List of primates

Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)

Red slender loris (Loris tardigradus)

Northern greater galago (Otolemur garnettii)

Philippine tarsier (Carlito syrichta)

Red-faced spider monkey (Ateles paniscus)

Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas)

Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

Humans (Homo sapiens)

Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)

Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla)

Range and density of non-human primates

Primates is a diverse order of placental mammals which includes monkeys, lemurs, galagos, lorisids, tarsiers, and apes (including humans). Members of this order are called primates. The order currently comprises 505 extant species, which are grouped into 81 genera. The majority of primates live in South and Central America, Africa, and southern and Southeast Asia, in a variety of habitats, particularly forests but also including grasslands, savannas, shrublands, wetlands, deserts, and rocky areas. The exception is humans, which have spread worldwide to every biome. Primates come in a variety of body plans but typically feature large brains, a shoulder girdle allowing a large degree of movement in the shoulder joint, dexterous hands, and tails, sometimes prehensile. ^[1] They range in size from Margot Marsh's mouse lemur, at 8 cm (3 in) plus a 11 cm (4 in) tail, to the eastern gorilla, at 196 cm (77 in), not including limbs. Primates are also the most intelligent animals and non-human primates are recorded to use tools, communicate with gestures and vocalizations, and have complex social systems. ^[2]

Primates is divided into two suborders: Haplorrhini and Strepsirrhini. The suborders are further subdivided into clades and families. Haplorrhini contains nine families in four major clades: Cercopithecoidea, containing the Old World monkeys of the family Cercopithecidae; Hominoidea, containing the great apes of the family Hominidae and the gibbons of the family Hylobatidae; Platyrrhines, or New World monkeys, divided into the families Aotidae, Atelidae, Callitrichidae, Cebidae, and Pitheciidae and containing night, howler, spider, woolly, capuchin, squirrel, and saki monkeys, marmosets, and tamarins; and Tarsiiformes, containing the tarsier family Tarsiidae. Strepsirrhini is split between two clades: Lemuroidea, divided into the families Cheirogaleidae (dwarf and mouse lemurs), Daubentoniidae (the aye-aye), Indriidae (wooly lemurs, sifakas, and indri), Lemuridae (lemurs), and Lepilemuridae (sportive lemurs); and Lorisoidea, split between the galago family Galagidae and the loris family Lorisidae. The exact organization of the species is not fixed, with many recent proposals made based on molecular phylogenetic analysis. No species have been recorded as going extinct since 1500 CE, but over 200 species, or more than 40 percent of all primates, are considered endangered or critically endangered.

Conventions

Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the collective range of species in that genera is provided. Ranges are based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

The order Primates consists of 505 extant species belonging to 81 genera. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Modern molecular studies indicate that the 81 genera can be grouped into 16 families; these families are divided between two named suborders and are grouped in those suborders into named clades, and some of these families are subdivided into named subfamilies.

Suborder Haplorrhini

• Superfamily Cercopithecoidea
  • Family Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
    • Subfamily Cercopithecinae (cercopithecine monkeys): 13 genera, 78 species
    • Subfamily Colobinae (leaf-eating monkeys): 10 genera, 80 species
• Superfamily Hominoidea (apes)
  • Family Hominidae (hominids)
    • Subfamily Homininae (African hominids): 3 genera, 5 species
    • Subfamily Ponginae (Asian hominids): 1 genus, 3 species
  • Family Hylobatidae (gibbons): 4 genera, 20 species
• Parvorder Platyrrhines (New World monkeys)
  • Family Aotidae (night monkeys): 1 genus, 11 species
  • Family Atelidae
    • Subfamily Alouattinae (howler monkeys): 1 genus, 12 species
    • Subfamily Atelinae (spider and wooly monkeys): 3 genera, 11 species
  • Family Callitrichidae (marmosets and tamarins): 7 genera, 43 species
  • Family Cebidae
    • Subfamily Cebinae (capuchin monkeys): 2 genera, 11 species
    • Subfamily Saimiriinae (squirrel monkeys): 1 genus, 7 species
  • Family Pitheciidae
    • Subfamily Callicebinae (titi monkeys): 3 genera, 33 species
    • Subfamily Pitheciinae (saki monkeys and uakaris: 3 genera, 25 species
• Infraorder Tarsiiformes
  • Family Tarsiidae (tarsiers): 3 genera, 14 species

Suborder Strepsirrhini

• Superfamily Lemuroidea (lemurs)
  • Family Cheirogaleidae (dwarf and mouse lemurs): 5 genera, 41 species
  • Family Daubentoniidae (aye-aye): 1 genus, 1 species
  • Family Indriidae (woolly lemurs, sifakas, and indri): 3 genera, 19 species
  • Family Lemuridae (lemurs): 5 genera, 21 species
  • Family Lepilemuridae (sportive lemurs): 1 genus, 25 species
• Superfamily Lorisoidea
  • Family Galagidae (galagos): 6 genera, 19 species
  • Family Lorisidae
    • Subfamily Lorisinae (lorises): 3 genera, 11 species
    • Subfamily Perodicticinae (angwantibos and pottos): 2 genera, 5 species

Primates [3]    Haplorhini    Simiiformes    Catarrhini    Hominoidea    Hominidae Hylobatidae Cercopithecoidea    Cercopithecidae Platyrrhini    Aotidae Atelidae Callitrichidae Cebidae Pitheciidae Tarsiiformes    Tarsiidae Strepsirrhini    Lemuriformes    Lemuroidea    Cheirogaleidae Daubentoniidae Indriidae Lemuridae Lepilemuridae Lorisoidea    Galagidae Lorisidae

Primates

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists. ^[4]

Suborder Haplorrhini

Superfamily Cercopithecoidea

Main article: List of cercopithecoids

Family Cercopithecidae

Members of the Cercopithecidae family are called cercopithecids, or colloquially Old World monkeys, and include baboons, colobuses, guenons, lutungs, macaques, and other types of monkeys. Cercopithecidae comprises 158 extant species, divided into 23 genera. These genera are grouped into two subfamilies: Cercopithecinae, or cercopithecine monkeys, containing baboon, guenon, macaque, and other monkey species; and Colobinae, or leaf-eating monkeys, containing colobus, lutung, and other monkey species.

Subfamily Cercopithecinae – Gray, 1821 – thirteen genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Allenopithecus	Lang, 1923 One species A. nigroviridis (Allen's swamp monkey)	Central Africa	Size: 33–51 cm (13–20 in) long, plus 35–52 cm (14–20 in) tail [5] Habitats: Forest [6] Diet: Fruit, leaves, and small invertebrates [7]
Allochrocebus (terrestrial guenon)	Elliot, 1913 Three species A. lhoesti (L'Hoest's monkey, pictured) A. preussi (Preuss's monkey) A. solatus (Sun-tailed monkey)	Central and west-central Africa	Size range: 31–69 cm (12–27 in) long, plus 48–10 cm (19–4 in) tail (L'Hoest's monkey) [8] Habitats: Grassland and forest [9] Diets: Fruit, seeds, shoots, leaves, buds, flowers, mushrooms, and invertebrates [8]
Cercocebus (white-eyelid mangabey)	É Geoffroy, 1812 Seven species C. agilis (Agile mangabey) C. atys (Sooty mangabey, pictured) C. chrysogaster (Golden-bellied mangabey) C. galeritus (Tana River mangabey) C. lunulatus (White-naped mangabey) C. sanjei (Sanje mangabey) C. torquatus (Collared mangabey)	Equatorial Africa	Size range: 40–80 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 45–100 cm (18–39 in) tail (Golden-bellied mangabey) [10] Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, and savanna [10] Diets: Invertebrates, fruit, leaves, nuts, seeds, nectar, stems, roots, insects, fungi, grass, and small vertebrates [10]
Cercopithecus (guenon)	Linnaeus, 1758 Nineteen species C. ascanius (Red-tailed monkey) C. campbelli (Campbell's mona monkey) C. cephus (Moustached guenon) C. denti (Dent's mona monkey) C. diana (Diana monkey, pictured) C. erythrogaster (White-throated guenon) C. erythrotis (Red-eared guenon) C. hamlyni (Hamlyn's monkey) C. lomamiensis (Lesula) C. lowei (Lowe's mona monkey) C. mitis (Blue monkey) C. mona (Mona monkey) C. neglectus (De Brazza's monkey) C. nictitans (Greater spot-nosed monkey) C. petaurista (Lesser spot-nosed monkey) C. pogonias (Crested mona monkey) C. roloway (Roloway monkey) C. sclateri (Sclater's guenon) C. wolfi (Wolf's mona monkey)	Sub-Saharan Africa	Size range: 29 cm (11 in) long, plus 57 cm (22 in) tail (Lesser spot-nosed monkey) to 70 cm (28 in) long, plus 109 cm (43 in) tail (Blue monkey) [11] Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, and savanna [11] Diets: Fruit, leaves, seeds, shoots, herbs, invertebrates, flowers, buds, tree gum, birds, bird eggs, and small reptiles [11]
Chlorocebus (vervet monkey)	Gray, 1870 Seven species C. aethiops (Grivet) C. cynosuros (Malbrouck, pictured) C. djamdjamensis (Bale Mountains vervet) C. dryas (Dryas monkey) C. pygerythrus (Vervet monkey) C. sabaeus (Green monkey) C. tantalus (Tantalus monkey)	Equatorial, eastern, and southern Africa	Size range: 34 cm (13 in) long, plus 44 cm (17 in) tail (Malbrouck) to 83 cm (33 in) long, plus 114 cm (45 in) tail (Tantalus monkey) [12] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna [13] Diets: Fruit, leaves, flowers, small vertebrates, shoots, stems, roots, insects, bark, gum, eggs, invertebrates, pith, seeds, and mushrooms [12]
Erythrocebus (patas monkey)	Trouessart, 1897 Three species E. baumstarki (Southern patas monkey) E. patas (Common patas monkey, pictured) E. poliophaeus (Blue Nile patas monkey)	Equatorial and Eastern Africa	Size range: 49 cm (19 in) long, plus 43 cm (17 in) tail (Blue Nile patas monkey) to 70 cm (28 in) long, plus 70 cm (28 in) tail (Common patas monkey) [14] Habitats: Grassland, forest, shrubland, and savanna [15] Diets: Fruit, insects, gum, and arthropods, as well as flowers, fruit, seeds, leaves, stems, roots, small vertebrates, and bird eggs [14]
Lophocebus (crested mangabey)	Palmer, 1903 Two species L. albigena (Grey-cheeked mangabey, pictured) L. aterrimus (Black crested mangabey)	Central Africa	Size range: 44–75 cm (17–30 in) long, plus 57–94 cm (22–37 in) tail (Grey-cheeked mangabey) [16] Habitats: Forest [16] Diets: Fruit and seeds [16]
Macaca (macaque)	Lacépède, 1799 24 species M. arctoides (Stump-tailed macaque) M. assamensis (Assam macaque) M. brunnescens (Muna-Buton macaque) M. cyclopis (Formosan rock macaque) M. fascicularis (Crab-eating macaque) M. fuscata (Japanese macaque) M. hecki (Heck's macaque) M. leonina (Northern pig-tailed macaque) M. leucogenys (White-cheeked macaque) M. maura (Moor macaque) M. mulatta (Rhesus macaque) M. munzala (Arunachal macaque) M. nemestrina (Southern pig-tailed macaque) M. nigra (Celebes crested macaque) M. nigrescens (Gorontalo macaque) M. ochreata (Booted macaque) M. pagensis (Pagai Island macaque) M. radiata (Bonnet macaque, pictured) M. siberu (Siberut macaque) M. silenus (Lion-tailed macaque) M. sinica (Toque macaque) M. sylvanus (Barbary macaque) M. thibetana (Tibetan macaque) M. tonkeana (Tonkean macaque)	Southern, southeastern, and eastern Asia, and northwestern Africa	Size range: 36 cm (14 in) long, plus 36 cm (14 in) tail (Toque macaque) to 77 cm (30 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (Arunachal macaque) [17] Habitats: Inland wetlands, rocky areas, shrubland, savanna, grassland, forest, intertidal marine, and caves [18] Diets: Fish, crabs, shellfish, bird eggs, honeycombs, invertebrates, gums, pith, seeds, leaves, flowers, dirt, fungi, and birds [17]
Mandrillus (mandrill)	Ritgen, 1824 Two species M. leucophaeus (Drill) M. sphinx (Mandrill, pictured)	Western Africa	Size range: 55–95 cm (22–37 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail (Mandrill) [19] Habitats: Rocky areas, forest, and savanna [19] Diets: Omnivorous, primarily fruit and seeds [19]
Miopithecus (talapoin)	Geoffroy, 1842 Two species M. ogouensis (Gabon talapoin) M. talapoin (Angolan talapoin, pictured)	Western Africa	Size range: 23 cm (9 in) long, plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (Gabon talapoin) to 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 53 cm (21 in) tail (Angolan talapoin) [20] Habitats: Inland wetlands and forest [20] Diets: Insects, leaves, seeds, fruit, water plants, grubs, eggs, and small vertebrates [20]
Papio (baboon)	Erxleben, 1777 Six species P. anubis (Olive baboon, pictured) P. cynocephalus (Yellow baboon) P. hamadryas (Hamadryas baboon) P. kindae (Kinda baboon) P. papio (Guinea baboon) P. ursinus (Chacma baboon)	Sub-Saharan Africa and southwestern Arabian Peninsula	Size range: 50–115 cm (20–45 in) long, plus 45–72 cm (18–28 in) tail (Chacma baboon) [21] Habitats: Inland wetlands, rocky areas, shrubland, savanna, desert, grassland, and forest [22] Diets: Fruit, leaves, roots, insects, eggs, small vertebrates, flowers, buds, grass, and seeds [21]
Rungwecebus	Davenport, 2006 One species R. kipunji (Kipunji)	Southeastern Africa	Size: 85–90 cm (33–35 in) long, plus about 115 cm (45 in) tail [23] Habitats: Forest [24] Diet: Omnivorous, including bulbs, roots, shoots, seeds, and fruit [23]
Theropithecus	Geoffroy, 1843 One species T. gelada (Gelada)	Eastern Africa	Size: 50–75 cm (20–30 in) long, plus 32–55 cm (13–22 in) tail [25] Habitats: Grassland and rocky areas [26] Diet: Leaves and forbs, as well as roots, corms, tubers and rhizomes [26]

Subfamily Colobinae – Jerdon, 1867 – ten genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Colobus (black-and-white colobus)	Illiger, 1811 Five species C. angolensis (Angola colobus) C. guereza (Mantled guereza, pictured) C. polykomos (King colobus) C. satanas (Black colobus) C. vellerosus (Ursine colobus)	Central Africa and Western Africa	Size range: 45–72 cm (18–28 in) long, plus 52–100 cm (20–39 in) tail (King colobus) [27] Habitats: Forest and savanna [28] Diets: Leaves, nuts, and seeds, as well as fruit, flowers, buds, stems, bark, shoots, insects, and clay [27]
Nasalis	É Geoffroy, 1812 One species N. larvatus (Proboscis monkey)	Borneo	Size: 61–76 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 50–75 cm (20–30 in) tail [29] Habitats: Forest [30] Diet: Fruit, seeds, leaves, and shoots, as well as caterpillars and larvae [31]
Piliocolobus (red colobus)	Rochebrune, 1887 Sixteen species P. badius (Western red colobus) P. bouvieri (Bouvier's red colobus) P. epieni (Niger Delta red colobus) P. foai (Foa's red colobus) P. gordonorum (Udzungwa red colobus) P. kirkii (Zanzibar red colobus, pictured) P. langi (Lang's red colobus) P. oustaleti (Oustalet's red colobus) P. parmentieri (Lomami red colobus) P. pennantii (Pennant's colobus) P. preussi (Preuss's red colobus) P. rufomitratus (Tana River red colobus) P. semlikiensis (Semliki red colobus) P. tephrosceles (Ugandan red colobus) P. tholloni (Thollon's red colobus) P. waldronae (Miss Waldron's red colobus)	Congo, and eastern and western Africa	Size range: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail (multiple) [32] Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, and savanna [33] Diets: Leaves, fruit, shoots, buds, flowers, and seeds, as well as flowers [32]
Presbytis (surili)	Eschscholtz, 1821 Nineteen species P. bicolor (Black-and-white langur) P. canicrus (Miller's langur) P. chrysomelas (Sarawak surili) P. comata (Javan surili) P. femoralis (Raffles' banded langur, pictured) P. frontata (White-fronted surili) P. hosei (Hose's langur) P. melalophos (Black-crested Sumatran langur) P. mitrata (Mitered langur) P. natunae (Natuna Island surili) P. percura (East Sumatran banded langur) P. potenziani (Mentawai langur) P. robinsoni (Robinson's banded langur) P. rubicunda (Maroon leaf monkey) P. sabana (Sabah grizzled langur) P. siamensis (White-thighed surili) P. siberu (Siberut langur) P. sumatranus (Black Sumatran langur) P. thomasi (Thomas's langur)	Southeastern Asia	Size range: 42 cm (17 in) long, plus 50 cm (20 in) tail (Black Sumatran langur) to 62 cm (24 in) long, plus 85 cm (33 in) tail (Thomas's langur) [34] Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, and shrubland [35] Diets: Fruit, leaves, seeds and flowers, as well as bark, twigs, stalks, birds, bird eggs, algae, and insects [34]
Procolobus	Rochebrune, 1877 One species P. verus (Olive colobus)	Western Africa	Size: 43–50 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 57–64 cm (22–25 in) tail [36] Habitats: Forest [37] Diet: Leaves and flowers [38]
Pygathrix (douc)	É Geoffroy, 1812 Three species P. cinerea (Gray-shanked douc) P. nemaeus (Red-shanked douc, pictured) P. nigripes (Black-shanked douc)	Southeastern Asia	Size range: 60 cm (24 in) long, plus 56 cm (22 in) tail (Black-shanked douc) to 77 cm (30 in) long, plus 77 cm (30 in) tail (Red-shanked douc) [39] Habitats: Forest [39] Diets: Leaves, as well as fruit, seeds, buds, and flowers [39]
Rhinopithecus (snub-nosed monkey)	H. Milne-Edwards, 1872 Five species R. avunculus (Tonkin snub-nosed monkey, pictured) R. bieti (Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey) R. brelichi (Gray snub-nosed monkey) R. roxellana (Golden snub-nosed monkey) R. strykeri (Myanmar snub-nosed monkey)	Southern China, Central China, Northern Vietnam, and Northern Myanmar	Size range: 51 cm (20 in) long, plus 66 cm (26 in) tail (Tonkin snub-nosed monkey) to 83 cm (33 in) long, plus 72 cm (28 in) tail (Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey) [40] Habitats: Forest [41] Diets: Leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, buds, bark, seeds, and lichen, as well as insect larvae [40]
Semnopithecus (gray langur)	Desmarest, 1822 Eight species S. ajax (Kashmir gray langur) S. entellus (Northern plains gray langur, pictured) S. hector (Tarai gray langur) S. hypoleucos (Black-footed gray langur) S. johnii (Nilgiri langur) S. priam (Tufted gray langur) S. schistaceus (Nepal gray langur) S. vetulus (Purple-faced langur)	Sri Lanka, India, and Himalayas	Size range: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) (multiple) [42] Habitats: Rocky areas, forest, shrubland, and savanna [42] Diets: Leaves, fruit, and flowers, seeds, roots, bark, twigs, coniferous cones, moss, lichens, ferns, shoots, rhizomes, grass, and invertebrates [42]
Simias	Miller, 1903 One species S. concolor (Pig-tailed langur)	Islands near Sumatra in Indonesia	Size: 45–53 cm (18–21 in) long, plus 13–18 cm (5–7 in) tail [43] Habitats: Forest [44] Diet: Leaves, fruit, and berries [45]
Trachypithecus (lutung)	Reichenbach, 1862 21 species T. auratus (East Javan langur) T. barbei (Tenasserim lutung) T. crepuscula (Indochinese grey langur) T. cristatus (Silvery lutung) T. delacouri (Delacour's langur) T. ebenus (Indochinese black langur) T. francoisi (François' langur) T. geei (Gee's golden langur) T. germaini (Germain's langur) T. hatinhensis (Hatinh langur) T. laotum (Laotian langur) T. leucocephalus (White-headed langur) T. margarita (Annamese langur) T. mauritius (West Javan langur) T. obscurus (Dusky leaf monkey, pictured) T. phayrei (Phayre's leaf monkey) T. pileatus (Capped langur) T. poliocephalus (Cat Ba langur) T. popa (Popa langur) T. selangorensis (Selangor silvered langur) T. shortridgei (Shortridge's langur)	Southeastern Asia	Size range: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail (multiple) [46] Habitats: Inland wetlands, rocky areas, forests, forest, and caves [47] Diets: Leaves, flowers, fruit, shoots, seeds, and twigs, as well as bark and insects [46]

Superfamily Hominoidea

Main article: List of hominoids

Family Hominidae

Members of the Hominidae family are hominids, or colloquially great apes, and include gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, and humans. Hominoidae comprises eight extant species, divided into four genera. These genera are grouped into two subfamilies: Homininae, or African hominids, containing gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans; and Ponginae, or Asian hominids, containing orangutans.

