitae T. b. aphrastus T. b. aureiventris T. b. aureus T. b. awahnee T. b. baileyi T. b. basilicae T. b. birdseyei T. b. bonnevillei T. b. borjasensis T. b. bottae T. b. brazierhowelli T. b. brevidens T. b. cactophilus T. b. camoae T. b. canus T. b. catalinae T. b. catavinensis T. b. centralis T. b. cervinus T. b. chrysonotus T. b. cinereus T. b. collis T. b. concisor T. b. confinalis T. b. connectens T. b. contractus T. b. convergens T. b. convexus T. b. cultellus T. b. cunicularius T. b. curtatus T. b. depressus T. b. desertorum T. b. detumidus T. b. dissimilis T. b. divergens T. b. estanciae T. b. fulvus T. b. fumosus T. b. guadalupensis T. b. homorus T. b. howelli T. b. humilis T. b. imitabilis T. b. incomptus T. b. internatus T. b. jojobae T. b. juarezensis T. b. lachuguilla T. b. lacrymalis T. b. laticeps T. b. latus T. b. lenis T. b. leucodon T. b. levidensis T. b. limitaris T. b. limpiae T. b. litoris T. b. lucidus T. b. lucrificus T. b. magdalenae T. b. martirensis T. b. mearnsi T. b. mewa T. b. minimus T. b. modicus T. b. morulus T. b. nanus T. b. navus T. b. neglectus T. b. nesophilus T. b. nigricans T. b. operarius T. b. optabilis T. b. opulentus T. b. osgoodi T. b. paguatae T. b. pascalis T. b. pectoralis T. b. peramplus T. b. perditus T. b. perpallidus T. b. pervagus T. b. pervarius T. b. phelleoecus T. b. pinalensis T. b. planirostris T. b. planorum T. b. powelli T. b. proximarinus T. b. pusillus T. b. retractus T. b. rhizophagus T. b. riparius T. b. robustus T. b. rubidus T. b. ruidosae T. b. rupestris T. b. ruricola T. b. russeolus T. b. saxatilis T. b. scotophilus T. b. sevieri T. b. siccovallis T. b. simulus T. b. sinaloae T. b. solitarius T. b. spatiosus T. b. stansburyi T. b. sturgisi T. b. subsimilis T. b. texensis T. b. tivius T. b. toltecus T. b. tularosae T. b. vanrosseni T. b. varus T. b. vescus T. b. villai T. b. wahwahensis T. b. winthropi T. b. xerophilus	Southwestern United States and northern Mexico	Size: 8–20 cm (3–8 in) long, plus 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [16] Habitat: Forest, grassland, and desert [35] Diet: Roots, bulbs, leaves, and other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [35]
Camas pocket gopher	T. bulbivorus (Richardson, 1829)	Northwestern United States	Size: 20–24 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 8–10 cm (3–4 in) tail [16] Habitat: Grassland [36] Diet: Roots, bulbs, leaves, and other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [36]
Idaho pocket gopher	T. idahoensis Merriam, 1901 Three subspecies T. i. confinus T. i. idahoensis T. i. pygmaeus	Northwestern United States	Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 4–7 cm (2–3 in) tail [16] Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland [37] Diet: Roots, bulbs, leaves, and other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [37]
Mazama pocket gopher	T. mazama Merriam, 1897 Fifteen subspecies T. m. couchi T. m. glacialis T. m. helleri T. m. hesperus T. m. louiei T. m. mazama T. m. melanops T. m. nasicus T. m. niger T. m. oregonus T. m. premaxillaris T. m. pugetensis T. m. tacomensis (Tacoma pocket gopher) T. m. tumuli T. m. yelmensis	Northwestern United States	Size: 14–17 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [16] Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland [38] Diet: Roots, bulbs, leaves, and other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [38]
Mountain pocket gopher	T. monticola Allen, 1893	Western United States	Size: 12–16 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 5–9 cm (2–4 in) tail [16] Habitat: Forest and grassland [39] Diet: Roots, bulbs, leaves, and other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [39]
Northern pocket gopher	T. talpoides (Richardson, 1828) 54 subspecies T. t. aequalidens T. t. agrestis T. t. andersoni T. t. attenuatus T. t. bridgeri T. t. bullatus T. t. caryi T. t. cheyennensis T. t. cognatus T. t. columbianus T. t. devexus T. t. douglasii T. t. duranti T. t. falcifer T. t. fisheri T. t. fossor T. t. fuscus T. t. gracilis T. t. immunis T. t. incensus T. t. kaibabensis T. t. kelloggi T. t. levis T. t. limosus T. t. loringi T. t. macrotis T. t. medius T. t. meritus T. t. monoensis T. t. moorei T. t. nebulosus T. t. ocius T. t. oquirrhensis T. t. parowanensis T. t. pierreicolus T. t. pryori T. t. quadratus T. t. ravus T. t. relicinus T. t. retrorsus T. t. rostralis T. t. rufescens T. t. saturatus T. t. segregatus T. t. shawi T. t. talpoides T. t. taylori T. t. tenellus T. t. trivialis T. t. uinta T. t. wallowa T. t. wasatchensis T. t. whitmani T. t. yakimensis	Northwestern United States and southwestern Canada	Size: 11–19 cm (4–7 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [16] Habitat: Forest and grassland [40] Diet: Roots, bulbs, leaves, and other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [40]
Southern pocket gopher	T. umbrinus (Richardson, 1829) 25 subspecies T. u. arriagensis T. u. atrodorsalis T. u. atrovarius T. u. camargensis T. u. chihuahuae T. u. crassidens T. u. durangi T. u. emotus T. u. enixus T. u. eximius T. u. extimus T. u. goldmani T. u. intermedius T. u. juntae T. u. musculus T. u. nelsoni T. u. newmani T. u. parviceps T. u. potosinus T. u. pullus T. u. sonoriensis T. u. supernus T. u. umbrinus T. u. zacatecae Thomomys	Southwestern United States and Mexico	Size: 12–18 cm (5–7 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail [16] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and desert [41] Diet: Roots, bulbs, leaves, and other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [41]
Townsend's pocket gopher	T. townsendii (Bachman, 1839) Two subspecies T. t. nevadensis T. t. townsendii	Western United States	Size: 14–23 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 5–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [16] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands [42] Diet: Roots, bulbs, leaves, and other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [42]
Wyoming pocket gopher	T. clusius Coues, 1875	Western-central United States	Size: 10–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 5–7 cm (2–3 in) tail [16] Habitat: Shrubland [43] Diet: Roots, bulbs, leaves, and other vegetation [14]	LC  Unknown [43]

Genus Zygogeomys – Merriam, 1895 – one species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Michoacan pocket gopher	Z. trichopus Merriam, 1895	Central Mexico	Size: 17–24 cm (7–9 in) long, plus 6–10 cm (2–4 in) tail [3] Habitat: Forest [44] Diet: Roots and rhizomes [25]	EN  Unknown [44]

References

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37. Linzey, A. V.; NatureServe. (2017). "Thomomys idahoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T21809A22215570. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T21809A22215570.en .
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42. Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Thomomys townsendii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T42598A115193369. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42598A22215650.en .
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44. Álvarez-Castañeda, S. T.; Lacher, T.; Vázquez, E.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J. (2018). "Zygogeomys trichopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T23323A22216603. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T23323A22216603.en .

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