Subfamily Homininae – Gray, 1825 – three genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Gorilla (gorilla)	Geoffroy, 1852 Two species G. beringei (Eastern gorilla) G. gorilla (Western gorilla, pictured)	Central Africa and Western Africa	Size range: 130 cm (51 in) long (Western gorilla) to 196 cm (77 in) long (Eastern gorilla) [48] Habitats: Forest [49] Diets: Leaves, berries, ferns, bark, roots, stems, and pith, as well as wood, flowers, fruit, fungi, galls, invertebrates, and gorilla dung [48]
Homo	Linnaeus, 1758 One species H. sapiens (Human)	Worldwide (population density shown)	Size: 140–210 cm (55–83 in) long, including legs [50] Habitats: Varied Diet: Omnivorous
Pan (chimpanzee)	Oken, 1816 Two species P. paniscus (Bonobo, pictured) P. troglodytes (Chimpanzee)	Central and western Africa	Size range: 63–90 cm (25–35 in) long (Chimpanzee) [51] Habitats: Forest and savanna [52] Diets: Fruit, leaves, stems, buds, bark, pith, seeds, and resins, as well as leaves, insects, shoots, small vertebrates, truffles, fungus, honey, and eggs [51]

Subfamily Ponginae – Elliot, 1913 – one genus

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Pongo	Lacépède, 1799 Three species P. abelii (Sumatran orangutan) P. pygmaeus (Bornean orangutan, pictured) P. tapanuliensis (Tapanuli orangutan)	Borneo and Sumatra	Size range: 78–97 cm (31–38 in) long (Bornean orangutan) [53] Habitats: Forest [54] Diets: Fruit, leaves, shoots, flowers, and bark, as well as insects, sap, vines, spider webs, bird eggs, fungi, flowers, bark, and soil [53]

Family Hylobatidae

Members of the Hylobatidae family are hylobatids, or colloquially gibbons. Hylobatidae comprises 19 extant species, divided into four genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – four genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Hoolock (hoolock gibbon)	Mootnick & Groves, 2005 Three species H. hoolock (Western hoolock gibbon, pictured) H. leuconedys (Eastern hoolock gibbon) H. tianxing (Skywalker hoolock gibbon)	Southern Asia (in green)	Size range: 45 cm (18 in) long (Western hoolock gibbon) to 81 cm (32 in) long (Skywalker hoolock gibbon) [55] Habitats: Forest [55] Diets: Fruit and leaves, as well as shoots, invertebrates, bird chicks, and flowers [55]
Hylobates (dwarf gibbon)	Illiger, 1811 Nine species H. abbotti (Western grey gibbon) H. agilis (Agile gibbon) H. albibarbis (Bornean white-bearded gibbon) H. funereus (Eastern grey gibbon, pictured) H. klossii (Kloss's gibbon) H. lar (Lar gibbon) H. moloch (Silvery gibbon) H. muelleri (Müller's gibbon) H. pileatus (Pileated gibbon)	Southeastern Asia	Size range: 42 cm (17 in) long (Silvery gibbon) to 65 cm (26 in) long (Agile gibbon) [56] Habitats: Forest [56] Diets: Fruit, flowers, leaves, and insects, as well as eggs and small vertebrates [56]
Nomascus (crested gibbon)	Miller, 1933 Seven species N. annamensis (Northern buffed-cheeked gibbon) N. concolor (Black crested gibbon) N. gabriellae (Yellow-cheeked gibbon, pictured) N. hainanus (Hainan black crested gibbon) N. leucogenys (Northern white-cheeked gibbon) N. nasutus (Eastern black crested gibbon) N. siki (Southern white-cheeked gibbon)	Southeastern Asia	Size range: 40 cm (16 in) long (Eastern black crested gibbon) to 64 cm (25 in) long (Southern white-cheeked gibbon) [57] Habitats: Forest [57] Diets: Fruit, leaves, buds, shoots, and flowers, as well as insects, eggs, and small vertebrates [57]
Symphalangus	Gloger, 1841 One species S. syndactylus (Siamang)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 71–90 cm (28–35 in) long [58] Habitats: Forest [59] Diet: Fruit and leaves, as well as flowers and insects [59]

Parvorder Platyrrhines

Main article: List of platyrrhines

Family Aotidae

Members of the Aotidae family are aotids, or colloquially night monkeys. Aotidae comprises eleven extant species in a single genus.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Aotus (night monkey)	Illiger, 1811 Eleven species A. azarae (Azara's night monkey) A. brumbacki (Brumback's night monkey) A. griseimembra (Gray-handed night monkey) A. jorgehernandezi (Hernández-Camacho's night monkey) A. lemurinus (Gray-bellied night monkey) A. miconax (Peruvian night monkey) A. nancymaae (Nancy Ma's night monkey) A. nigriceps (Black-headed night monkey) A. trivirgatus (Three-striped night monkey) A. vociferans (Spix's night monkey) A. zonalis (Panamanian night monkey, pictured)	Central and northern South America and Central America	Size range: 24 cm (9 in) long, plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (Azara's night monkey) to 47 cm (19 in) long plus 42 cm (17 in) tail (Three-striped night monkey) [60] Habitats: Forest and savanna [60] Diets: Fruit, nectar, leaves, flowers, buds, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs [60]

Family Atelidae

Members of the Atelidae family are atelids, or colloquially night monkeys, and include howler, spider, woolly, and woolly spider monkeys. Aotidae comprises 24 extant species in 4 genera. It is divided into the subfamilies Alouattinae, or howler monkeys, and Atelinae, or spider and woolly monkeys.

Subfamily Alouattinae – Trouessart, 1897 – one genus

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Alouatta (howler monkey)	Lacépède, 1799 Twelve species A. arctoidea (Ursine howler) A. belzebul (Red-handed howler) A. caraya (Black howler, pictured) A. discolor (Spix's red-handed howler) A. guariba (Brown howler) A. macconnelli (Guyanan red howler) A. nigerrima (Amazon black howler) A. palliata (Mantled howler) A. pigra (Yucatán black howler) A. sara (Bolivian red howler) A. seniculus (Colombian red howler) A. ululata (Maranhão red-handed howler)	Mexico, Central America, and northern, eastern, and central South America	Size range: 38 cm (15 in) long, plus 52 cm (20 in) tail (Mantled howler) to 92 cm (36 in) long plus 92 cm (36 in) tail (Brown howler) [61] Habitats: Forest and savanna [61] Diets: Leaves, flowers, fruit, bark, and twigs as well as buds, seeds, moss, stems, termite nests, and decaying wood [61]

Subfamily Atelinae – Gray, 1825 – three genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Ateles (spider monkey)	É Geoffroy, 1806 Seven species A. belzebuth (White-bellied spider monkey) A. chamek (Peruvian spider monkey) A. fusciceps (Black-headed spider monkey) A. geoffroyi (Geoffroy's spider monkey) A. hybridus (Brown spider monkey, pictured) A. marginatus (White-cheeked spider monkey) A. paniscus (Red-faced spider monkey)	Mexico, Central America, and northern and central South America	Size range: 30–63 cm (12–25 in) long, plus 63–84 cm (25–33 in) tail (Geoffroy's spider monkey) [62] Habitats: Forest [63] Diets: Fruit, leaves, flowers, nuts, seeds, and insects, as well as bark, honey, decaying wood, roots, fungi, arachnids, and eggs [62]
Brachyteles (muriqui)	É Geoffroy, 1806 Two species B. arachnoides (Southern muriqui) B. hypoxanthus (Northern muriqui, pictured)	Southeastern Brazil	Size range: 46–50 cm (18–20 in) long, plus 72–81 cm (28–32 in) tail (both species) [64] Habitats: Forest [65] Diets: Leaves, fruit, vines, flowers, bark, nectar, and seeds [64]
Lagothrix (woolly monkey)	É Geoffroy, 1812 Two species L. flavicauda (Yellow-tailed woolly monkey) L. lagotricha (Common woolly monkey)	Western South America	Size range: 44 cm (17 in) long, plus 60 cm (24 in) tail (Yellow-tailed woolly monkey) to 69 cm (27 in) long plus 72 cm (28 in) tail (Common woolly monkey) [66] Habitats: Forest and savanna [67] Diets: Fruit, leaves, insects, seeds, moss, buds, and flowers [66]

Family Callitrichidae

Members of the Callitrichidae family are callitrichids, and include marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins. Callitrichidae comprises 43 extant species in 7 genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – seven genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Callimico	Miranda-Ribeiro, 1922 One species C. goeldii (Goeldi's marmoset)	Western South America	Size: 21–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 25–33 cm (10–13 in) tail [68] Habitats: Forest [69] Diet: Fruit, insects, and fungi, as well as lizards, frogs, and other small vertebrates [68]
Callithrix (Atlantic Forest marmoset)	Erxleben, 1777 Six species C. aurita (Buffy-tufted marmoset) C. flaviceps (Buffy-headed marmoset) C. geoffroyi (White-headed marmoset, pictured) C. jacchus (Common marmoset) C. kuhlii (Wied's marmoset) C. penicillata (Black-tufted marmoset)	Eastern South America	Size range: 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 29 cm (11 in) tail (Common marmoset) to 30 cm (12 in) long plus 41 cm (16 in) tail (Buffy-headed marmoset) [70] Habitats: Forest and savanna [71] Diets: Plant gum, sap, fruit, flowers, nectar, seeds, insects, and spiders, as well as molluscs, small vertebrates, and bird eggs [70]
Cebuella (pygmy marmoset)	Gray, 1866 Two species C. niveiventris (Eastern pygmy marmoset) C. pygmaea (Western pygmy marmoset, pictured)	Western South America	Size range: 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 17 cm (7 in) tail (Western pygmy marmoset) to 30 cm (12 in) long plus 41 cm (16 in) tail (Eastern pygmy marmoset) [72] Habitats: Forest [73] Diets: Tree gum, sap, and resin, as well as insects, small lizards, fruit, flowers, and spiders [72]
Leontocebus (saddle-back tamarin)	Wagner, 1840 Seven species L. cruzlimai (Cruz Lima's saddle-back tamarin) L. fuscus (Lesson's saddle-back tamarin) L. illigeri (Illiger's saddle-back tamarin) L. lagonotus (Red-mantled saddle-back tamarin) L. leucogenys (Andean saddle-back tamarin) L. nigrifrons (Geoffroy's saddle-back tamarin) L. weddelli (Weddell's saddle-back tamarin, pictured)	Central and western South America	Size range: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail (multiple) [74] Habitats: Forest [74] Diets: Fruit, sap, nectar, vegetation, invertebrates, small vertebrates, and eggs [74]
Leontopithecus (lion tamarin)	Lesson, 1840 Four species L. caissara (Superagüi lion tamarin) L. chrysomelas (Golden-headed lion tamarin, pictured) L. chrysopygus (Black lion tamarin) L. rosalia (Golden lion tamarin)	Southeastern South America	Size range: 20 cm (8 in) long, plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (Black lion tamarin) to 37 cm (15 in) long plus 40 cm (16 in) tail (Golden lion tamarin) [75] Habitats: Forest [76] Diets: Spiders, snails, insects, small lizards, eggs, small birds, fruit, flowers, gum, nectar, and vegetables, as well as snakes and other small vertebrates [75]
Mico (marmoset)	Lesson, 1840 Sixteen species M. acariensis (Rio Acarí marmoset) M. argentatus (Silvery marmoset, pictured) M. chrysoleucos (Gold-and-white marmoset) M. emiliae (Emilia's marmoset) M. humeralifer (Santarem marmoset) M. humilis (Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset) M. intermedius (Hershkovitz's marmoset) M. leucippe (White marmoset) M. marcai (Marca's marmoset) M. mauesi (Maués marmoset) M. melanurus (Black-tailed marmoset) M. munduruku (Munduruku marmoset) M. nigriceps (Black-headed marmoset) M. rondoni (Rondon's marmoset) M. saterei (Satéré marmoset) M. schneideri (Schneider's marmoset)	Central South America	Size range: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail (multiple) [77] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna [77] Diets: Sap, gum, fruit, seeds, nuts, insects, snails, spiders, leaves and small vertebrates [77]
Saguinus (tamarin)	Hoffmannsegg, 1807 Seventeen species S. bicolor (Pied tamarin) S. fuscicollis (Brown-mantled tamarin) S. geoffroyi (Geoffroy's tamarin) S. imperator (Emperor tamarin, pictured) S. inustus (Mottle-faced tamarin) S. labiatus (White-lipped tamarin) S. leucopus (White-footed tamarin) S. martinsi (Martins's tamarin) S. melanoleucus (White-mantled tamarin) S. midas (Golden-handed tamarin) S. mystax (Moustached tamarin) S. niger (Black tamarin) S. nigricollis (Black-mantled tamarin) S. oedipus (Cotton-top tamarin) S. pileatus (Red-capped tamarin) S. tripartitus (Golden-mantled tamarin) S. ursula (Eastern black-handed tamarin)	Western, central, and eastern South America and southeastern Central America	Size range: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail (multiple) [78] Habitats: Forest and savanna [78] Diets: Fruit, sap, nectar, gum, seeds, flowers, invertebrates, small vertebrates, eggs, and soil [78]

Family Cebidae

Members of the Cebidae family are cebids, and include capuchin and squirrel monkeys. Cebidae comprises eighteen extant species in three genera, and is divided into the subfamilies Cebinae, or capuchin monkeys, and Saimiriinae, or squirrel monkeys.

Subfamily Cebinae – Bonaparte, 1831 – two genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Cebus (gracile capuchin monkey)	Erxleben, 1777 Four species C. albifrons (Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin) C. capucinus (Colombian white-faced capuchin, pictured) C. kaapori (Kaapori capuchin) C. olivaceus (Wedge-capped capuchin)	Northern and central South America and southeastern Central America	Size range: 30–57 cm (12–22 in) long, plus 30–56 cm (12–22 in) tail (Kaapori capuchin) [79] Habitats: Forest and savanna [80] Diets: Fruit, seeds, berries, nuts, figs, nectar, invertebrates, and small vertebrates [79]
Sapajus (robust capuchin monkey)	Kerr, 1792 Seven species S. apella (Tufted capuchin, pictured) S. cay (Azaras's capuchin) S. flavius (Blond capuchin) S. libidinosus (Black-striped capuchin) S. nigritus (Black capuchin) S. robustus (Crested capuchin) S. xanthosternos (Golden-bellied capuchin)	Northern, central, and eastern South America	Size range: 30–57 cm (12–22 in) long, plus 30–56 cm (12–22 in) tail (multiple) [81] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna [81] Diets: Fruit, seeds, nectar, pith, stems, nuts, berries, flowers, leaves, bird eggs, insects, frogs, small reptiles, birds, bats, other small mammals, oysters, and crabs [81]

Subfamily Saimiriinae – Miller, 1912 – one genus

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Saimiri (squirrel monkey)	Voigt, 1831 Seven species S. boliviensis (Black-capped squirrel monkey) S. cassiquiarensis (Humboldt's squirrel monkey) S. collinsi (Collins' squirrel monkey, pictured) S. oerstedii (Central American squirrel monkey) S. sciureus (Guianan squirrel monkey) S. ustus (Bare-eared squirrel monkey) S. vanzolinii (Black squirrel monkey)	Northern and central South America and southern Central America	Size range: 22 cm (9 in) long, plus 37 cm (15 in) tail (Central American squirrel monkey) to 36 cm (14 in) long plus 43 cm (17 in) tail (Bare-eared squirrel monkey) [82] Habitats: Forest [82] Diets: Fruit, berries, seeds, nuts, gum, nectar, leaves, buds, flowers, insects, arachnids, bird eggs, and small vertebrates [82]

Family Pitheciidae

Members of the Pitheciidae family are pitheciids, and include titis, saki monkeys and uakaris. Pitheciidae comprises 55 extant species in 5 genera, and is divided into the subfamilies Callicebinae, or titis, and Pitheciinae, or saki monkeys and uakaris.

Subfamily Callicebinae – Pocock, 1925 – three genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Callicebus (Atlantic Forest titi monkey)	Thomas, 1903 Five species C. barbarabrownae (Barbara Brown's titi monkey) C. coimbrai (Coimbra Filho's titi monkey) C. melanochir (Coastal black-handed titi monkey) C. nigrifrons (Black-fronted titi monkey) C. personatus (Atlantic titi monkey, pictured)	Eastern South America	Size range: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail (multiple) [83] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna [83] Diets: Fruit, leaves, flowers, seeds, and insects, as well as birds, vegetation, eggs, and small vertebrates and invertebrates [83]
Cheracebus (widow titi monkey)	Byrne et al., 2016 Five species C. lucifer (Lucifer titi monkey) C. lugens (Black titi monkey) C. medemi (Colombian black-handed titi monkey) C. regulus (Red-headed titi monkey) C. torquatus (Collared titi monkey)	Northern South America, Central South America, and Northwestern South America	Size range: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail (multiple) [84] Habitats: Forest and savanna [84] Diets: Fruit, seeds, leaves, stems, flowers, insects, spiders, and bird eggs [84]
Plecturocebus	Byrne et al., 2016 23 species P. aureipalatii (Madidi titi monkey) P. baptista (Baptista Lake titi monkey) P. bernhardi (Prince Bernhard's titi monkey) P. brunneus (Brown titi monkey) P. caligatus (Chestnut-bellied titi monkey) P. caquetensis (Caquetá titi monkey) P. cinerascens (Ashy black titi monkey) P. cupreus (Coppery titi monkey) P. discolor (White-tailed titi monkey) P. donacophilus (White-eared titi monkey) P. dubius (Hershkovitz's titi monkey) P. hoffmannsi (Hoffmanns's titi monkey) P. miltoni (Milton's titi monkey) P. modestus (Rio Beni titi monkey) P. moloch (Red-bellied titi monkey) P. oenanthe (Rio Mayo titi monkey) P. olallae (Olalla brothers' titi monkey) P. ornatus (Ornate titi monkey) P. pallescens (White-coated titi monkey) P. stephennashi (Stephen Nash's titi monkey) P. toppini (Toppin's titi monkey) P. urubambensis (Urubamba brown titi monkey) P. vieirai (Vieira's titi monkey)	Northern, western, and central South America	Size range: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail (multiple) [85] Habitats: Forest and savanna [85] Diets: Fruit, flowers, seeds, leaves, vines, and insects, as well as arthropods, stems, shoots, eggs, and small vertebrates [85]

Subfamily Pitheciinae – Mivart, 1865 – three genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Cacajao (uakari)	Lesson, 1840 Seven species C. ayresi (Aracá uakari) C. calvus (White bald-headed uakari, pictured) C. hosomi (Neblina uakari) C. melanocephalus (Golden-backed uakari) C. novaesi (Novae's bald-headed uakari) C. rubicundus (Red bald-headed uakari) C. ucayalii (Ucayali bald-headed uakari)	Northern and western South America	Size range: 30–57 cm (12–22 in) long, plus 12–21 cm (5–8 in) tail (Aracá uakari) [86] Habitats: Forest and savanna [87] Diets: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, leaves, nectar, insects, and arthropods [86]
Chiropotes (bearded saki)	Lesson, 1840 Five species C. albinasus (White-nosed saki) C. chiropotes (Red-backed bearded saki) C. sagulatus (Reddish-brown bearded saki) C. satanas (Black bearded saki, pictured) C. utahickae (Uta Hick's bearded saki)	Northern, northeastern, and central South America	Size range: 32 cm (13 in) long, plus 37 cm (15 in) tail (Black bearded saki) to 52 cm (20 in) long plus 51 cm (20 in) tail (Reddish-brown bearded saki) [88] Habitats: Forest [89] Diets: Fruit, seeds, nuts, flowers, and insects, as well as stems, arthropods, and leaves [88]
Pithecia (saki monkey)	Desmarest, 1804 Thirteen species P. aequatorialis (Equatorial saki) P. albicans (White-footed saki) P. cazuzai (Cazuza's saki) P. chrysocephala (Golden-faced saki) P. hirsuta (Hairy saki) P. inusta (Burnished saki) P. irrorata (Rio Tapajós saki, pictured) P. isabela (Isabel's saki) P. milleri (Miller's saki) P. monachus (Monk saki) P. napensis (Napo saki) P. pithecia (White-faced saki) P. vanzolinii (Vanzolini's bald-faced saki)	Northern and central South America	Size range: 20 cm (8 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (Napo saki) to 71 cm (28 in) long plus 55 cm (22 in) tail (Burnished saki) [90] Habitats: Forest [90] Diets: Seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and flowers [90]

Infraorder Tarsiiformes

Main article: List of tarsiiformes

Family Tarsiidae

Members of the Tarsiidae family are tarsiids, or colloquially tarsiers. Tarsiidae comprises fourteen extant species in three genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – three genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Carlito	Groves & Shekelle, 2010 One species C. syrichta (Philippine tarsier)	Southeastern Philippines	Size: 8–16 cm (3–6 in) long, plus about 25 cm (10 in) tail [91] Habitats: Forest [92] Diet: Insects, spiders, lizards, and other small vertebrates [91]
Cephalopachus	Swainson, 1835 One species T. bancanus (Horsfield's tarsier)	Western Philippines	Size: 11–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 20–24 cm (8–9 in) tail [93] Habitats: Forest [94] Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates including birds, mammals, and reptiles [95]
Tarsius (tarsier)	Storr, 1780 Twelve species T. dentatus (Dian's tarsier) T. fuscus (Makassar tarsier) T. lariang (Lariang tarsier) T. niemitzi (Niemitz's tarsier) T. pelengensis (Peleng tarsier) T. pumilus (Pygmy tarsier) T. sangirensis (Sangihe tarsier) T. spectrumgurskyae (Gursky's spectral tarsier, pictured) T. supriatnai (Jatna's tarsier) T. tarsier (Spectral tarsier) T. tumpara (Siau Island tarsier) T. wallacei (Wallace's tarsier)	Sulawesi, Indonesia	Size range: 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (Pygmy tarsier) to 15 cm (6 in) long plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (Siau Island tarsier) [96] Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, and caves [96] Diets: Arthropods and insects, as well as small vertebrates [96]

Suborder Strepsirrhini

Superfamily Lemuroidea

Main article: List of lemuroids

Family Cheirogaleidae

Members of the Cheirogaleidae family are cheirogaleids, and include dwarf, mouse, giant mouse, and fork-marked lemurs. Cheirogaleidae comprises 41 extant species in 5 genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – five genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Allocebus	Petter-Rousseaux & Petter, 1967 One species A. trichotis (Hairy-eared dwarf lemur)	Northeastern Madagascar	Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus about 17 cm (7 in) tail [97] Habitats: Forest [98] Diet: Nectar, fruit, gum, leaves, honey, and insects [98]
Cheirogaleus (dwarf lemur)	É Geoffroy, 1812 Ten species C. andysabini (Montagne d'Ambre dwarf lemur) C. crossleyi (Furry-eared dwarf lemur) C. grovesi (Groves' dwarf lemur, pictured) C. lavasoensis (Lavasoa dwarf lemur) C. major (Greater dwarf lemur) C. medius (Fat-tailed dwarf lemur) C. minusculus (Lesser iron-gray dwarf lemur) C. shethi (Ankarana dwarf lemur) C. sibreei (Sibree's dwarf lemur) C. thomasi (Thomas' dwarf lemur)	Madagascar	Size range: 16 cm (6 in) long, plus 18 cm (7 in) tail (Ankarana dwarf lemur) to 27 cm (11 in) long plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (Greater dwarf lemur) [99] Habitats: Forest and shrubland [99] Diets: Fruit, flowers, leaves, seeds, nectar, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and honey [99]
Microcebus (mouse lemur)	É Geoffroy, 1834 24 species M. arnholdi (Arnhold's mouse lemur) M. berthae (Madame Berthe's mouse lemur) M. bongolavensis (Bongolava mouse lemur) M. boraha (Nosy Boraha mouse lemur) M. danfossi (Danfoss's mouse lemur) M. ganzhorni (Ganzhorn's mouse lemur) M. gerpi (Gerp's mouse lemur) M. griseorufus (Reddish-gray mouse lemur) M. jollyae (Jolly's mouse lemur) M. jonahi (Jonah's mouse lemur) M. lehilahytsara (Goodman's mouse lemur) M. macarthurii (MacArthur's mouse lemur) M. mamiratra (Claire's mouse lemur) M. manitatra (Bemanasy mouse lemur) M. margotmarshae (Margot Marsh's mouse lemur) M. marohita (Marohita mouse lemur) M. murinus (Gray mouse lemur) M. myoxinus (Pygmy mouse lemur, pictured) M. ravelobensis (Golden-brown mouse lemur) M. rufus (Brown mouse lemur) M. sambiranensis (Sambirano mouse lemur) M. simmonsi (Simmons' mouse lemur) M. tanosi (Anosy mouse lemur) M. tavaratra (Northern rufous mouse lemur)	Madagascar	Size range: 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 11 cm (4 in) tail (Margot Marsh's mouse lemur) to 16 cm (6 in) long plus 15 cm (6 in) tail (Anosy mouse lemur) [100] Habitats: Forest and shrubland [100] Diets: Gum, insect excretions, nectar, fruit, leaves, flowers, pollen, arthropods, and small vertebrates [100]
Mirza (giant mouse lemur)	Gray, 1870 Two species M. coquereli (Coquerel's giant mouse lemur) M. zaza (Northern giant mouse lemur, pictured)	Western and northern Madagascar	Size range: 23 cm (9 in) long, plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (Coquerel's giant mouse lemur) to 27 cm (11 in) long plus 32 cm (13 in) tail (Coquerel's giant mouse lemur) [101] Habitats: Forest [101] Diets: Fruit, flowers, insect secretions, sap, and invertebrates, as well as small vertebrates [101]
Phaner (fork-marked lemur)	Gray, 1870 Four species P. electromontis (Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur) P. furcifer (Masoala fork-marked lemur) P. pallescens (Pale fork-marked lemur, pictured) P. parienti (Pariente's fork-marked lemur)	Western, northeastern, and northern Madagascar	Size range: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 28–37 cm (11–15 in) tail (multiple) [102] Habitats: Forest [102] Diets: Sap and gum, as well as insects, insect secretions, fruit, flowers, and nectar [102]

Family Daubentoniidae

Members of the Daubentoniidae family are daubentoniids; the family comprises a single extant species, the aye-aye.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Daubentonia	É Geoffroy, 1795 One species D. madagascariensis (Aye-aye)	Western and eastern Madagascar	Size: 36–44 cm (14–17 in) long, plus tail [103] Habitats: Forest and shrubland [104] Diet: Fruit, nuts, and sap [103]

Family Indriidae

Members of the Indriidae family are indriids, and include woolly lemurs, sifakas, and indri. Indriidae comprises nineteen extant species in three genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – three genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Avahi (woolly lemur)	Jourdan, 1834 Nine species A. betsileo (Betsileo woolly lemur) A. cleesei (Bemaraha woolly lemur) A. laniger (Eastern woolly lemur) A. meridionalis (Southern woolly lemur) A. mooreorum (Moore's woolly lemur) A. occidentalis (Western woolly lemur, pictured) A. peyrierasi (Peyrieras's woolly lemur) A. ramanantsoavani (Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur) A. unicolor (Sambirano woolly lemur)	Madagascar	Size range: 25 cm (10 in) long, plus 28 cm (11 in) tail (Betsileo woolly lemur) to 37 cm (15 in) long plus 35 cm (14 in) tail (Bemaraha woolly lemur) [105] Habitats: Forest [105] Diets: Buds and leaves, as well as flowers and fruit [105]
Indri	É. Geoffroy & G. Cuvier, 1796 One species I. indri (Indri)	Northeastern Madagascar	Size: 60–90 cm (24–35 in) long, plus 5–6 cm (2–2 in) tail [106] Habitats: Forest [107] Diet: Fruit, leaves, and flowers [106]
Propithecus (sifaka)	Bennett, 1832 Nine species P. candidus (Silky sifaka) P. coquereli (Coquerel's sifaka) P. coronatus (Crowned sifaka) P. deckenii (Von der Decken's sifaka, pictured) P. diadema (Diademed sifaka) P. edwardsi (Milne-Edwards's sifaka) P. perrieri (Perrier's sifaka) P. tattersalli (Golden-crowned sifaka) P. verreauxi (Verreaux's sifaka)	Madagascar	Size range: 42 cm (17 in) long, plus 50 cm (20 in) tail (Coquerel's sifaka) to 55 cm (22 in) long, plus 56 cm (22 in) tail (Diademed sifaka) [108] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna [108] Diets: Leaves, flowers, fruit, seeds, shoots, and bark, as well as soil [108]

Family Lemuridae

Members of the Lemuridae family are lemurids, and include ring-tailed, true, ruffed, and bamboo lemurs. Indriidae comprises 21 extant species in 5 genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – five genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Eulemur (true lemur)	Simons & Rumpler, 1988 Twelve species E. albifrons (White-headed lemur) E. cinereiceps (Gray-headed lemur) E. collaris (Collared brown lemur) E. coronatus (Crowned lemur) E. flavifrons (Blue-eyed black lemur, pictured) E. fulvus (Common brown lemur) E. macaco (Black lemur) E. mongoz (Mongoose lemur) E. rubriventer (Red-bellied lemur) E. rufifrons (Red-fronted lemur) E. rufus (Red lemur) E. sanfordi (Sanford's brown lemur)	Madagascar	Size range: 30 cm (12 in) long, plus 40 cm (16 in) tail (Black lemur) to 51 cm (20 in) long plus 51 cm (20 in) tail (Common brown lemur) [109] Habitats: Forest [109] Diets: Leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, and pollen, as well as nectar, bark, insects, arthropods, fungi, and soil [109]
Hapalemur (bamboo lemur)	Geoffroy, 1851 Five species H. alaotrensis (Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur) H. aureus (Golden bamboo lemur, pictured) H. griseus (Eastern lesser bamboo lemur) H. meridionalis (Southern lesser bamboo lemur) H. occidentalis (Western lesser bamboo lemur)	Western, northern, and eastern Madagascar	Size range: 24 cm (9 in) long, plus 32 cm (13 in) tail (Southern lesser bamboo lemur) to 34 cm (13 in) long plus 41 cm (16 in) tail (Golden bamboo lemur) [110] Habitats: Inland wetlands and forest [110] Diets: Marsh plants, bamboo, grass, pith, stems, flowers, and leaves, as well as fruit, fungi, and soil [110]
Lemur	Linnaeus, 1758 One species L. catta (Ring-tailed lemur)	Southwestern Madagascar	Size: 39–46 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 56–63 cm (22–25 in) tail [111] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, rocky areas, and caves [112] Diet: Omnivorous, including fruit, leaves, stems, flowers, sap, spiders, spider webs, chameleons, insects, small birds, and termite mounds [111]
Prolemur	Gray, 1871 One species P. simus (Greater bamboo lemur)	Eastern Madagascar	Size: 40–45 cm (16–18 in) long, plus 43–48 cm (17–19 in) tail [113] Habitats: Forest [114] Diet: Bamboo shoots and pith, as well as flowers, leaves, soil, and fruit [113]
Varecia (ruffed lemur)	Gray, 1863 Two species V. rubra (Red ruffed lemur, pictured) V. variegata (Black-and-white ruffed lemur)	Eastern Madagascar	Size range: 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 60 cm (24 in) tail (Black-and-white ruffed lemur) to 50 cm (20 in) long plus 60 cm (24 in) tail (Red ruffed lemur) [115] Habitats: Forest [116] Diets: Fruit, nectar, and pollen, as well as leaves, flower, and seeds [115]

Family Lepilemuridae

Members of the Lepilemuridae family are lepilemurids, or colloquially sportive lemurs. Lepilemuridae comprises 25 extant species in a single genus.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Lepilemur (sportive lemur)	Geoffroy, 1851 25 species L. aeeclis (AEECL's sportive lemur) L. ahmansoni (Ahmanson's sportive lemur) L. ankaranensis (Ankarana sportive lemur) L. betsileo (Betsileo sportive lemur) L. dorsalis (Gray-backed sportive lemur) L. edwardsi (Milne-Edwards' sportive lemur) L. fleuretae (Fleurete's sportive lemur) L. grewcocki (Grewcock's sportive lemur) L. hollandorum (Holland's sportive lemur) L. hubbardi (Hubbard's sportive lemur, pictured) L. jamesi (James' sportive lemur) L. leucopus (White-footed sportive lemur) L. microdon (Small-toothed sportive lemur) L. milanoii (Daraina sportive lemur) L. mustelinus (Weasel sportive lemur) L. otto (Otto's sportive lemur) L. petteri (Petter's sportive lemur) L. randrianasoloi (Randrianasolo's sportive lemur) L. ruficaudatus (Red-tailed sportive lemur) L. sahamalaza (Sahamalaza sportive lemur) L. scottorum (Scott's sportive lemur) L. seali (Seal's sportive lemur) L. septentrionalis (Northern sportive lemur) L. tymerlachsoni (Hawks' sportive lemur) L. wrighti (Wright's sportive lemur)	Madagascar	Size range: 23 cm (9 in) long, plus 26 cm (10 in) tail (Gray-backed sportive lemur) to 41 cm (16 in) long plus 27 cm (11 in) tail (Hawks' sportive lemur) [117] Habitats: Forest [117] Diets: Leaves, vines, fruit, flowers, spiders, and insects, as well as seeds, pollen, latex, and bark [117]

Superfamily Lorisoidea

Main article: List of lorisoids

Family Galagidae

Members of the Galagidae family are galagids, or colloquially galagos or bush babies. Galagidae comprises nineteen extant species in six genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – six genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Euoticus (needle-clawed bushbaby)	Gray, 1863 Two species E. elegantulus (Southern needle-clawed bushbaby) E. pallidus (Northern needle-clawed bushbaby, pictured)	Western equatorial Africa	Size range: 18–33 cm (7–13 in) long, plus 28–31 cm (11–12 in) tail (Northern needle-clawed bushbaby) [118] Habitats: Forest [118] Diets: Tree gums and resins, as well as invertebrates [118]
Galago (lesser bushbaby)	É Geoffroy, 1796 Four species G. gallarum (Somali bushbaby) G. matschiei (Dusky bushbaby) G. moholi (Mohol bushbaby) G. senegalensis (Senegal bushbaby, pictured)	Equatorial and southern Africa	Size range: 13–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 19–30 cm (7–12 in) tail (Senegal bushbaby) [119] Habitats: Forest and savanna [120] Diets: Invertebrates, fruit, flowers, and gum, as well as small birds, eggs, and seeds [119]
Galagoides (western dwarf galago)	A. Smith, 1833 Three species G. demidoff (Prince Demidoff's bushbaby, pictured) G. kumbirensis (Angolan dwarf galago) G. thomasi (Thomas's bushbaby)	Western and central equatorial Africa	Size range: 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 15 cm (6 in) tail (Prince Demidoff's bushbaby) to 18 cm (7 in) long plus 21 cm (8 in) tail (Angolan dwarf galago) [121] Habitats: Forest and shrubland [122] Diets: Insects, as well as fruit, gum, small vertebrates, tree buds, and leaves [121]
Otolemur (greater galago)	Coquerel, 1859 Two species O. crassicaudatus (Brown greater galago, pictured) O. garnettii (Northern greater galago)	Southern and eastern Africa	Size range: 23 cm (9 in) long, plus 36 cm (14 in) tail (Northern greater galago) to 38 cm (15 in) long plus 48 cm (19 in) tail (Brown greater galago) [123] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna [124] Diets: Gum, sap, fruit, and insects [123]
Paragalago (eastern dwarf galago)	Masters, Génin, Couette, Groves, Nash, Delpero, & Pozzi, 2017 Five species P. cocos (Kenya coast galago, pictured) P. granti (Grant's bushbaby) P. orinus (Uluguru bushbaby) P. rondoensis (Rondo dwarf galago) P. zanzibaricus (Zanzibar bushbaby)	Southeastern Africa	Size range: 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 17 cm (7 in) tail (Rondo dwarf galago) to 19 cm (7 in) long plus 27 cm (11 in) tail (Grant's bushbaby) [125] Habitats: Forest [126] Diets: Fruit, gum, nectar, invertebrates, small vertebrates, and flowers [125]
Sciurocheirus (squirrel galago)	Waterhouse, 1838 Three species S. alleni (Bioko Allen's bushbaby, pictured) S. gabonensis (Gabon bushbaby) S. makandensis (Makandé squirrel galago)	Western equatorial Africa	Size range: 15–24 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tail (Bioko Allen's bushbaby) [127] Habitats: Forest [128] Diets: Arthropods, insects, fruit, and gum, as well as small mammals [127]

Family Lorisidae

Members of the Lorisidae family are lorisids, and include lorises, pottos and angwantibos. Lorisidae comprises sixteen extant species in five genera, and is divided into the subfamilies Lorisinae, or lorises, and Perodicticinae, or the angwantibos and pottos.

Subfamily Lorisinae – Gray, 1821 – three genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Loris (slender loris)	É Geoffroy, 1796 Two species L. lydekkerianus (Gray slender loris) L. tardigradus (Red slender loris, pictured)	Sri Lanka and Southern India	Size range: 18 cm (7 in) long with no tail (Gray slender loris) to 26 cm (10 in) long with no tail (Red slender loris) [129] Habitats: Forest [130] Diets: Insects, as well as tree frogs, geckos, small birds, eggs, and fruit [129]
Nycticebus (slow loris)	É Geoffroy, 1812 Eight species N. bancanus (Bangka slow loris) N. bengalensis (Bengal slow loris) N. borneanus (Bornean slow loris) N. coucang (Sunda slow loris) N. hilleri (Sumatran slow loris) N. javanicus (Javan slow loris, pictured) N. kayan (Kayan River slow loris) N. menagensis (Philippine slow loris)	Southeastern Asia (blue and brown)	Size range: 26 cm (10 in) long with no tail (Bangka slow loris) to 38 cm (15 in) long, with vestigial tail (Bengal slow loris) [131] Habitats: Forest [132] Diets: Resin, sap, gum, nectar, stems, fruit, invertebrates, lizards, bark, and bird eggs [131]
Xanthonycticebus	Nekaris & Nijman, 2022 One species X. pygmaeus (Pygmy slow loris)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 15–25 cm (6–10 in) long, with no tail [133] Habitats: Forest [134] Diet: Insects, gum, resin, fruit, and bamboo [133]

Subfamily Perodicticinae – Gray, 1870 – two genera

Name	Authority and species	Range	Size and ecology
Arctocebus (angwantibo)	Gray, 1863 Two species A. aureus (Golden angwantibo) A. calabarensis (Calabar angwantibo, pictured)	Western equatorial Africa	Size range: 22 cm (9 in) long, plus vestigial tail (Golden angwantibo) to 31 cm (12 in) long plus 10 cm (4 in) tail (Calabar angwantibo) [135] Habitats: Forest [136] Diets: Insects and fruit, as well as gum [135]
Perodicticus (potto)	Bennett, 1831 Three species P. edwarsi (Central African potto) P. ibeanus (East African potto) P. potto (West African potto, pictured)	Western and central Africa	Size range: 29 cm (11 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (East African potto) to 39 cm (15 in) long plus 10 cm (4 in) tail (West African potto) [137] Habitats: Forest [138] Diets: Fruit, gum, nectar, invertebrates, and eggs, as well as moss and small vertebrates [137]

References

1. Pough, ch. "Characteristics of Primates"
2. Pough, pp. 269–289
3. Cartmill; Smith p. 90
4. Wilson, Reeder, pp. 114–184
5. Kingdon 2015, p. 143
6. Maisels, F.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Allenopithecus nigroviridis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T865A166606573. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T865A166606573.en .
7. Sides, Corey (2023). "Allenopithecus nigroviridis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
8. Allochrocebus sizes and diets:
   • L'Hoest's monkey: Ferguson, Bess (2011). "Cercopithecus lhoesti". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
   • Preuss's monkey: Kingdon 2015, p. 156
   • Sun-tailed monkey: Kingdon 2015, p. 157
9. Allochrocebus habitats:
   • L'Hoest's monkey: Ukizintambara, T.; et al. (2019). "Allochrocebus lhoesti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T4220A92345122. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4220A92345122.en .
   • Preuss's monkey: Cronin, D. T.; et al. (2019) [errata version of 2019 assessment]. "Allochrocebus preussi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T4227A161178708. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T4227A161178708.en .
   • Sun-tailed monkey: Abernethy, K.; et al. (2019) [errata version of 2019 assessment]. "Allochrocebus solatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T4230A154209091. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T4230A154209091.en .
10. Cercocebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Agile mangabey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 136
      • Maisels, F.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Cercocebus agilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136615A167735266. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T136615A167735266.en .
    • Collared mangabey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 134
      • Maisels, F.; et al. (2019) [errata version of 2019 assessment]. "Cercocebus torquatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T4201A154210757. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T4201A154210757.en .
    • Golden-bellied mangabey:
      • Patterson, Haley (2017). "Cercocebus chrysogaster". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
      • Hart, J. A.; et al. (2020). "Cercocebus chrysogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T4207A17956177. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4207A17956177.en .
    • Sanje mangabey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 137
      • McCabe, G; et al. (2019). "Cercocebus sanjei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T4203A17955753. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4203A17955753.en .
    • Sooty mangabey:
      • Lee, Scarlett (2012). "Cercocebus atys". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
      • Koné, I.; et al. (2020). "Cercocebus atys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136933A92248451. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136933A92248451.en .
    • Tana River mangabey:
      • Mittl, Gregory (2011). "Cercocebus galeritus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
      • Butynski, T. M.; et al. (2020). "Cercocebus galeritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T4200A17956330. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4200A17956330.en .
    • White-naped mangabey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 134
      • Dempsey, A.; et al. (2020). "Cercocebus lunulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T4206A92247733. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4206A92247733.en .
      • Kingdon 2014, p. 184
11. Cercopithecus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Blue monkey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 175
      • Butynski, T. M.; et al. (2019) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Cercopithecus mitis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T4221A196007901. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4221A196007901.en .
      • Strawder, Nicole (2001). "Cercopithecus mitis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Campbell's mona monkey:
      • Leinberger, Kaitlynn (2022). "Cercopithecus campbelli". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
      • Matsuda Goodwin, R.; et al. (2020). "Cercopithecus campbelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136930A92374066. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136930A92374066.en .
    • Crested mona monkey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 168
      • Maisels, F.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Cercopithecus pogonias". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T92411527A197301301. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T92411527A197301301.en .
    • De Brazza's monkey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 161
      • Mwenja, I.; et al. (2019). "Cercopithecus neglectus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T4223A17947167. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4223A17947167.en .
      • Stein, Joshua (2002). "Cercopithecus neglectus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 26, 2023. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
    • Dent's mona monkey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 166
      • Detwiler, K. M.; et al. (2020). "Cercopithecus denti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136885A92413658. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136885A92413658.en .
    • Diana monkey:
      • Kennedy, Karen (2023). "Cercopithecus diana". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
      • Koné, I.; et al. (2019). "Cercopithecus diana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T4245A92384250. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4245A92384250.en .
    • Greater spot-nosed monkey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 174
      • Cronin, D. T.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2022 assessment]. "Cercopithecus nictitans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T4224A222904443. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T4224A222904443.en .
      • Neinast, Alexandra (2012). "Cercopithecus nictitans". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 26, 2023. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
    • Hamlyn's monkey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 170
      • Hart, J.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Cercopithecus hamlyni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T4219A166615690. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T4219A166615690.en .
      • Bharti, Nita (2000). "Cercopithecus hamlyni". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Lesser spot-nosed monkey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 179
      • Matsuda Goodwin, R.; et al. (2020). "Cercopithecus petaurista". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T4225A17945536. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4225A17945536.en .
    • Lesula:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 171
      • Detwiler, K. M.; et al. (2020). "Cercopithecus lomamiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T92401376A92401776. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T92401376A92401776.en .
      • Antosh, Bonnie (2013). "Cercopithecus lomamiensis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 16, 2023. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
    • Lowe's mona monkey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 165
      • Wiafe, E.; et al. (2019). "Cercopithecus lowei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T136931A92373680. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T136931A92373680.en .
    • Mona monkey:
      • Liu, Sonia (2000). "Cercopithecus mona". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on February 20, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
      • Matsuda Goodwin, R.; et al. (2020). "Cercopithecus mona". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T4222A17946672. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4222A17946672.en .
    • Moustached guenon:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 181
      • Abernethy, K.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Cercopithecus cephus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T4214A166614362. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T4214A166614362.en .
      • Miretti, Juan (2006). "Cercopithecus cephus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Red-eared guenon:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 182
      • Hofner, A.; et al. (2020). "Cercopithecus erythrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T4218A17946043. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4218A17946043.en .
    • Red-tailed monkey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 183
      • de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2019). "Cercopithecus ascanius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T4212A17947340. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4212A17947340.en .
      • Davis, Sarah (2002). "Cercopithecus ascanius". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on April 1, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Roloway monkey:
      • Johnson, Kelsey (2015). "Cercopithecus roloway". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 18, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
      • Koné, I.; et al. (2019). "Cercopithecus roloway". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T4232A92384429. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T4232A92384429.en .
    • Sclater's guenon:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 180
      • Baker, L.; et al. (2019). "Cercopithecus sclateri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T4229A17945814. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T4229A17945814.en .
      • Law, Jason (2004). "Cercopithecus sclateri". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 26, 2023. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
    • White-throated guenon:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 179
      • Matsuda Goodwin, R.; et al. (2020). "Cercopithecus erythrogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T4217A17946182. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4217A17946182.en .
    • Wolf's mona monkey:
      • Platter, Branden (2008). "Cercopithecus wolfi". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
      • Hart, J. A.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Cercopithecus wolfi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T92466239A166601223. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T92466239A166601223.en .
12. Chlorocebus sizes and diets:
    • Bale Mountains vervet:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 152
      • Kingdon 2014, p. 289
    • Dryas monkey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 158
      • Hart, J. A.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Cercopithecus dryas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T4216A210337242. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T4216A210337242.en .
    • Green monkey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 152
      • Keller, Matthew (2010). "Chlorocebus sabaeus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Grivet: Rochester, Melissa Jill (2023). "Chlorocebus aethiops". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on April 1, 2023. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
    • Malbrouck: Kingdon 2014, p. 286
    • Tantalus monkey: Kingdon 2015, p. 151
    • Vervet monkey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 151
      • Kingdon 2014, p. 279
13. Chlorocebus habitats:
    • Bale Mountains vervet: Butynski, T. M.; et al. (2022). "Chlorocebus djamdjamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T4240A205910680. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T4240A205910680.en .
    • Dryas monkey: Hart, J. A.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Cercopithecus dryas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T4216A210337242. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T4216A210337242.en .
    • Green monkey: Gonedelé Bi, S.; et al. (2020). "Chlorocebus sabaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136265A17958099. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136265A17958099.en .
    • Grivet: Butynski, T. M.; et al. (2022). "Chlorocebus aethiops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T4233A214886892. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T4233A214886892.en .
    • Malbrouck: Wallis, J. (2019). "Chlorocebus cynosuros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T136291A17957592. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136291A17957592.en .
    • Tantalus monkey: Wallis, J. (2020). "Chlorocebus tantalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136208A17958272. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136208A17958272.en .
    • Vervet monkey: Butynski, T. M.; et al. (2022). "Chlorocebus pygerythrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T136271A205998680. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T136271A205998680.en .
14. Erythrocebus sizes and diets:
    • Blue Nile patas monkey, Southern patas monkey: Kingdon 2014, pp. 259, 264
    • Common patas monkey: Bonadio, Christopher (2000). "Erythrocebus patas". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
15. Erythrocebus habitats:
    • Blue Nile patas monkey: Gippoliti, S.; et al. (2020). "Erythrocebus poliophaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T164377509A164377626. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T164377509A164377626.en .
    • Common patas monkey: De Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Erythrocebus patas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T174391079A217739569. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T174391079A217739569.en .
    • Southern patas monkey: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2020). "Erythrocebus baumstarki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T92252436A92252442. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T92252436A92252442.en .
16. Lophocebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Black crested mangabey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 126
      • Maisels, F.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Lophocebus aterrimus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12310A166607638. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T12310A166607638.en .
    • Grey-cheeked mangabey:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 125
      • Maisels, F.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Lophocebus albigena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12309A166607033. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T12309A166607033.en .
17. Macaca sizes and diets:
    • Toque macaque:
      • Nowak 1999b, pp. 140, 142
      • Kanelos, Matthew (2009). "Macaca sinica". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Arunachal macaque, Assam macaque, Booted macaque, Gorontalo macaque, Heck's macaque, Moor macaque, Muna-Buton macaque, Pagai Island macaque, Tonkean macaque, White-cheeked macaque: Nowak 1999b, pp. 140, 142
    • Barbary macaque: Jinn, Judy (2011). "Macaca sylvanus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Bonnet macaque:
      • Nowak 1999b, pp. 140, 142
      • Brown, Monica (2008). "Macaca radiata". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on April 1, 2023. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
    • Celebes crested macaque: Bichell, Rae Ellen (2011). "Macaca nigra". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Crab-eating macaque:
      • Hansen, M. F.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2022 assessment]. "Macaca fascicularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T12551A221666136. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T12551A221666136.en .
    • Formosan rock macaque: Chiu, Crystal (2001). "Macaca cyclopis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Japanese macaque:
      • Nowak 1999b, pp. 140, 142
      • hardman, brandon (2011). "Macaca fuscata". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Lion-tailed macaque: Strawder, Nicole (2001). "Macaca silenus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Northern pig-tailed macaque:
      • Nowak 1999b, pp. 140, 142
      • Boonratana, R.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Macaca leonina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T39792A217754289. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39792A217754289.en .
    • Rhesus macaque:
      • Seinfeld, Joshua (2000). "Macaca mulatta". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 16, 2023. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
      • Singh, M.; et al. (2020). "Macaca mulatta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12554A17950825. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12554A17950825.en .
    • Siberut macaque:
      • Nowak 1999b, pp. 140, 142
      • Traeholt, C.; et al. (2020). "Macaca siberu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39795A17949710. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39795A17949710.en .
    • Southern pig-tailed macaque: Ayers, Kayla; et al. (2009). "Macaca nemestrina". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on April 15, 2023. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
    • Stump-tailed macaque: Erfurth, Charlotte (2008). "Macaca arctoides". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Tibetan macaque:
      • Nowak 1999b, pp. 140, 142
      • Yongcheng, L.; et al. (2020). "Macaca thibetana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12562A17948236. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12562A17948236.en .
18. Macaca habitats:
    • Toque macaque: Dittus, W.; et al. (2020). "Macaca sinica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12560A17951229. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12560A17951229.en .
    • Arunachal macaque: Kumar, A.; et al. (2020). "Macaca munzala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136569A17948833. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136569A17948833.en .
    • Assam macaque: Boonratana, R.; et al. (2020). "Macaca assamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12549A17950189. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12549A17950189.en .
    • Barbary macaque: Wallis, J.; et al. (2020). "Macaca sylvanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12561A50043570. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12561A50043570.en .
    • Bonnet macaque: Singh, M.; et al. (2020). "Macaca radiata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12558A17951596. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12558A17951596.en .
    • Booted macaque: Riley, E.; et al. (2021). "Macaca ochreata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39793A17985872. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39793A17985872.en .
    • Celebes crested macaque: Lee, R.; et al. (2020). "Macaca nigra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12556A17950422. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12556A17950422.en .
    • Crab-eating macaque: Bonadio, Christopher (2000). "Macaca fascicularis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Formosan rock macaque: Wu, H.; et al. (2020). "Macaca cyclopis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12550A17949875. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12550A17949875.en .
    • Gorontalo macaque: Lee, R.; et al. (2020). "Macaca nigrescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12568A17948400. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12568A17948400.en .
    • Heck's macaque: Lee, R.; et al. (2020). "Macaca hecki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12570A17948969. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12570A17948969.en .
    • Japanese macaque: Watanabe, K.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Macaca fuscata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12552A195347803. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12552A195347803.en .
    • Lion-tailed macaque: Singh, M.; et al. (2020). "Macaca silenus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12559A17951402. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12559A17951402.en .
    • Moor macaque: Riley, E.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Macaca maura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12553A197831931. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12553A197831931.en .
    • Muna-Buton macaque: Lee, R.; et al. (2021). "Macaca brunnescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T12569A17985924. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T12569A17985924.en .
    • Northern pig-tailed macaque: Boonratana, R.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Macaca leonina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T39792A217754289. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39792A217754289.en .
    • Pagai Island macaque: Setiawan, A.; et al. (2020). "Macaca pagensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39794A17949995. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39794A17949995.en .
    • Rhesus macaque: Singh, M.; et al. (2020). "Macaca mulatta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12554A17950825. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12554A17950825.en .
    • Siberut macaque: Traeholt, C.; et al. (2020). "Macaca siberu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39795A17949710. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39795A17949710.en .
    • Southern pig-tailed macaque: Ruppert, N.; et al. (2022). "Macaca nemestrina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T12555A215350982. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T12555A215350982.en .
    • Stump-tailed macaque: Chetry, D.; et al. (2020). "Macaca arctoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12548A185202632. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12548A185202632.en .
    • Tibetan macaque: Yongcheng, L.; et al. (2020). "Macaca thibetana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12562A17948236. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12562A17948236.en .
    • Tonkean macaque: Riley, E.; et al. (2020). "Macaca tonkeana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12563A17947990. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12563A17947990.en .
    • White-cheeked macaque: Fan, P. F.; et al. (2022). "Macaca leucogenys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T205889816A205890248. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T205889816A205890248.en .
19. Mandrillus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Drill:
      • Briercheck, Ken (2023). "Mandrillus leucophaeus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
      • Gadsby, E. L.; et al. (2020). "Mandrillus leucophaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12753A17952490. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12753A17952490.en .
    • Mandrill:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 129
      • Abernethy, K.; et al. (2019). "Mandrillus sphinx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T12754A17952325. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T12754A17952325.en .
      • Ingmarsson, Lisa (2023). "Mandrillus sphinx". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on May 15, 2023. Retrieved August 16, 2023.
20. Miopithecus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Angolan talapoin:
      • Frederick, Bridget (2002). "Miopithecus talapoin". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on November 4, 2022. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
      • Maisels, F.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Miopithecus talapoin". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T13572A166605916. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T13572A166605916.en .
    • Gabon talapoin:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 145
      • Maisels, F. (2019). "Miopithecus ogouensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41570A17953573. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41570A17953573.en .
21. Papio sizes and diets:
    • Chacma baboon: Shefferly, Nancy (2004). "Papio ursinus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Guinea baboon: Shefferly, Nancy (2004). "Papio papio". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on February 10, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Hamadryas baboon: Shefferly, Nancy (2004). "Papio hamadryas". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on April 1, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Kinda baboon:
      • Kingdon 2014, p. 232
      • Wallis, J.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Papio kindae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136848A190319676. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136848A190319676.en .
    • Olive baboon:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 120
      • Shefferly, Nancy (2004). "Papio anubis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Yellow baboon: Shefferly, Nancy (2004). "Papio cynocephalus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
22. Papio habitats:
    • Chacma baboon: Sithaldeen, R. (2019) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Papio ursinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T16022A168568698. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T16022A168568698.en .
    • Guinea baboon: Wallis, J.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Papio papio". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T16018A190269269. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T16018A190269269.en .
    • Hamadryas baboon: Gippoliti, S. (2019). "Papio hamadryas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T16019A17953082. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T16019A17953082.en .
    • Kinda baboon: Wallis, J.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Papio kindae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136848A190319676. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136848A190319676.en .
    • Olive baboon: Wallis, J. (2020). "Papio anubis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T40647A17953200. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T40647A17953200.en .
    • Yellow baboon: Wallis, J. (2020). "Papio cynocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T92250442A92251260. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T92250442A92251260.en .
23. Kingdon 2015, p. 123
24. Davenport, T. (2019). "Rungwecebus kipunji". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T136791A17961368. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136791A17961368.en .
25. Kingdon 2015, p. 127
26. Gippoliti, S.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Theropithecus gelada". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T21744A217754712. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T21744A217754712.en .
27. Colobus sizes and diets:
    • Angola colobus: Thompson, Brandon (2002). "Colobus angolensis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Black colobus: Lane, Whitney (2011). "Colobus satanas". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • King colobus: Landes, Devon (2000). "Colobus polykomos". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Mantled guereza: Kim, Kenneth (2002). "Colobus guereza". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Ursine colobus:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 114
      • Walker, Shannon (2009). "Colobus vellerosus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
28. Colobus habitats:
    • Angola colobus: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2020). "Colobus angolensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T5142A17945007. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T5142A17945007.en .
    • Black colobus: Maisels, F.; et al. (2020). "Colobus satanas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T5145A17944405. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T5145A17944405.en .
    • King colobus: Gonedelé Bi, S.; et al. (2020). "Colobus polykomos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T5144A17944855. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T5144A17944855.en .
    • Mantled guereza: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2019). "Colobus guereza". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T5143A17944705. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T5143A17944705.en .
    • Ursine colobus: Matsuda Goodwin, R.; et al. (2020). "Colobus vellerosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T5146A169472127. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T5146A169472127.en .
29. Nowak 1999b, p. 155
30. Boonratana, R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Nasalis larvatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T14352A195372486. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T14352A195372486.en .
31. Woltanski, Amy (2004). "Nasalis larvatus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 23, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
32. Piliocolobus sizes and diets:
    • Bouvier's red colobus, Foa's red colobus, Lomami red colobus, Lang's red colobus, Niger Delta red colobus, Oustalet's red colobus, Preuss's red colobus, Semliki red colobus, Udzungwa red colobus, Ugandan red colobus: Kingdon 2015, p. 103
    • Miss Waldron's red colobus: Kingdon 2015, p. 110
    • Pennant's colobus: Gilbert, Kasi (2011). "Piliocolobus pennantii". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Tana River red colobus: Jones, Jeremy (2002). "Piliocolobus rufomitratus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Thollon's red colobus:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 103
      • Detwiler, K. M.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus tholloni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18257A166598109. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18257A166598109.en .
    • Western red colobus:
      • McGraw, S.; et al. (2020). "Piliocolobus badius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T161247840A161259430. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T161247840A161259430.en .
    • Zanzibar red colobus:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 103
      • Smit, Josephine (2012). "Piliocolobus kirkii". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
33. Piliocolobus habitats:
    • Bouvier's red colobus: Maisels, F.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Piliocolobus bouvieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T18250A210339606. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T18250A210339606.en .
    • Foa's red colobus: Hart, J.; et al. (2020). "Piliocolobus foai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18252A92659769. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18252A92659769.en .
    • Lomami red colobus: Hart, J. A.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus parmentieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T40648A166604269. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T40648A166604269.en .
    • Lang's red colobus: Hart, J.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus langi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18261A166605018. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18261A166605018.en .
    • Miss Waldron's red colobus: Oates, J. F.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus waldroni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18248A166620835. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18248A166620835.en .
    • Niger Delta red colobus: Ikemeh, R.; et al. (2019). "Piliocolobus epieni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41024A92656391. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41024A92656391.en .
    • Oustalet's red colobus: Hart, J.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus oustaleti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18255A166598553. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18255A166598553.en .
    • Pennant's colobus: Cronin, D. T. (2019). "Piliocolobus pennantii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41025A92653653. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41025A92653653.en .
    • Preuss's red colobus: Linder, J.; et al. (2019). "Piliocolobus preussi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41026A92633245. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41026A92633245.en .
    • Semliki red colobus: Maisels, F.; et al. (2020). "Piliocolobus semlikiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T92657343A92657454. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T92657343A92657454.en .
    • Tana River red colobus: Butynski, T. M.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus rufomitratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136939A166599765. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T136939A166599765.en .
    • Thollon's red colobus: Detwiler, K. M.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus tholloni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18257A166598109. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18257A166598109.en .
    • Udzungwa red colobus: Rovero, F.; et al. (2019). "Piliocolobus gordonorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T40015A92629595. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T40015A92629595.en .
    • Ugandan red colobus: Struhsaker, T. T.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Piliocolobus tephrosceles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18256A171760021. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18256A171760021.en .
    • Western red colobus: Vasselin, Kathleen (2011). "Piliocolobus badius". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Zanzibar red colobus: Davenport, T. (2019) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Piliocolobus kirkii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T39992A168568335. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39992A168568335.en .
34. Presbytis sizes and diets:
    • Black Sumatran langur:
      • Nowak 1999a, pp. 599–600
      • Traeholt, C.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis sumatranus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136912A17986913. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136912A17986913.en .
    • Black-and-white langur, East Sumatran banded langur, Siberut langur, Mentawai langur, Miller's langur, Mitered langur, Natuna Island surili, Raffles' banded langur, Robinson's banded langur, Sabah grizzled langur, Sarawak surili, White-fronted surili, White-thighed surili: Nowak 1999a, pp. 599–600
    • Black-crested Sumatran langur:
      • Nowak 1999a, pp. 599–600
      • Tedesco, Dana (2006). "Presbytis melalophos". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Hose's langur:
      • Nowak 1999a, pp. 599–600
      • Nijman, V.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Presbytis hosei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T175648870A195370322. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T175648870A195370322.en .
    • Javan surili:
      • Nowak 1999a, pp. 599–600
      • Nijman, V.; et al. (2022). "Presbytis comata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T210369485A210370097. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T210369485A210370097.en .
    • Maroon leaf monkey:
      • Nowak 1999a, pp. 599–600
      • Cheyne, S.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis rubicunda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18131A17953935. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18131A17953935.en .
    • Thomas's langur: Matthews, Mika (2004). "Presbytis thomasi". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
35. Presbytis habitats:
    • Black Sumatran langur: Traeholt, C.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis sumatranus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136912A17986913. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136912A17986913.en .
    • Black-and-white langur: Nijman, V. (2021). "Presbytis bicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39812A206547286. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T39812A206547286.en .
    • Black-crested Sumatran langur: Nijman, V.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis melalophos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39811A17954271. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39811A17954271.en .
    • East Sumatran banded langur: Rizaldi, Ang; et al. (2021). "Presbytis percura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39805A205841390. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T39805A205841390.en .
    • Hose's langur: Nijman, V.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Presbytis hosei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T175648870A195370322. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T175648870A195370322.en .
    • Javan surili: Nijman, V.; et al. (2022). "Presbytis comata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T210369485A210370097. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T210369485A210370097.en .
    • Maroon leaf monkey: Cheyne, S.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis rubicunda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18131A17953935. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18131A17953935.en .
    • Siberut langur: Quinten, M; et al. (2020). "Presbytis siberu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39816A17986963. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39816A17986963.en .
    • Mentawai langur: Setiawan, A.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis potenziani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39815A17954456. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39815A17954456.en .
    • Miller's langur: Cheyne, S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Presbytis canicrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39808A200247353. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T39808A200247353.en .
    • Mitered langur: Nijman, V.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis mitrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39813A17986718. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39813A17986718.en .
    • Natuna Island surili: Setiawan, A.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis natunae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136500A17955492. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136500A17955492.en .
    • Raffles' banded langur: Ang, A.; et al. (2022). "Presbytis femoralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T39801A215090780. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39801A215090780.en .
    • Robinson's banded langur: Ang, A.; et al. (2021). "Presbytis robinsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39806A205875703. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T39806A205875703.en .
    • Sabah grizzled langur: Setiawan, A.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis sabana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39810A17987041. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39810A17987041.en .
    • Sarawak surili: Nijman, V.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis chrysomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39803A17955321. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39803A17955321.en .
    • Thomas's langur: Setiawan, A.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis thomasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18132A17954139. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18132A17954139.en .
    • White-fronted surili: Cheyne, S.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis frontata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18127A17954836. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18127A17954836.en .
    • White-thighed surili: Ang, A.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis siamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18134A17953755. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18134A17953755.en .
36. Kingdon 2015, p. 102
37. Oates, J. F.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Procolobus verus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18245A166610679. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18245A166610679.en .
38. Thompson, Leah (2002). "Procolobus verus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
39. Pygathrix sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Black-shanked douc:
      • Petter; Desbordes, p. 118
      • Duc, H.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Pygathrix nigripes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39828A196138291. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39828A196138291.en .
    • Gray-shanked douc:
      • Petter; Desbordes, p. 118
      • Long, H. T.; et al. (2020). "Pygathrix cinerea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39827A17941672. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39827A17941672.en .
      • Berger, Matt (2009). "Pygathrix cinerea". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on January 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Red-shanked douc:
      • Hara, Carla (2003). "Pygathrix nemaeus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
      • Coudrat, C. N. Z.; et al. (2020). "Pygathrix nemaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39826A17941247. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39826A17941247.en .
40. Rhinopithecus sizes and diets:
    • Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey: Deng, Xin (2020). "Rhinopithecus bieti". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Golden snub-nosed monkey: Munoz, Peter (2023). "Rhinopithecus roxellana". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Gray snub-nosed monkey: "Grey snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi)". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on September 9, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
    • Myanmar snub-nosed monkey:
      • Geissmann, T.; et al. (2011). "A new species of snub-nosed monkey, genus Rhinopithecus Milne-Edwards, 1872 (Primates, Colobinae), from northern Kachin state, northeastern Myanmar". American Journal of Primatology . 73 (1): 96–107. doi:10.1002/ajp.20894. PMID   20981682. S2CID   467234. Archived from the original on June 8, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
      • Yang, Y.; et al. (2019). "First insights into the feeding habits of the Critically Endangered black snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopithecus strykeri (Colobinae, Primates)". Primates . 60 (2): 143–153. doi:10.1007/s10329-019-00717-0. PMID   30847671. S2CID   71145324.
    • Tonkin snub-nosed monkey: Cherka, Rachel (2014). "Rhinopithecus avunculus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
41. Rhinopithecus habitats:
    • Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey: Long, Y.; et al. (2020). "Rhinopithecus bieti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T19597A17943738. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19597A17943738.en .
    • Golden snub-nosed monkey: Yongcheng, L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Rhinopithecus roxellana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T19596A196491153. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19596A196491153.en .
    • Gray snub-nosed monkey: Long, Y.; et al. (2022). "Rhinopithecus brelichi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T19595A215621115. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T19595A215621115.en .
    • Myanmar snub-nosed monkey: Geissmann, T.; et al. (2020). "Rhinopithecus strykeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T13508501A17943490. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13508501A17943490.en .
    • Tonkin snub-nosed monkey: Quyet, L. K.; et al. (2020). "Rhinopithecus avunculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T19594A17944213. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19594A17944213.en .
42. Semnopithecus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Black-footed gray langur:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 160
      • Singh, M.; et al. (2020). "Semnopithecus hypoleucos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T167543916A17942313. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T167543916A17942313.en .
    • Kashmir gray langur:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 160
      • Kumar, A.; et al. (2020). "Semnopithecus ajax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39833A17943210. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39833A17943210.en .
    • Nepal gray langur:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 160
      • Singh, M.; et al. (2020). "Semnopithecus schistaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39840A17942792. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39840A17942792.en .
    • Nilgiri langur:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 160
      • Singh, M.; et al. (2020). "Semnopithecus johnii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T44694A17958623. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T44694A17958623.en .
    • Northern plains gray langur:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 160
      • Kumara, H. N.; et al. (2020). "Semnopithecus entellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39832A17942050. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39832A17942050.en .
      • Semke, Rebecca (2011). "Semnopithecus entellus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Tarai gray langur:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 160
      • Singh, M.; et al. (2020). "Semnopithecus hector". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39837A17942651. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39837A17942651.en .
    • Tufted gray langur:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 160
      • Singh, M.; et al. (2020). "Semnopithecus priam". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T167546892A17942964. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T167546892A17942964.en .
    • Purple-faced langur:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 160
      • Rudran, R.; et al. (2020). "Semnopithecus vetulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22042A17959452. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22042A17959452.en .
43. Nowak 1999b, p. 156
44. Quinten, M; et al. (2020). "Simias concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T20229A17953422. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T20229A17953422.en .
45. Rankin, Lyndsay (2006). "Simias concolor". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
46. Trachypithecus sizes and diets:
    • Annamese langur, Cat Ba langur, Delacour's langur, Indochinese grey langur, Laotian langur, Popa langur, Shortridge's langur, Selangor silvered langur, Tenasserim lutung, West Javan langur, White-headed langur: Nowak 1999a, p. 602
    • Capped langur:
      • Nowak 1999a, p. 602
      • Das, J.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Trachypithecus pileatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22041A196580469. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22041A196580469.en .
    • Dusky leaf monkey: Viswanathan, Lata (2002). "Trachypithecus obscurus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • East Javan langur: Cannon, William; et al. (2009). "Trachypithecus auratus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • François' langur:
      • Nowak 1999a, p. 602
      • Ris, Lauren (2004). "Trachypithecus francoisi". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Gee's golden langur: Raval, Shivani (2004). "Trachypithecus geei". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Germain's langur:
      • Nowak 1999a, p. 602
      • Duc, H.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Trachypithecus germaini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T39874A217754957. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39874A217754957.en .
    • Hatinh langur, Indochinese black langur:
      • Nowak 1999a, p. 602
      • Quyet, L. K.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Trachypithecus hatinhensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T40789A196139355. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40789A196139355.en .
    • Phayre's leaf monkey:
      • Nowak 1999a, p. 602
      • cantwell, wayne (2011). "Trachypithecus phayrei". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Silvery lutung: Bedore, Christine (2005). "Trachypithecus cristatus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
47. Trachypithecus habitats:
    • Annamese langur: Hoang Minh Duc, Nadler; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Trachypithecus margarita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T39875A210372003. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39875A210372003.en .
    • Capped langur: Das, J.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Trachypithecus pileatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22041A196580469. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22041A196580469.en .
    • Cat Ba langur: Rawson, B. M.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus poliocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39871A17959804. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39871A17959804.en .
    • Delacour's langur: Nadler, T.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus delacouri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22043A17958988. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22043A17958988.en .
    • Dusky leaf monkey: Boonratana, R.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus obscurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22039A17960562. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22039A17960562.en .
    • East Javan langur: Nijman, V. (2021). "Trachypithecus auratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39848A17988500. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39848A17988500.en .
    • François' langur: Nadler, T.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus francoisi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39853A17958817. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39853A17958817.en .
    • Gee's golden langur: Das, J.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus geei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22037A17960997. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22037A17960997.en .
    • Germain's langur: Duc, H.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Trachypithecus germaini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T39874A217754957. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39874A217754957.en .
    • Hatinh langur, Indochinese black langur: Quyet, L. K.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Trachypithecus hatinhensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T40789A196139355. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40789A196139355.en .
    • Indochinese grey langur: Yongcheng, L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Trachypithecus crepusculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136920A204397334. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T136920A204397334.en .
    • Laotian langur: Coudrat, C. N. Z.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus laotum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22044A17959133. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22044A17959133.en .
    • Phayre's leaf monkey: Chetry, D.; et al. (2021). "Trachypithecus phayrei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T175862145A175862149. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T175862145A175862149.en .
    • Popa langur: Matauschek, C.; et al. (2022). "Trachypithecus popa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T196344474A196344962. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T196344474A196344962.en .
    • Shortridge's langur: Long, Y.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus shortridgei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39869A17961202. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39869A17961202.en .
    • Selangor silvered langur: Ang, A.; et al. (2021). "Trachypithecus selangorensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T205911038A205911065. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T205911038A205911065.en .
    • Silvery lutung: Meijaard, E.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus cristatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22035A17959977. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22035A17959977.en .
    • Tenasserim lutung: Nadler, T. (2021). "Trachypithecus barbei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41554A17960144. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41554A17960144.en .
    • West Javan langur: Setiawan, A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Trachypithecus mauritius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39849A196325582. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39849A196325582.en .
    • White-headed langur: Bleisch, B.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus leucocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39872A17988378. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39872A17988378.en .
48. Gorilla sizes and diets:
    • Eastern gorilla:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 93
      • Lindsley, Tracy; et al. (2001). "Gorilla beringei". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
    • Western gorilla:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 91
      • Csomos, Rebecca Ann (2008). "Gorilla gorilla". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
49. Gorilla habitats:
    • Eastern gorilla: Plumptre, A.; et al. (2019). "Gorilla beringei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T39994A115576640. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T39994A115576640.en .
    • Western gorilla: Maisels, F.; et al. (2018) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Gorilla gorilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T9404A136250858. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T9404A136250858.en .
50. Roser, M.; et al. (2019). "Human Height". Our World in Data . Global Change Data Lab. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
51. Pan sizes and diets:
    • Bonobo:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 97
      • Fruth, B.; et al. (2016) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Pan paniscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T15932A102331567. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T15932A17964305.en .
    • Chimpanzee:
      • Kingdon 2015, p. 95
      • Shefferly, Nancy (2005). "Pan troglodytes". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
52. Pan habitats:
    • Bonobo: Fruth, B.; et al. (2016) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Pan paniscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T15932A102331567. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T15932A17964305.en .
    • Chimpanzee: Humle, T.; et al. (2016) [errata version of 2018 assessment]. "Pan troglodytes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T15933A129038584. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T15933A17964454.en . hdl: 1893/26837 .
53. Pongo sizes and diets:
    • Bornean orangutan:
      • Petter; Desbordes, p. 140
      • Strobel, Benjamin (2013). "Pongo pygmaeus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
    • Sumatran orangutan:
      • Petter; Desbordes, p. 140
      • Urban, Kelle (2008). "Pongo abelii". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
    • Tapanuli orangutan:
      • Petter; Desbordes, p. 140
      • Nowak, M. G.; et al. (2017). "Pongo tapanuliensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T120588639A120588662. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T120588639A120588662.en .
54. Pongo habitats:
    • Bornean orangutan: Ancrenaz, M.; et al. (2016) [errata version of 2018 assessment]. "Pongo pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T17975A123809220. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T17975A17966347.en .
    • Sumatran orangutan: Singleton, I.; et al. (2017) [errata version of 2018 assessment]. "Pongo abelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T121097935A123797627. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T121097935A115575085.en .
    • Tapanuli orangutan: Nater, A.; et al. (2017). "Morphometric, behavioral, and genomic evidence for a new orangutan species". Current Biology . 27 (22): 3487–3498. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.047 . hdl: 10230/34400 . PMID   29103940.
55. Hoolock sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Eastern hoolock gibbon:
      • Lussier, Zachary (September 2022). "Eastern Hoolock Gibbon, Hoolock leuconedys". New England Primate Conservancy. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
      • Brockelman, W; et al. (2019). "Hoolock leuconedys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T118355453A17968300. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T118355453A17968300.en .
    • Skywalker hoolock gibbon:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 151
      • Fan, P. F.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Hoolock tianxing". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T118355648A166597159. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T118355648A166597159.en .
    • Western hoolock gibbon:
      • Francis, p. 301
      • Brockelman, W; et al. (2019). "Hoolock hoolock". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T39876A17968083. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39876A17968083.en .
56. Hylobates sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Agile gibbon:
      • Francis, p. 300
      • Geissmann, T.; et al. (2020). "Hylobates agilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10543A17967655. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10543A17967655.en .
    • Bornean white-bearded gibbon:
      • Francis, p. 300
      • Supriatna, p. 175
      • Marshall, A. J.; et al. (2020). "Hylobates albibarbis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39879A17967053. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39879A17967053.en .
    • Eastern grey gibbon:
      • Supriatna, pp. 177–178
      • Nijman, V.; et al. (2020). "Hylobates funereus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39890A17990856. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39890A17990856.en .
    • Kloss's gibbon:
      • Marcoux, Alix (2004). "Hylobates klossii". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 24, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
      • Liswanto, D.; et al. (2020). "Hylobates klossii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10547A17967475. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10547A17967475.en .
    • Lar gibbon:
      • Francis, p. 300
      • Brockelman, W; et al. (2020). "Hylobates lar". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10548A17967253. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10548A17967253.en .
      • Beaman, Mariah (2014). "Hylobates lar". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
    • Müller's gibbon:
      • Bruening, Sandra (2002). "Hylobates muelleri". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
      • Marshall, A. J.; et al. (2020). "Hylobates muelleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39888A17990934. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39888A17990934.en .
    • Pileated gibbon:
      • Cable, Rachel (2011). "Hylobates pileatus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 24, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
      • Brockelman, W; et al. (2020). "Hylobates pileatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10552A17966665. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10552A17966665.en .
    • Silvery gibbon:
      • Ankel-Simons, p. 125
      • Nijman, V. (2020). "Hylobates moloch". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10550A17966495. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10550A17966495.en .
    • Western grey gibbon:
      • Ankel-Simons, p. 125
      • Cheyne, S. M.; et al. (2020). "Hylobates abbotti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39889A17990882. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39889A17990882.en .
57. Nomascus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Black crested gibbon:
      • Cheng, Clarence (2011). "Nomascus concolor". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on April 1, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
      • Pengfei, F.; et al. (2020). "Nomascus concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39775A17968556. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39775A17968556.en .
    • Eastern black crested gibbon:
      • DiCesare, Maria (August 2022). "Cao-Vit Gibbon, Nomascus nasutus". New England Primate Conservancy. Archived from the original on August 28, 2023. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
      • Rawson, B. M.; et al. (2020). "Nomascus nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T41642A17969578. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41642A17969578.en .
    • Hainan black crested gibbon:
      • DiCesare, Maria (August 2022). "Cao-Vit Gibbon, Nomascus nasutus". New England Primate Conservancy. Archived from the original on August 28, 2023. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
      • Geissmann, T.; et al. (2020). "Nomascus hainanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T41643A17969392. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41643A17969392.en .
    • Northern buffed-cheeked gibbon:
      • DiCesare, Maria (August 2022). "Cao-Vit Gibbon, Nomascus nasutus". New England Primate Conservancy. Archived from the original on August 28, 2023. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
      • Thinh Van Ngoc, Roos; et al. (2020). "Nomascus annamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T120659170A120659179. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T120659170A120659179.en .
    • Northern white-cheeked gibbon:
      • Boyd, Tommy (2006). "Nomascus leucogenys". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on May 28, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
      • Rawson, B. M.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Nomascus leucogenys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39895A180816530. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39895A180816530.en .
    • Southern white-cheeked gibbon:
      • Lussier, Zachary (July 2022). "Southern White-Cheeked Gibbon, Nomascus siki". New England Primate Conservancy. Archived from the original on August 28, 2023. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
      • Nguyen, M. H.; et al. (2020). "Nomascus siki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39896A17968765. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39896A17968765.en .
    • Yellow-cheeked gibbon:
      • Lussier, Zachary (August 2023). "Southern Yellow-Cheeked Gibbon, Nomascus gabriellae". New England Primate Conservancy. Archived from the original on August 28, 2023. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
      • Rawson, B. M.; et al. (2020). "Nomascus gabriellae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T128073282A17968950. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T128073282A17968950.en .
58. Eastridge, Andrew (2023). "Symphalangus syndactylus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
59. Nijman, V.; et al. (2020). "Symphalangus syndactylus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39779A17967873. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39779A17967873.en .
60. Aotus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Azara's night monkey:
      • Smith, Candace T. (2023). "Aotus azarae". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Rímoli, J.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Aotus azarae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41539A190450485. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41539A190450485.en .
    • Black-headed night monkey:
      • Covert, Tara (April 2021). "Black-Headed Night Monkey, Aotus nigriceps". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Shanee, S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Aotus nigriceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41542A190455194. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41542A190455194.en .
    • Brumback's night monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 111
      • Carretero, X.; et al. (2020). "Aotus brumbacki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39915A17923405. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39915A17923405.en .
    • Gray-bellied night monkey:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 143
      • Link, A.; et al. (2021). "Aotus lemurinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T1808A17922601. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T1808A17922601.en .
      • Soderman, Sarah (2000). "Aotus lemurinus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Gray-handed night monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 111
      • Link, A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Aotus griseimembra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T1807A190452803. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T1807A190452803.en .
    • Hernández-Camacho's night monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 111
      • Defler, T. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Aotus jorgehernandezi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136211A190453268. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136211A190453268.en .
    • Nancy Ma's night monkey:
      • Bahr, Laura Lee (September 2021). "Nancy Ma's Night Monkey, Aotus nancymaae". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Maldonado, A.; et al. (2020). "Aotus nancymaae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T41540A115578713. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T41540A115578713.en .
      • Graf, John (2006). "Aotus nancymaae". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Panamanian night monkey:
      • Covert, Tara (May 2021). "Panamanian Night Monkey, Aotus zonalis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Méndez-Carvajal, P. G.; et al. (2021). "Aotus zonalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39953A17922442. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39953A17922442.en .
    • Peruvian night monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 111
      • Shanee, S.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Aotus miconax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T1802A164046186. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T1802A164046186.en .
    • Spix's night monkey:
      • Quinlan, K. Clare (March 2020). "Spix's Night Monkey, Aotus vociferans". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Guzmán-Caro, D. C.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Aotus vociferans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41544A191682904. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41544A191682904.en .
    • Three-striped night monkey:
      • LaValle, Alicia (2000). "Aotus trivirgatus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • Urbani, B.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Aotus trivirgatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41543A191681999. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41543A191681999.en .
61. Alouatta sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Amazon black howler:
      • Riley, Amanda E. (September 2023). "Amazon Black Howler, Alouatta nigerrima". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Ravetta, A. L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Alouatta nigerrima". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136332A190424175. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136332A190424175.en .
    • Black howler:
      • LaValle, Alicia (2000). "Alouatta caraya". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • Bicca-Marques, J. C.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Alouatta caraya". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41545A190414715. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41545A190414715.en .
    • Bolivian red howler:
      • Botting, Jennifer (August 2021). "Bolivian Red Howler, Alouatta sara". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Cornejo, F. M.; et al. (2021). "Alouatta sara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41546A17924752. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41546A17924752.en .
    • Brown howler:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 103
      • Jerusalinsky, L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Alouatta guariba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39916A190417874. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39916A190417874.en .
      • Arslanian, Kendall (2011). "Alouatta guariba". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Colombian red howler:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 142
      • Link, A.; et al. (2021). "Alouatta seniculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T198676562A198687134. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T198676562A198687134.en .
      • Normile, Rebecca V. (2001). "Alouatta seniculus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Guyanan red howler:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 103
      • Boubli, J. P.; et al. (2021). "Alouatta macconnelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T198622924A198669499. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T198622924A198669499.en .
    • Mantled howler:
      • Schoville, Sean (2000). "Alouatta palliata". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • Cortes-Ortíz, L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Alouatta palliata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39960A190425583. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39960A190425583.en .
    • Maranhão red-handed howler:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 103
      • Fialho, M. S.; et al. (2021). "Alouatta ululata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T918A190435652. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T918A190435652.en .
    • Red-handed howler:
      • Wallen, Meg; et al. (2009). "Alouatta belzebul". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • Valença-Montenegro, M. M.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Alouatta belzebul". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39957A190412426. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39957A190412426.en .
    • Spix's red-handed howler:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 103
      • Pinto, L. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Alouatta discolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T43912A190416507. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T43912A190416507.en .
    • Ursine howler:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 103
      • Urbani, B.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Alouatta arctoidea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136486A190413988. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136486A190413988.en .
    • Yucatán black howler:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 142
      • Cortes-Ortíz, L.; et al. (2020). "Alouatta pigra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T914A17926000. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T914A17926000.en .
      • Lau, Kimberly (2007). "Alouatta pigra". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
62. Ateles sizes and diets:
    • Black-headed spider monkey: Cifranic, Bryan (2002). "Ateles fusciceps". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Brown spider monkey:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 141
      • Thunstrom, Maria (2009). "Ateles hybridus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Geoffroy's spider monkey: Gorog, Antonia (2002). "Ateles geoffroyi". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Peruvian spider monkey:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 141
      • Kademian, Sylvie (2016). "Ateles chamek". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Red-faced spider monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 100
      • Kanter, Tessah (2011). "Ateles paniscus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • White-bellied spider monkey:
      • Ceitlin, Jill (2004). "Ateles belzebuth". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Link, A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Ateles belzebuth". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T2276A191684587. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2276A191684587.en .
    • White-cheeked spider monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 100
      • Ravetta, A. L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Ateles marginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T2282A191689524. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2282A191689524.en .
63. Ateles habitats:
    • Black-headed spider monkey: Moscoso, P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Ateles fusciceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T135446A191687087. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T135446A191687087.en .
    • Brown spider monkey: Link, A.; et al. (2020). "Ateles hybridus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39961A17929680. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39961A17929680.en .
    • Geoffroy's spider monkey: Cortes-Ortíz, L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Ateles geoffroyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T2279A191688782. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2279A191688782.en .
    • Peruvian spider monkey: Alves, S. L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Ateles chamek". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41547A191685783. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41547A191685783.en .
    • Red-faced spider monkey: Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Ateles paniscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T2283A191691902. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2283A191691902.en .
    • White-bellied spider monkey: Link, A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Ateles belzebuth". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T2276A191684587. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2276A191684587.en .
    • White-cheeked spider monkey: Ravetta, A. L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Ateles marginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T2282A191689524. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2282A191689524.en .
64. Brachyteles sizes and diets:
    • Northern muriqui: Edkins, Tera (2014). "Brachyteles hypoxanthus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Southern muriqui:
      • Edkins, Tera (2014). "Brachyteles hypoxanthus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • Bladh, Anni (2003). "Brachyteles arachnoides". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 4, 2023.
65. Brachyteles habitats:
    • Northern muriqui: de Melo, F. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Brachyteles hypoxanthus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T2994A191693399. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2994A191693399.en .
    • Southern muriqui: Talebi, M.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Brachyteles arachnoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T2993A191692658. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2993A191692658.en .
66. Lagothrix sizes and diets:
    • Common woolly monkey: Stone, Ivan (2001). "Lagothrix lagotricha". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Yellow-tailed woolly monkey:
      • Botting, Jennifer (April 2020). "Peruvian Yellow-Tailed Wooly Monkey, Lagothrix flavicauda". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Shanee, S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Lagothrix flavicauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39924A192307818. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39924A192307818.en .
67. Lagothrix habitats:
    • Common woolly monkey: Stevenson, P. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Lagothrix lagothricha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T160881218A192309103. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T160881218A192309103.en .
    • Yellow-tailed woolly monkey: Shanee, S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Lagothrix flavicauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39924A192307818. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39924A192307818.en .
68. Maffei, Devin (2023). "Callimico goeldii". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
69. Palacios, E.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Callimico goeldii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T3564A191700340. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T3564A191700340.en .
70. Callithrix sizes and diets:
    • Black-tufted marmoset:
      • Lussier, Zachary (September 2019). "Black-Tufted Marmoset, Callithrix penicillata". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Ackley, Valerie (2004). "Callithrix penicillata". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Buffy-headed marmoset: Throckmorton, Zachary (2003). "Callithrix flaviceps". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Buffy-tufted marmoset:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 124
      • Kuo, Michael (2000). "Callithrix aurita". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Common marmoset: Cover, Sarah (2000). "Callithrix jacchus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • White-headed marmoset:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 145
      • Murphy, Brittany (2009). "Callithrix geoffroyi". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Wied's marmoset:
      • Covert, Rara (September 2020). "Wied's Marmoset, Callithrix kuhlii". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Keeley, Theresa (2004). "Callithrix kuhlii". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
71. Callithrix habitats:
    • Black-tufted marmoset: Valle, R. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Callithrix penicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41519A191705321. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41519A191705321.en .
    • Buffy-headed marmoset: de Melo, F. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Callithrix flaviceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T3571A191700879. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T3571A191700879.en .
    • Buffy-tufted marmoset: de Melo, F. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Callithrix aurita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T3570A191700629. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T3570A191700629.en .
    • Common marmoset: Valença-Montenegro, M. M.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Callithrix jacchus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41518A191705043. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41518A191705043.en .
    • White-headed marmoset: de Melo, F. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Callithrix geoffroyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T3572A191701212. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T3572A191701212.en .
    • Wied's marmoset: Neves, L. G.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Callithrix kuhlii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T3575A191701453. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T3575A191701453.en .
72. Cebuella sizes and diets:
    • Eastern pygmy marmoset:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 124
      • de la Torre, S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cebuella niveiventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136865A191707236. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136865A191707236.en .
    • Western pygmy marmoset:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 145
      • Wade, Edward (2012). "Callithrix pygmaea". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
73. Cebuella habitats:
    • Eastern pygmy marmoset: de la Torre, S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cebuella niveiventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136865A191707236. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136865A191707236.en .
    • Western pygmy marmoset: de la Torre, S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Cebuella pygmaea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136926A200203263. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T136926A200203263.en .
74. Leontocebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Andean saddle-back tamarin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 121
      • Heymann, E. W.; et al. (2020). "Leontocebus leucogenys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T19826A17980550. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T19826A17980550.en .
    • Cruz Lima's saddle-back tamarin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 121
      • Sampaio, R.; et al. (2020). "Leontocebus cruzlimai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T19829A17980514. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T19829A17980514.en .
    • Geoffroy's saddle-back tamarin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 121
      • Heymann, E. W. (2020). "Leontocebus nigrifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T43953A17980422. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T43953A17980422.en .
    • Illiger's saddle-back tamarin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 121
      • Heymann, E. W.; et al. (2020). "Leontocebus illigeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T43952A17980750. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T43952A17980750.en .
    • Lesson's saddle-back tamarin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 121
      • Palacios, E.; et al. (2020). "Leontocebus fuscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T42693A17980668. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T42693A17980668.en .
    • Red-mantled saddle-back tamarin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 121
      • Heymann, E. W.; et al. (2020). "Leontocebus lagonotus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T43950A17980627. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T43950A17980627.en .
    • Weddell's saddle-back tamarin:
      • Lussier, Zachary (September 2021). "Weddel's Saddle-Back Tamarin, Leontocebus weddelli". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Ravetta, A. L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Leontocebus weddelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T160939221A192315781. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T160939221A192315781.en .
75. Leontopithecus sizes and diets:
    • Black lion tamarin: Gray, Douglas (2003). "Leontopithecus chrysopygus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Golden lion tamarin: Frantom, Sarah (1999). "Leontopithecus rosalia". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Golden-headed lion tamarin: Lundrigan, Barbara; et al. (2000). "Leontopithecus chrysomelas". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 16, 2023.
    • Superagüi lion tamarin:
      • Downey, Kathleen (September 2022). "Black-Faced Lion Tamarin, Leontopithecus caissara". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Martin, Pam (2003). "Leontopithecus caissara". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
76. Leontopithecus habitats:
    • Black lion tamarin: Rezende, G.; et al. (2020). "Leontopithecus chrysopygus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T11505A17935400. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11505A17935400.en .
    • Golden lion tamarin: Ruiz-Miranda, C. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Leontopithecus rosalia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T11506A192327291. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T11506A192327291.en .
    • Golden-headed lion tamarin: Oliveira, L. C.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Leontopithecus chrysomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T40643A192327573. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40643A192327573.en .
    • Superagüi lion tamarin: Ludwig, G.; et al. (2021). "Leontopithecus caissara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T11503A206547044. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T11503A206547044.en .
77. Mico sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Black-headed marmoset:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 124
      • Muniz, C.; et al. (2019). "Mico nigriceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T39913A17934547. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39913A17934547.en .
    • Black-tailed marmoset:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 124
      • Milagres, A. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Mico melanurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136294A192400781. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136294A192400781.en .
    • Emilia's marmoset:
      • Scott, Robyn (October 2023). "Emilia's Marmoset, Mico emiliae". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Canale, G. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Mico emiliae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T42691A192400402. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T42691A192400402.en .
    • Gold-and-white marmoset:
      • Phan, Jeremy (2007). "Callithrix chrysoleuca". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • Röhe, F.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Mico chrysoleucos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39910A192399226. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39910A192399226.en .
    • Hershkovitz's marmoset:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 124
      • Rylands, A. B.; et al. (2018). "Mico intermedius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T39911A17934268. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T39911A17934268.en .
    • Marca's marmoset:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 124
      • Silva, F. E.; et al. (2021). "Mico marcai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39914A206547867. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T39914A206547867.en .
    • Maués marmoset: Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Mico mauesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41583A192400226. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41583A192400226.en .
    • Munduruku marmoset:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 124
      • Costa-Araújo, R.; et al. (2020). "Mico munduruku". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T172269376A172269630. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T172269376A172269630.en .
    • Rio Acarí marmoset:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 124
      • Moura, E. F.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Mico acariensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41580A192400051. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41580A192400051.en .
    • Rondon's marmoset:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 124
      • Messias, M. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Mico rondoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136804A192401067. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136804A192401067.en .
    • Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 124
      • Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Callibella humilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41584A191706209. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41584A191706209.en .
    • Santarem marmoset:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 124
      • Buss, G.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Mico humeralifer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41521A192399834. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41521A192399834.en .
    • Satéré marmoset:
      • Régis, T.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Mico saterei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T42692A192400614. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T42692A192400614.en .
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 124
    • Schneider's marmoset:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 124
      • Costa-Araújo, R.; et al. (2022) [errata version of 2022 assessment]. "Mico schneideri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T210363264A222945240. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T210363264A222945240.en .
    • Silvery marmoset:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 145
      • Ravetta, A. L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Mico argentatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41520A192399613. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41520A192399613.en .
      • Garza, Rhonda (2001). "Callithrix argentata". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 16, 2023.
    • White marmoset: Ravetta, A. L.; et al. (2021). "Mico leucippe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39912A17934089. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39912A17934089.en .
78. Saguinus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Brown-mantled tamarin:
      • Downey, Kathleen (April 2021). "Saddle-Back Tamarin, Leontocebus fuscicollis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Heymann, E. W.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Leontocebus fuscicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T160885500A192315580. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T160885500A192315580.en .
    • Black-mantled tamarin:
      • Eggert, Hayley (2002). "Saguinus nigricollis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • de la Torre, S.; et al. (2020). "Leontocebus nigricollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39945A17932254. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39945A17932254.en .
    • Black tamarin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 121
      • Mendes-Oliveira, A. C.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Saguinus niger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T160901052A192553958. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T160901052A192553958.en .
    • Cotton-top tamarin:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 145
      • Rodríguez, V.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Saguinus oedipus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T19823A192551067. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19823A192551067.en .
      • Bridgeman, Brian (2002). "Saguinus oedipus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Eastern black-handed tamarin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 121
      • Mendes-Oliveira, A. C.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Saguinus ursulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T70610874A192553791. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T70610874A192553791.en .
    • Emperor tamarin:
      • Eaton, Taryn (1999). "Saguinus imperator". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • Ravetta, A. L.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Saguinus imperator". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T39948A213569049. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39948A213569049.en .
    • Geoffroy's tamarin:
      • Frey, Dayna (2000). "Saguinus geoffroyi". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Link, A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Saguinus geoffroyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41522A192551955. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41522A192551955.en .
    • Golden-handed tamarin:
      • Cloyd, Emily (2000). "Saguinus midas". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Saguinus midas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41525A192552538. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41525A192552538.en .
    • Golden-mantled tamarin:
      • Carter, Justin; et al. (2009). "Saguinus tripartitus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • de la Torre, S.; et al. (2020). "Leontocebus tripartitus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T19824A17930113. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T19824A17930113.en .
    • Martins's tamarin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 121
      • de Melo, F. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Saguinus martinsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T42695A192552857. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T42695A192552857.en .
    • Mottle-faced tamarin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 121
      • Palacios, E.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Saguinus inustus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41523A192552160. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41523A192552160.en .
    • Moustached tamarin:
      • Abrams, Sylvie (August 2019). "Moustached Tamarin, Saguinus mystax". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Heymann, E. W.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Saguinus mystax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41526A192552706. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41526A192552706.en .
      • Lim, Jayne (2011). "Saguinus mystax". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Pied tamarin:
      • Kutschera, Rachel (2004). "Saguinus bicolor". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • Gordo, M.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Saguinus bicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T40644A192551696. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40644A192551696.en .
    • Red-capped tamarin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 121
      • Ravetta, A.; et al. (2020). "Saguinus mystax ssp. pileatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T43957A17981034. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T43957A17981034.en .
    • White-footed tamarin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 121
      • Link, A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Saguinus leucopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T19819A192550769. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19819A192550769.en .
    • White-lipped tamarin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 121
      • Calouro, A. M.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Saguinus labiatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41524A192552331. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41524A192552331.en .
      • Kristofik, Nina (2011). "Saguinus labiatus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • White-mantled tamarin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 121
      • Rylands, A. B.; et al. (2008). "Saguinus melanoleucus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T135429A4128407. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135429A4128407.en .
79. Cebus sizes and diets:
    • Colombian white-faced capuchin:
      • Downey, Kathleen (July 2016). "Columbian White-Throated Capuchin, Cebus capucinus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Long, John (2009). "Cebus capucinus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Kaapori capuchin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 113
      • Fialho, M. S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cebus kaapori". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T40019A191704766. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40019A191704766.en .
    • Wedge-capped capuchin:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 144
      • Schober, Nathan (2003). "Cebus olivaceus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin:
      • Cherian, Acima (April 2023). "Humboldt's White-Fronted Capuchin, Cebus albifrons". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Mijal, Michelle (2001). "Cebus albifrons". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
80. Cebus habitats:
    • Colombian white-faced capuchin: de la Torre, S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cebus capucinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T81257277A191708164. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T81257277A191708164.en .
    • Kaapori capuchin: Fialho, M. S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cebus kaapori". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T40019A191704766. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40019A191704766.en .
    • Wedge-capped capuchin: Boubli, J. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cebus olivaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T81384371A191708662. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T81384371A191708662.en .
    • Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin: Link, A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cebus albifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39951A191703935. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39951A191703935.en .
81. Sapajus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Black capuchin:
      • Welch, Nate (2019). "Cebus nigritus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • Ludwig, G.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Sapajus nigritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T136717A210336199. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T136717A210336199.en .
    • Azaras's capuchin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 113
      • Rímoli, J.; et al. (2022) [errata version of 2022 assessment]. "Sapajus cay". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T136366A222944655. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T136366A222944655.en .
    • Black-striped capuchin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 113
      • Martins, A. B.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Sapajus libidinosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136346A192593226. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136346A192593226.en .
    • Blond capuchin: Valença-Montenegro, M. M.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Sapajus flavius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136253A192592928. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136253A192592928.en .
    • Crested capuchin:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 113
      • Martins, W. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Sapajus robustus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T42697A192592444. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T42697A192592444.en .
    • Golden-bellied capuchin:
      • Song, Jane; et al. (2009). "Cebus xanthosternos". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • Canale, G. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Sapajus xanthosternos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T4074A192592138. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T4074A192592138.en .
    • Tufted capuchin:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 143
      • Boubli, J. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Sapajus apella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T172351505A192594550. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T172351505A192594550.en .
      • Anderson, Rebecca (2003). "Cebus apella". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
82. Saimiri sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Bare-eared squirrel monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 115
      • Alves, S. L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Saimiri ustus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41538A192584351. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41538A192584351.en .
    • Black squirrel monkey:
      • Williams, Abby (2006). "Saimiri vanzolinii". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • Lynch, J. W.; et al. (2021). "Saimiri vanzolinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T19839A17940474. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19839A17940474.en .
    • Black-capped squirrel monkey:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 144
      • Heymann, E. W.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Saimiri boliviensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41536A192584127. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41536A192584127.en .
      • Sipahi, Levent (2006). "Saimiri boliviensis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Central American squirrel monkey:
      • Ambrose, Thomas (2002). "Saimiri oerstedii". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • Solano-Rojas, D. (2021). "Saimiri oerstedii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T19836A17940807. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19836A17940807.en .
    • Collins' squirrel monkey: Silva Júnior, J. S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Saimiri collinsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T70610928A192585417. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T70610928A192585417.en .
    • Guianan squirrel monkey:
      • Rhines, Cynthia (2000). "Saimiri sciureus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • Silva Júnior, J. S.; et al. "Saimiri sciureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species : e.T43968A192584742. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T43968A192584742.en . Retrieved October 21, 2023.
    • Humboldt's squirrel monkey:
      • Covert, Tara (July 2021). "Humboldt's Squirrel Monkey, Saimiri cassiquiarensis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Paim, F. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Saimiri cassiquiarensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T160940148A192585552. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T160940148A192585552.en .
83. Callicebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Atlantic titi monkey:
      • Heilhecker, Ellen (2002). "Callicebus personatus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • de Melo, F. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Callicebus personatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T3555A191700126. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T3555A191700126.en .
    • Barbara Brown's titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Printes, R. C.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Callicebus barbarabrownae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39929A191703041. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39929A191703041.en .
    • Black-fronted titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Jerusalinsky, L.; et al. (2020). "Callicebus nigrifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39943A17973667. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39943A17973667.en .
    • Coastal black-handed titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Printes, R.; et al. (2020). "Callicebus melanochir". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39930A17975106. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39930A17975106.en .
    • Coimbra Filho's titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Jerusalinsky, L.; et al. (2020). "Callicebus coimbrai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39954A17972422. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39954A17972422.en .
84. Cheracebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Black titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Boubli, J. P.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Cheracebus lugens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T41563A217755480. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T41563A217755480.en .
    • Collared titi monkey:
      • Wildeck, Dan (2007). "Callicebus torquatus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Fialho, M. S.; et al. (2022). "Cheracebus torquatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T210891841A210892341. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T210891841A210892341.en .
    • Colombian black-handed titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Palacios, E. (2022) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cheracebus medemi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T39944A217755677. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39944A217755677.en .
    • Lucifer titi monkey:
      • Abrams, Sylvie (January 2022). "Lucifer Titi, Cheracebus lucifer". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Palacios, E.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Cheracebus lucifer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T41564A217755333. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T41564A217755333.en .
    • Red-headed titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Valença-Montenegro, M. M. (2022) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Cheracebus regulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T41566A217755933. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T41566A217755933.en .
85. Plecturocebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Ashy black titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Boubli, J. P.; et al. (2021). "Plecturocebus cinerascens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41557A206548613. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T41557A206548613.en .
    • Baptista Lake titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Boubli, J.; et al. (2018). "Plecturocebus baptista". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T41560A17974353. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T41560A17974353.en .
    • Brown titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Vermeer, J.; et al. (2020). "Plecturocebus brunneus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T41558A17974148. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T41558A17974148.en .
    • Caquetá titi monkey:
      • Quinan, K. Clare (January 2023). "Caquetá Titi, Plecturocebus caquetensis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Defler, T. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecturocebus caquetensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T14699281A192453101. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T14699281A192453101.en .
    • Chestnut-bellied titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Boubli, J.; et al. (2018). "Plecturocebus caligatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T41552A17973006. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T41552A17973006.en .
    • Coppery titi monkey:
      • Sproll, Ingrid (2007). "Callicebus cupreus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Heymann, E. W.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Plecturocebus cupreus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T127530593A192453653. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T127530593A192453653.en .
    • Hershkovitz's titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Rohe, F.; et al. (2018). "Plecturocebus dubius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T3549A17975232. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T3549A17975232.en .
    • Hoffmanns's titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Buss, G.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Plecturocebus hoffmannsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T41559A166609789. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T41559A166609789.en .
    • Madidi titi monkey:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 143
      • Wallace, R. B.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Plecturocebus aureipalatii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136815A192452943. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136815A192452943.en .
    • Milton's titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Boubli, J. P.; et al. (2021). "Plecturocebus miltoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T127530569A206549250. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T127530569A206549250.en .
    • Olalla brothers' titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Mollinedo, J. M.; et al. (2021). "Plecturocebus olallae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T3554A17975516. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T3554A17975516.en .
    • Ornate titi monkey:
      • Cherian, Acima (May 2023). "Ornate Titi, Plecturocebus ornatus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Carretero, X.; et al. (2020). "Plecturocebus ornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39928A17974735. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39928A17974735.en .
    • Prince Bernhard's titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Rohe, F.; et al. (2018). "Plecturocebus bernhardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T41561A17973161. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T41561A17973161.en .
    • Red-bellied titi monkey:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 143
      • Ravetta, A. L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecturocebus moloch". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41556A192452656. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41556A192452656.en .
      • Weinstein, Bret (2003). "Callicebus moloch". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Rio Beni titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Mollinedo, J. M.; et al. (2021). "Plecturocebus modestus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41550A17972778. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41550A17972778.en .
    • Rio Mayo titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Vermeer, J.; et al. (2020). "Plecturocebus oenanthe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T3553A17975319. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T3553A17975319.en .
    • Stephen Nash's titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Boubli, J. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Plecturocebus stephennashi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41555A192452547. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41555A192452547.en .
    • Toppin's titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Vermeer, J. (2020). "Plecturocebus toppini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T127530624A127530628. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T127530624A127530628.en .
    • Urubamba brown titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Vermeer, J. (2020). "Plecturocebus urubambensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T127530581A127530585. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T127530581A127530585.en .
    • Vieira's titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Costa-Araújo, R.; et al. (2022) [errata version of 2022 assessment]. "Plecturocebus vieirai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T70330181A222944989. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T70330181A222944989.en .
    • White-coated titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Rumiz, D. I.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecturocebus pallescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41549A192452042. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41549A192452042.en .
    • White-eared titi monkey:
      • Downey, Kathleen (February 2019). "Bolivian Gray Titi, Plecturocebus donacophilus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Mollinedo, J. M.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Plecturocebus donacophilus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41548A192451894. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41548A192451894.en .
      • Venturelli, Nicholas (2011). "Callicebus donacophilus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • White-tailed titi monkey:
      • Abrams, Sylvie (September 2020). "White-Tailed Titi, Plecturocebus discolor". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Vermeer, J.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Plecturocebus discolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41553A192452388. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41553A192452388.en .
86. Cacajao sizes and diets:
    • Aracá uakari: Nowak 1999b, p. 107
    • White bald-headed uakari:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 143
      • Felton-Church, Ali (2001). "Cacajao calvus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Ucayali bald-headed uakari:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 143
      • Boubli, J. P.; et al. (2021). "Cacajao ucayalii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T3420A206546797. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T3420A206546797.en .
    • Red bald-headed uakari:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 143
      • Silva, F. E.; et al. (2021). "Cacajao rubicundus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T3422A206546924. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T3422A206546924.en .
    • Novae's bald-headed uakari:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 143
      • Ravetta, A. L.; et al. (2022). "Cacajao novaesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T3421A210377250. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T3421A210377250.en .
    • Golden-backed uakari: Morse, Paul (2007). "Cacajao melanocephalus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Neblina uakari:
      • Cherian, Acima (December 2022). "Neblina Uakari, Cacajao hosomi". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cacajao hosomi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136640A191697668. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136640A191697668.en .
87. Cacajao habitats:
    • Aracá uakari: Boubli, J. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cacajao ayresi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136419A191694077. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136419A191694077.en .
    • White bald-headed uakari:
      • Felton-Church, Ali (2001). "Cacajao calvus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Ucayali bald-headed uakari:
      • Boubli, J. P.; et al. (2021). "Cacajao ucayalii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T3420A206546797. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T3420A206546797.en .
    • Red bald-headed uakari:
      • Silva, F. E.; et al. (2021). "Cacajao rubicundus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T3422A206546924. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T3422A206546924.en .
    • Novae's bald-headed uakari:
      • Ravetta, A. L.; et al. (2022). "Cacajao novaesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T3421A210377250. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T3421A210377250.en .
    • Golden-backed uakari: Boubli, J. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cacajao melanocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T160875418A191697842. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T160875418A191697842.en .
    • Neblina uakari: Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cacajao hosomi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T136640A191697668. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136640A191697668.en .
88. Chiropotes sizes and diets:
    • Black bearded saki: Berne, Adam (2008). "Chiropotes satanas". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Reddish-brown bearded saki:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 106
      • Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Chiropotes sagulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T70330167A191707709. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T70330167A191707709.en .
    • Red-backed bearded saki:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 106
      • Quinlan, K. Clare (December 2021). "Bearded Saki, Chiropotes chiropotes". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
    • Uta Hick's bearded saki:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 106
      • Alonso, A. C.; et al. (2020). "Chiropotes utahickae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T43892A17976648. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T43892A17976648.en .
    • White-nosed saki:
      • Covert, Tara (December 2018). "White-Nosed Saki, Chiropotes albinasus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Huff, Travis (2002). "Chiropotes albinasus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
89. Chiropotes habitats:
    • Black bearded saki: Port-Carvalho, M.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Chiropotes satanas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T39956A191704509. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39956A191704509.en .
    • Reddish-brown bearded saki: Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Chiropotes sagulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T70330167A191707709. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T70330167A191707709.en .
    • Red-backed bearded saki: Boubli, J.; et al. (2018). "Chiropotes chiropotes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T43891A17976546. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T43891A17976546.en .
    • Uta Hick's bearded saki: Alonso, A. C.; et al. (2020). "Chiropotes utahickae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T43892A17976648. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T43892A17976648.en .
    • White-nosed saki: Pinto, L. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Chiropotes albinasus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T4685A191702783. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T4685A191702783.en .
90. Pithecia sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Burnished saki:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 105
      • Marsh, L. K. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Pithecia inusta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T70609849A192447399. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T70609849A192447399.en .
    • Cazuza's saki:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 105
      • Marsh, L. K. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Pithecia cazuzai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T70609874A192447536. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T70609874A192447536.en .
    • Equatorial saki:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 105
      • Marsh, L. K.; et al. (2018). "Pithecia aequatorialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T17402A17971831. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T17402A17971831.en .
    • Golden-faced saki:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 105
      • Marsh, L. K.; et al. (2018). "Pithecia chrysocephala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T43943A17991938. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T43943A17991938.en .
    • Hairy saki:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 105
      • Carretero, X. (2021). "Pithecia hirsuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T70606542A206548831. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T70606542A206548831.en .
    • Isabel's saki:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 105
      • Marsh, L. K. (2018). "Pithecia isabela". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T70609893A70609906. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T70609893A70609906.en .
    • Miller's saki:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 105
      • Marsh, L. K.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Pithecia milleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T17407A192446875. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T17407A192446875.en .
    • Monk saki:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 142
      • Marsh, L. K.; et al. (2018). "Pithecia monachus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T70609726A17971958. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T70609726A17971958.en .
    • Napo saki:
      • Quinlan, K. Clare (June 2020). "Napo Saki, Pithecia napensis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Marsh, L. K.; et al. (2018). "Pithecia napensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T39955A70609585. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T39955A70609585.en .
    • Rio Tapajós saki:
      • Botting, Jennifer (May 2020). "Gray's Bald-Faced Saki, Pithecia irrorata". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Marsh, L. K.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Pithecia irrorata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T70610758A192448119. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T70610758A192448119.en .
    • Vanzolini's bald-faced saki:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 105
      • Marsh, L. K.; et al. (2018). "Pithecia vanzolinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T43946A17991869. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T43946A17991869.en .
    • White-faced saki:
      • Burnie; Wilson, p. 142
      • Marsh, L. K.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Pithecia pithecia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T43942A192447247. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T43942A192447247.en .
      • Grubich, Nicole (2013). "Pithecia pithecia". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • White-footed saki:
      • Covert, Tara (November 2019). "Buffy Saki, Pithecia albicans". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Marsh, L. K.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Pithecia albicans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T41567A192447067. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41567A192447067.en .
91. Kubicek, Carissa (2023). "Tarsius syrichta". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved August 28, 2023.
92. Shekelle, M. (2020). "Carlito syrichta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T21492A17978520. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21492A17978520.en .
93. Downey, Kathleen (June 2017). "Horsfield's Tarsier, Cephalopachus bancanus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved September 12, 2023.
94. Shekelle, M.; et al. (2020). "Cephalopachus bancanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T21488A17976989. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21488A17976989.en .
95. McKeighan, Paul (2011). "Tarsius bancanus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved August 28, 2023.
96. Tarsius sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Dian's tarsier:
      • Yang, Liubin (2007). "Tarsius dentatus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved August 28, 2023.
      • Supriatna, p. 49
      • Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius dentatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T21489A17977790. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21489A17977790.en .
    • Gursky's spectral tarsier:
      • Shekelle, M.; et al. (2017). "Two new tarsier species (Tarsiidae, Primates) and the biogeography of Sulawesi, Indonesia". Primate Conservation . 31: 61–69.
      • Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius spectrumgurskyae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T162336422A162336580. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162336422A162336580.en .
    • Jatna's tarsier:
      • Shekelle, M.; et al. (2017). "Two new tarsier species (Tarsiidae, Primates) and the biogeography of Sulawesi, Indonesia". Primate Conservation . 31: 61–69.
      • Shekelle, M. (2020) [errata version of 2022 assessment]. "Tarsius supriatnai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T162336881A220971513. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162336881A220971513.en .
    • Lariang tarsier:
      • Supriatna, p. 45
      • Shekelle, M; et al. (2020). "Tarsius lariang". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136319A17978130. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T136319A17978130.en .
    • Makassar tarsier:
      • Supriatna, pp. 40–41
      • Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius fuscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T162369593A162369616. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162369593A162369616.en .
    • Niemitz's tarsier:
      • Shekelle, M.; et al. (2019). "A new tarsier species from the Togean Islands of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, with references to Wallacea and conservation on Sulawesi". Primate Conservation . 33: 1–9. S2CID   204801433.
      • Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius niemitzi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T162337005A171341769. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162337005A171341769.en .
    • Peleng tarsier:
      • Supriatna, p. 53
      • Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius pelengensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T21494A17977515. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21494A17977515.en .
    • Pygmy tarsier:
      • Ford, Trevor (2011). "Tarsius pumilus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved August 28, 2023.
      • Supriatna, pp. 42–43
      • Shekelle, M; et al. (2020). "Tarsius pumilus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T21490A17977980. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21490A17977980.en .
    • Sangihe tarsier:
      • Minich, Miriam (2017). "Tarsius sangirensis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved August 28, 2023.
      • Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius sangirensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T21493A17977351. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21493A17977351.en .
    • Siau Island tarsier:
      • Downey, Kathleen (March 2019). "Siau Island Tarsier, Tarsius tumpara". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • Shekelle, M; et al. (2020). "Tarsius tumpara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T179234A17977202. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T179234A17977202.en .
    • Spectral tarsier:
      • Mogk, Kenzie (2012). "Tarsius tarsier". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved August 28, 2023.
      • Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius tarsier". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T162369551A17978304. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162369551A17978304.en .
    • Wallace's tarsier:
      • Supriatna, pp. 47–48
      • Merker, S.; et al. (2020). "Tarsius wallacei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T195277A17977659. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T195277A17977659.en .
97. Drury, Chad (2002). "Allocebus trichotis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
98. Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Allocebus trichotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T868A115559302. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T868A115559302.en .
99. Cheirogaleus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Ankarana dwarf lemur:
      • Frasier, C.; et al. (2016). "A New Species of Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleidae: Cheirogaleus medius Group) from the Ankarana and Andrafiamena-Andavakoera Massifs, Madagascar". Primate Conservation . 30: 59–72.
      • Sgarlata, G. M.; et al. (2020). "Cheirogaleus shethi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163020756A163020759. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163020756A163020759.en .
    • Fat-tailed dwarf lemur:
      • Dewey, Tanya; et al. (2008). "Cheirogaleus medius". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
      • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Cheirogaleus medius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163023599A115588562. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163023599A115588562.en .
    • Furry-eared dwarf lemur:
      • Garbutt, pp. 102–103
      • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Cheirogaleus crossleyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163021377A115581154. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163021377A115581154.en .
    • Greater dwarf lemur:
      • Cooper, Arthur (2000). "Cheirogaleus major". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
      • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Cheirogaleus major". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T54778911A115588708. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T54778911A115588708.en .
    • Groves' dwarf lemur:
      • McLain, A. T.; et al. (2017). "A New Cheirogaleus (Cheirogaleidae: Cheirogaleus crossleyi Group) Species from Southeastern Madagascar" (PDF). Primate Conservation . 31: 27–36.
      • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Cheirogaleus grovesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163021927A163021999. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163021927A163021999.en .
    • Lavasoa dwarf lemur:
      • Anderson, Natali (July 29, 2013). "Lavasoa Dwarf Lemur: New Species Found on Madagascar". Sci-News.com. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
      • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Cheirogaleus lavasoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163022131A163022293. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163022131A163022293.en .
    • Lesser iron-gray dwarf lemur:
      • Garbutt, p. 105
      • Andriaholinirina, N.; et al. (2014). "Cheirogaleus minusculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T136800A16111635. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T136800A16111635.en .
    • Montagne d'Ambre dwarf lemur:
      • "Montagne d'Ambre Dwarf Lemur: New Species Found". Sci News. October 12, 2015. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
      • Sgarlata, G. M.; et al. (2020). "Cheirogaleus andysabini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163021607A163021799. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163021607A163021799.en .
    • Sibree's dwarf lemur:
      • Garbutt, p. 104
      • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Cheirogaleus sibreei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T41576A115579719. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41576A115579719.en .
    • Thomas' dwarf lemur:
      • Ganzhorn, J.; et al. (2020). "Cheirogaleus thomasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163022885A163312222. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163022885A163312222.en .
100. Microcebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
     • Genus general diet: Thorén, S.; et al. (2011). "Seasonal Changes in Feeding Ecology and Activity Patterns of Two Sympatric Mouse Lemur Species, the Gray Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus) and the Golden-brown Mouse Lemur (M. ravelobensis), in Northwestern Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology . 32 (3): 566–586. doi:10.1007/s10764-010-9488-1. S2CID   39339969.
     • Anosy mouse lemur:
       • Rasoloarison, R. M.; et al. (2013). "Two new species of mouse lemurs (Cheirogaleidae: Microcebus) from Eastern Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology . 34 (3): 455–469. doi:10.1007/s10764-013-9672-1. S2CID   17860060.
       • Donati, G.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus tanosi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163024481A163024490. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163024481A163024490.en .
     • Arnhold's mouse lemur:
       • Louis Jr., E.; et al. (2008). "Revision of the Mouse Lemurs, Microcebus (Primates, Lemuriformes), of Northern and Northwestern Madagascar with Descriptions of Two New Species at Montagne d'Ambre National Park and Antafondro Classified Forest" (PDF). Primate Conservation . 23 (1): 19–38. doi:10.1896/052.023.0103. S2CID   84533039. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2009.
       • Sgarlata, G. M.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus arnholdi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T16971390A115587373. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971390A115587373.en .
     • Bemanasy mouse lemur: Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus manitatra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163313848A163313878. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163313848A163313878.en .
     • Bongolava mouse lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 98
       • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus bongolavensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136537A115583451. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136537A115583451.en .
     • Brown mouse lemur:
       • Esser, Matthew (2002). "Microcebus rufus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Wright, P.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus rufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T59544947A115588845. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T59544947A115588845.en .
     • Claire's mouse lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 97
       • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus mamiratra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136206A115581016. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136206A115581016.en .
     • Danfoss's mouse lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 99
       • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus danfossi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136347A120487417. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136347A120487417.en .
     • Ganzhorn's mouse lemur:
       • Ganzhorn, J.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus ganzhorni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163313085A163313088. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163313085A163313088.en .
     • Gerp's mouse lemur:
       • Radespiel, U.; et al. (2011). "First indications of a highland specialist among mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) and evidence for a new mouse lemur species from eastern Madagascar". Primates . 53 (2): 157–170. PMID   22198090. S2CID   8473176.
       • Andriaholinirina, N.; et al. (2014). "Microcebus gerpi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T16971461A16971464. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T16971461A16971464.en .
     • Golden-brown mouse lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 90
       • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus ravelobensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39751A115574811. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39751A115574811.en .
     • Goodman's mouse lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 94
       • Dolch, R.; et al. (2022). "Microcebus lehilahytsara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T210364856A210364962. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T210364856A210364962.en .
     • Gray mouse lemur:
       • Alvarado, David (2000). "Microcebus murinus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Reuter, K. E.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Microcebus murinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163314248A182239898. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T163314248A182239898.en .
     • Jolly's mouse lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 95
       • Borgerson, C.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Microcebus jollyae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136458A180179376. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T136458A180179376.en .
     • Jonah's mouse lemur:
       • Schüßler, D.; et al. (2020). "Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species". American Journal of Primatology . 82 (9). doi: 10.1002/ajp.23180 .
       • Schüßler, D.; et al. (2021). "Microcebus jonahi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T196429436A196429566. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T196429436A196429566.en .
       • Schüßler, D.; et al. (2021). "Microcebus jonahi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T196429436A196429566. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T196429436A196429566.en .
     • MacArthur's mouse lemur:
       • Schüßler, D.; et al. (2020). "Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species". American Journal of Primatology . 82 (9). doi: 10.1002/ajp.23180 .
       • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus macarthurii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T16971425A115587527. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971425A115587527.en .
     • Madame Berthe's mouse lemur:
       • Lane, Chelsea (2013). "Microcebus berthae". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Markolf, M.; et al. (2022). "Microcebus berthae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T41573A215090010. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T41573A215090010.en .
     • Margot Marsh's mouse lemur:
       • Louis Jr., E.; et al. (2008). "Revision of the Mouse Lemurs, Microcebus (Primates, Lemuriformes), of Northern and Northwestern Madagascar with Descriptions of Two New Species at Montagne d'Ambre National Park and Antafondro Classified Forest" (PDF). Primate Conservation . 23 (1): 19–38. doi:10.1896/052.023.0103. S2CID   84533039. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2009.
       • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus margotmarshae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T16971364A115587239. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971364A115587239.en .
     • Marohita mouse lemur:
       • Rasoloarison, R. M.; et al. (2013). "Two new species of mouse lemurs (Cheirogaleidae: Microcebus) from Eastern Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology . 34 (3): 455–469. doi:10.1007/s10764-013-9672-1. S2CID   17860060.
       • Andriaholinirina, N.; et al. (2014). "Microcebus marohita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T46251646A46251651. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T46251646A46251651.en .
     • Northern rufous mouse lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 92
       • Sgarlata, G. M.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus tavaratra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T41571A115579176. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41571A115579176.en .
     • Nosy Boraha mouse lemur:
       • Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Microcebus boraha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163314140A182240168. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T163314140A182240168.en .
     • Pygmy mouse lemur:
       • Cudmore, Rebecca (2011). "Microcebus myoxinus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Baden, A.; et al. (2014). "Microcebus myoxinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T13325A16113437. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T13325A16113437.en .
     • Reddish-gray mouse lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 94
       • Ganzhorn, J.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus griseorufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136637A115583923. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136637A115583923.en .
     • Sambirano mouse lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 91
       • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus sambiranensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T41572A115579341. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41572A115579341.en .
     • Simmons' mouse lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 96
       • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus simmonsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163314538A115585545. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163314538A115585545.en .
101. Mirza sizes, habitats, and diets:
     • Coquerel's giant mouse lemur:
       • Garbutt, pp. 108–109
       • LaFleur, M. (2020). "Mirza coquereli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T13584A115567718. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13584A115567718.en .
     • Northern giant mouse lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 110
       • Schwitzer, C. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Mirza zaza". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136684A182240582. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T136684A182240582.en .
102. Phaner sizes, habitats, and diets:
     • Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 111
       • Sgarlata, G. M.; et al. (2020). "Phaner electromontis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T16875A115571235. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16875A115571235.en .
     • Masoala fork-marked lemur:
       • Briercheck, Ken (2023). "Phaner furcifer". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Phaner furcifer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T16872A115570701. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16872A115570701.en .
     • Pale fork-marked lemur:
       • Quinlan, K. Clare (August 2022). "Pale Fork-Marked Lemur, Phaner pallescens". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
       • Borgerson, C. (2020). "Phaner pallescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T16874A115571047. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16874A115571047.en .
     • Pariente's fork-marked lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 111
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Phaner parienti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T16873A115570887. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16873A115570887.en .
103. Boucher, Elizabeth (2007). "Daubentonia madagascariensis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
104. Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Daubentonia madagascariensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T6302A115560793. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T6302A115560793.en .
105. Avahi sizes, habitats, and diets:
     • Bemaraha woolly lemur:
       • Andriantompohavana, R.; et al. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the woolly lemurs, Genus Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes)" (PDF). Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 51: 44–46.
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Avahi cleesei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136335A115582253. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136335A115582253.en .
       • Elster, Eli (June 2023). "Bemaraka Wooly Lemur, Avahi cleesei". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
     • Betsileo woolly lemur:
       • Andriantompohavana, R.; et al. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the woolly lemurs, Genus Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes)" (PDF). Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 51: 44–46.
       • Eppley, T. M.; et al. (2020). "Avahi betsileo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136767A115585814. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136767A115585814.en .
     • Eastern woolly lemur:
       • Ehler, Pam (2002). "Avahi laniger". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Patel, E. (2020). "Avahi laniger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T2434A115559557. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T2434A115559557.en .
     • Moore's woolly lemur:
       • Lei, R.; et al. (2008). "Nocturnal lemur diversity at Masoala National Park". Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 53: 1–48.
       • Eppley, T. M.; et al. (2020). "Avahi mooreorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T16971566A115588141. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971566A115588141.en .
     • Peyrieras's woolly lemur:
       • Esp, Dana (September 2023). "Peyrieras' Wooly Lemur, Avahi peyrierasi". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
       • Eppley, T. M.; et al. (2020). "Avahi peyrierasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136285A115581938. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136285A115581938.en .
     • Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur:
       • Andriantompohavana, R.; et al. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the woolly lemurs, Genus Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes)" (PDF). Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 51: 44–46.
       • Eppley, T. M.; et al. (2020). "Avahi ramanantsoavanai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136434A115583017. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136434A115583017.en .
     • Sambirano woolly lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 180
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Avahi unicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T41579A115579946. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41579A115579946.en .
     • Southern woolly lemur:
       • Andriantompohavana, R.; et al. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the woolly lemurs, Genus Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes)" (PDF). Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 51: 44–46.
       • Donati, G.; et al. (2020). "Avahi meridionalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136369A115582568. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136369A115582568.en .
     • Western woolly lemur:
       • Yu, Andrew (2013). "Avahi occidentalis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Eppley, T. M.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Avahi occidentalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T2435A182234286. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T2435A182234286.en .
106. Lundrigan, Barbara; et al. (2000). "Indri indri". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
107. King, T.; et al. (2020). "Indri indri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10826A115565566. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10826A115565566.en .
108. Propithecus sizes, habitats, and diets:
     • Coquerel's sifaka:
       • Starr, Eric (April 2018). "Coquerel's Sifika, Propithecus coquereli". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Propithecus coquereli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18355A115572275. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18355A115572275.en .
       • Oldenkamp, Ricki (2011). "Propithecus coquereli". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
     • Crowned sifaka:
       • Quinlan, K. Clare (September 2019). "Crowned Sifika, Propithecus coronatus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
       • Razafindramanana, J.; et al. (2020). "Propithecus coronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18356A115572495. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18356A115572495.en .
     • Diademed sifaka:
       • Strunin, Jonathan (2000). "Propithecus diadema". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Irwin, M. (2020). "Propithecus diadema". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18358A115572884. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18358A115572884.en .
     • Golden-crowned sifaka:
       • Raynor, Shelley (2000). "Propithecus tattersalli". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Semel, B.; et al. (2020). "Propithecus tattersalli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18352A115571806. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18352A115571806.en .
     • Milne-Edwards's sifaka:
       • Negron, Lorraine; et al. (2009). "Propithecus edwardsi". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Wright, P.; et al. (2020). "Propithecus edwardsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18359A115573104. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18359A115573104.en .
     • Perrier's sifaka:
       • Gaudreau, Rose (2009). "Propithecus perrieri". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Heriniaina, R.; et al. (2020). "Propithecus perrieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18361A115573556. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18361A115573556.en .
     • Silky sifaka:
       • Correa, Maria (2013). "Propithecus candidus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 30, 2023.
       • Patel, E. (2020). "Propithecus candidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18360A115573359. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18360A115573359.en .
     • Verreaux's sifaka:
       • Freund, Kristi (2011). "Propithecus verreauxi". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Propithecus verreauxi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18354A115572044. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18354A115572044.en .
     • Von der Decken's sifaka:
       • Lussier, Zachary (March 2020). "Von der Deckens' Sifika, Propithecus deckenii". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
       • King, T.; et al. (2020). "Propithecus deckenii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T18357A115572684. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18357A115572684.en .
109. Eulemur sizes, habitats, and diets:
     • Black lemur:
       • Gravatt, Lauren (2019). "Eulemur macaco". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Andriantsimanarilafy, R. R.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Eulemur macaco". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T8212A182235113. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T8212A182235113.en .
     • Blue-eyed black lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 168
       • Volampeno, S.; et al. (2020). "Eulemur flavifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T8211A115563094. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8211A115563094.en .
     • Collared brown lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 164
       • Donati, G.; et al. (2020). "Eulemur collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T8206A115562262. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8206A115562262.en .
     • Common brown lemur:
       • Abrams, Sylvie (January 2021). "Common Brown Lemur, Eulemur fulvus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
       • Irwin, M.; et al. (2020). "Eulemur fulvus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T8207A115562499. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8207A115562499.en .
       • Bharti, Nita (2000). "Eulemur fulvus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
     • Crowned lemur:
       • Suter, Maureen (2000). "Eulemur coronatus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Reuter, K. E.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Eulemur coronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T8199A182239524. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T8199A182239524.en .
     • Gray-headed lemur:
       • Acuna, Jean Marie (2015). "Eulemur cinereiceps". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Johnson, S.; et al. (2020). "Eulemur cinereiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T8205A115562060. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8205A115562060.en .
     • Mongoose lemur:
       • Roycewicz, Jolaine (2001). "Eulemur mongoz". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Razafindramanana, J.; et al. (2020). "Eulemur mongoz". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T8202A115561431. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8202A115561431.en .
     • Red lemur:
       • Peisl, Amelie (2012). "Eulemur rufus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Razafindramanana, J.; et al. (2020). "Eulemur rufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T8209A115562696. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8209A115562696.en .
     • Red-bellied lemur:
       • Zenner, Alexis (2002). "Eulemur rubriventer". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Irwin, M.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Eulemur rubriventer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T8203A189740044. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T8203A189740044.en .
     • Red-fronted lemur:
       • Botting, Jennifer (March 2021). "Red-Fronted Lemur, Eulemur rufifrons". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
       • Johnson, S.; et al. (2020). "Eulemur rufifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136269A115581600. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136269A115581600.en .
     • Sanford's brown lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 156
       • Chikhi, L.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Eulemur sanfordi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T8210A182235685. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T8210A182235685.en .
     • White-headed lemur:
       • Downey, Kathleen (February 2023). "White-Fronted Lemur, Eulemur albifrons". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
       • Borgerson, C.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Eulemur albifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T8204A182121438. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T8204A182121438.en .
110. Hapalemur sizes, habitats, and diets:
     • Eastern lesser bamboo lemur:
       • Burnie; Wilson, p. 138
       • Irwin, M.; et al. (2020). "Hapalemur griseus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T9673A115564580. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9673A115564580.en .
       • Hibbs, John (2011). "Hapalemur griseus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
     • Golden bamboo lemur:
       • Kowalsky, Dana (2014). "Hapalemur aureus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Wright, P.; et al. (2020). "Hapalemur aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T9672A115564398. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9672A115564398.en .
     • Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur:
       • Quinlan, K. Clare (February 2022). "Lac Alaotra Gentle Lemur, Hapalemur alaotrensis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
       • Ralainasolo, F. B.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Hapalemur alaotrensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T9676A182236363. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T9676A182236363.en .
     • Southern lesser bamboo lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 140
       • Donati, G.; et al. (2020). "Hapalemur meridionalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136384A115582831. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136384A115582831.en .
     • Western lesser bamboo lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 139
       • Eppley, T. M.; et al. (2020). "Hapalemur occidentalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T9678A115565375. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9678A115565375.en .
111. Baumhofer, Emma (2017). "Lemur catta". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
112. LaFleur, M.; et al. (2020). "Lemur catta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T11496A115565760. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11496A115565760.en .
113. Hoving, Melissa (2011). "Prolemur simus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
114. Ravaloharimanitra, M.; et al. (2020). "Prolemur simus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T9674A115564770. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9674A115564770.en .
115. Varecia sizes and diets:
     • Black-and-white ruffed lemur:
       • Burnie; Wilson, p. 138
       • Hale, Meg (2019). "Varecia variegata". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
     • Red ruffed lemur: Frailey, Kerstin (2008). "Varecia rubra". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
116. Varecia habitats:
     • Black-and-white ruffed lemur: Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Varecia variegata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22918A115574178. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22918A115574178.en .
     • Red ruffed lemur: Borgerson, C.; et al. (2020). "Varecia rubra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T22920A115574598. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22920A115574598.en .
117. Lepilemur sizes, habitats, and diets:
     • AEECL's sportive lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 130
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur aeeclis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136376A115582704. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136376A115582704.en .
     • Ahmanson's sportive lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 131
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Lepilemur ahmansoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136843A196465915. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136843A196465915.en .
     • Ankarana sportive lemur:
       • DiCesare, Maria (November 2022). "Ankarana Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur ankaranensis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur ankaranensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136731A115585357. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136731A115585357.en .
     • Betsileo sportive lemur:
       • Burnie; Wilson, p. 139
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur betsileo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136662A115584379. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136662A115584379.en .
     • Daraina sportive lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 122
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur milanoii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136609A115583605. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136609A115583605.en .
     • Fleurete's sportive lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 120
       • Donati, G.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur fleuretae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136263A115581448. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136263A115581448.en .
     • Gray-backed sportive lemur:
       • Abrams, Sylvie (December 2021). "Gray-Backed Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur dorsalis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
       • Louis Jr, E. E.; et al. (2022). "Lepilemur dorsalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T210368667A210368927. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T210368667A210368927.en .
     • Grewcock's sportive lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 128
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur grewcockorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136771A115585939. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136771A115585939.en .
     • Hawks' sportive lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 126
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur tymerlachsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136709A115585199. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136709A115585199.en .
     • Holland's sportive lemur:
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur hollandorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T16971489A115587841. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971489A115587841.en .
     • Hubbard's sportive lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 134
       • LaFleur, M.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur hubbardorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136761A115585671. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136761A115585671.en .
     • James' sportive lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 118
       • Andriamisedra, T. R.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur jamesorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136491A115583306. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136491A115583306.en .
     • Milne-Edwards' sportive lemur:
       • Osterman, Julia (2012). "Lepilemur edwardsi". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur edwardsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T11617A115566145. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11617A115566145.en .
     • Northern sportive lemur:
       • Benson, Mike (2006). "Lepilemur septentrionalis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur septentrionalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T11622A115567059. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11622A115567059.en .
     • Otto's sportive lemur:
       • Radespiel, U.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur otto". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136796A115586218. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136796A115586218.en .
     • Petter's sportive lemur:
       • Garbutt, p. 134
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur petteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136677A115584740. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136677A115584740.en .
     • Randrianasolo's sportive lemur:
       • Downey, Kathleen (October 2021). "Randrianasolo's Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur randrianasoloi". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur randrianasoloi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136254A115581313. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136254A115581313.en .
     • Red-tailed sportive lemur:
       • DiCesare, Maria (April 2023). "Red-Tailed Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur ruficaudatus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur ruficaudatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T11621A115566869. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11621A115566869.en .
     • Sahamalaza sportive lemur:
       • Botting, Jennifer (October 2020). "Sahamalaza Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur sahamalaza". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
       • Randriatahina, G.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur sahamalaza". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136645A115584072. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136645A115584072.en .
     • Scott's sportive lemur:
       • Lei, R.; et al. (2008). "Nocturnal lemur diversity at Masoala National Park". Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 53: 1–48.
       • Eppley, T. M.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur scottorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T16971518A115587981. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971518A115587981.en .
     • Seal's sportive lemur:
       • Lei, R.; et al. (2008). "Nocturnal lemur diversity at Masoala National Park". Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 53: 1–48.
       • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur seali". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136707A115585037. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136707A115585037.en .
     • Small-toothed sportive lemur:
       • Covert, Tara (September 2019). "Small-Toothed Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur microdon". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
       • Wright, P.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur microdon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T11619A115566492. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11619A115566492.en .
     • Weasel sportive lemur:
       • Schreffler, Christina (2000). "Lepilemur mustelinus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • LaFleur, M. (2022). "Lepilemur mustelinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T11620A207130315. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T11620A207130315.en .
     • White-footed sportive lemur:
       • Reynolds, Lorien (2005). "Lepilemur leucopus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan . Retrieved October 29, 2023.
       • Eppley, T. M.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur leucopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T11618A115566334. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11618A115566334.en .
     • Wright's sportive lemur:
       • Lei, R.; et al. (2008). "Nocturnal lemur diversity at Masoala National Park". Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 53: 1–48.
       • Wright, P.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur wrightae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136311A115582103. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136311A115582103.en .
118. Euoticus sizes, habitats, and diets:
     • Northern needle-clawed bushbaby:
       • Kingdon 2020, ch. Galagos
       • Cronin, D. T.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Euoticus pallidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T8266A190233329. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8266A190233329.en .
     • Southern needle-clawed bushbaby:
       • Santilli, Lili (2002). "Euoticus elegantulus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
       • Oates, J. F.; et al. (2019). "Euoticus elegantulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T8265A17961768. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8265A17961768.en .
119. Galago sizes and diets:
     • Dusky bushbaby: Kingdon et al., p. 440
     • Mohol bushbaby: Poynter, Therien (2009). "Galago moholi". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
     • Senegal bushbaby:
       • Kingdon 2020, ch. Galagos
       • Ballenger, Liz (2001). "Galago senegalensis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on March 14, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
     • Somali bushbaby: Kingdon 2020, ch. Galagos
120. Galago habitats:
     • Dusky bushbaby: Butynski, T. M.; et al. (2019). "Galago matschiei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T8787A17963414. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8787A17963414.en .
     • Mohol bushbaby: Bearder, S.; et al. (2021). "Galago moholi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T8788A206563837. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T8788A206563837.en .
     • Senegal bushbaby: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2019). "Galago senegalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T8789A17963505. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8789A17963505.en .
     • Somali bushbaby: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2019). "Galago gallarum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T8786A17963185. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8786A17963185.en .
121. Galagoides sizes and diets:
     • Angolan dwarf galago: Svensson, M. S.; et al. (2017). "A giant among dwarfs: a new species of galago (Primates: Galagidae) from Angola". American Journal of Physical Anthropology . 163 (1): 30–43. doi:10.1002/ajpa.23175. PMID   28224607. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
     • Prince Demidoff's bushbaby: Sampson, Christie (2004). "Galago demidoff". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
     • Thomas's bushbaby: Phan, Jeremy (2009). "Galago thomasi". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
122. Galagoides habitats:
     • Angolan dwarf galago: Svensson, M.; et al. (2020). "Galagoides kumbirensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T164378198A164378551. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T164378198A164378551.en .
     • Prince Demidoff's bushbaby: Svensson, M.; et al. (2019). "Galagoides demidoff". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T40649A17962255. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T40649A17962255.en .
     • Thomas's bushbaby: Svensson, M.; et al. (2019). "Galagoides thomasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T40653A17962691. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T40653A17962691.en .
123. Otolemur sizes and diets:
     • Brown greater galago: Lundrigan, Barbara; et al. (2000). "Otolemur crassicaudatus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 5, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
     • Northern greater galago: Tao, Randa (2006). "Otolemur garnettii". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
124. Otolemur habitats:
     • Brown greater galago: Masters, J.; et al. (2019). "Otolemur crassicaudatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T15643A17963699. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T15643A17963699.en .
     • Northern greater galago: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2019). "Otolemur garnettii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T15644A17963837. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T15644A17963837.en .
125. Paragalago sizes and diets:
     • Grant's bushbaby:
       • Kingdon 2020, ch. Galagos
       • de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2019). "Paragalago granti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T91970347A17962454. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T91970347A17962454.en .
     • Kenya coast galago:
       • Kingdon 2020, ch. Galagos
       • Stuart; Stuart, ch. Galagos
     • Rondo dwarf galago: Stuart; Stuart, ch. Galagos
     • Uluguru bushbaby: Kingdon 2020, ch. Galagos
     • Zanzibar bushbaby: Satovsky, Ryan (2006). "Galago zanzibaricus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
126. Paragalago habitats:
     • Grant's bushbaby: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2019). "Paragalago granti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T91970347A17962454. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T91970347A17962454.en .
     • Kenya coast galago: Butynski, T. M.; et al. (2019). "Paragalago cocos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T136212A17963050. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136212A17963050.en .
     • Rondo dwarf galago: Perkin, A. (2020). "Paragalago rondoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T40652A17962115. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T40652A17962115.en .
     • Uluguru bushbaby: Perkin, A. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Paragalago orinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T40651A190242954. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40651A190242954.en .
     • Zanzibar bushbaby: Perkin, A.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Paragalago zanzibaricus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T8790A179843811. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8790A179843811.en .
127. Sciurocheirus sizes and diets:
     • Bioko Allen's bushbaby:
       • Kingdon 2020, ch. Galagos
       • Dengel, Anna (2004). "Galago alleni". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
     • Gabon bushbaby:
       • Stuart; Stuart, ch. Galagos
       • Fitterer, Carolynn (2009). "Galago gabonensis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
     • Makandé squirrel galago: Stuart; Stuart, ch. Galagos
128. Sciurocheirus habitats:
     • Bioko Allen's bushbaby: Perkin, A.; et al. (2020). "Sciurocheirus alleni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T8785A95509640. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8785A95509640.en .
     • Gabon bushbaby: Oates, J. F. (2019). "Sciurocheirus gabonensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T136214A17961659. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136214A17961659.en .
     • Makandé squirrel galago: Svensson, M.; et al. (2020). "Sciurocheirus makandensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T91979463A91979703. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T91979463A91979703.en .
129. Loris sizes and diets:
     • Gray slender loris:
       • Menon, ch. Grey Slender Loris
       • Nishimura, Abi (2012). "Loris lydekkerianus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
     • Red slender loris: McGuinness, Rory (2011). "Loris tardigradus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 7, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
130. Loris habitats:
     • Gray slender loris: Dittus, W.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Loris lydekkerianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T44722A217741551. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44722A217741551.en .
     • Red slender loris: Gamage, S. N.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Loris tardigradus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T12375A217756381. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T12375A217756381.en .
131. Nycticebus sizes and diets:
     • General sizes: Munds, R. A.; et al. (2013) [2012 online]. "Taxonomy of the Bornean slow loris, with new species Nycticebus kayan (Primates, Lorisidae)" (PDF). American Journal of Primatology . 75 (1): 46–56. doi:10.1002/ajp.22071. PMID   23255350. S2CID   17077282. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
     • Bangka slow loris: Nekaris; Bearder, pp. 28–33
     • Bengal slow loris: Smith, Reyd (2015). "Nycticebus bengalensis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
     • Bornean slow loris: Supriatna, p. 25
     • Javan slow loris: Supriatna, pp. 21–22
     • Kayan River slow loris:
       • Munds, R. A.; et al. (2013) [2012 online]. "Taxonomy of the Bornean slow loris, with new species Nycticebus kayan (Primates, Lorisidae)" (PDF). American Journal of Primatology . 75 (1): 46–56. doi:10.1002/ajp.22071. PMID   23255350. S2CID   17077282. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
       • Supriatna, p. 30
     • Philippine slow loris: Ravosa, M. J. (1998). "Cranial allometry and geographic variation in slow lorises (Nycticebus)". American Journal of Primatology . 45 (3): 225–243. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)45:3<225::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-Y. PMID   9651647. S2CID   20144250.
     • Sumatran slow loris:
       • Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2007). "Unexpected diversity of slow lorises (Nycticebus spp.) within the Javan pet trade: implications for slow loris taxonomy". Contributions to Zoology . 76 (3): 187–196. doi:10.1163/18759866-07603004. S2CID   45718454.
       • Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020). "Nycticebus hilleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163019804A163020000. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163019804A163020000.en .
     • Sunda slow loris: Peña, Paul (2013). "Nycticebus coucang". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 9, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
132. Nycticebus habitats:
     • Bangka slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020). "Nycticebus bancanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163015864A163015867. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163015864A163015867.en .
     • Bengal slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Nycticebus bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39758A179045340. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39758A179045340.en .
     • Bornean slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020). "Nycticebus borneanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163015906A163015915. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163015906A163015915.en .
     • Javan slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Nycticebus javanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39761A205911512. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39761A205911512.en .
     • Kayan River slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020). "Nycticebus kayan". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163015583A163015849. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163015583A163015849.en .
     • Philippine slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020). "Nycticebus menagensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163013860A17970781. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163013860A17970781.en .
     • Sumatran slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020). "Nycticebus hilleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163019804A163020000. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163019804A163020000.en .
     • Sunda slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020). "Nycticebus coucang". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T163017685A17970966. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163017685A17970966.en .
133. Gray, Margaret (2011). "Nycticebus pygmaeus". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on March 27, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
134. Blair, M.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Nycticebus pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T14941A198267330. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T14941A198267330.en .
135. Arctocebus sizes and diets:
     • Calabar angwantibo: Olson, Taryn (2003). "Arctocebus calabarensis". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
     • Golden angwantibo:
       • Kingdon 2020, ch. Lorisids
       • Svensson, M.; et al. (2019). "Arctocebus aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T2053A17969875. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T2053A17969875.en .
136. Arctocebus habitats:
     • Calabar angwantibo: Oates, J. F.; et al. (2019). "Arctocebus calabarensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T2054A17969996. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T2054A17969996.en .
     • Golden angwantibo: Svensson, M.; et al. (2019). "Arctocebus aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T2053A17969875. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T2053A17969875.en .
137. Perodicticus sizes and diets:
     • Central African potto:
       • Kingdon et al., p. 399
       • Svensson, M.; et al. (2019). "Perodicticus edwardsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T136852A91996061. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136852A91996061.en .
     • East African potto:
       • Kingdon et al., p. 399
       • de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2019). "Perodicticus ibeanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T136875A91996195. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136875A91996195.en .
     • West African potto: McCann, Kristen (2009). "Perodicticus potto". Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan. Archived from the original on April 21, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
138. Perodicticus habitats:
     • Central African potto: Svensson, M.; et al. (2019). "Perodicticus edwardsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T136852A91996061. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136852A91996061.en .
     • East African potto: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2019). "Perodicticus ibeanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T136875A91996195. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136875A91996195.en .
     • West African potto: Svensson, M.; et al. (2020). "Perodicticus potto". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T91995408A92248699. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T91995408A92248699.en .

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