Eastern lesser bamboo lemur

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Eastern lesser bamboo lemur
Eastern lesser bamboo lemur.jpg
CITES Appendix I (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Family: Lemuridae
Genus: Hapalemur
Species:
H. griseus
Binomial name
Hapalemur griseus
Link, 1795 [3]
Subspecies
  • H. g. griseus(Link, 1795)
  • H. g. gilberti(Rabarivol et al., 2007)
  • H. g. ranomafanensis(Rabarivol et al., 2007)
Hapalemur griseus range map.svg
Distribution of H. griseus [1]
Synonyms
  • cinereusDesmarest, 1820
  • olivaceusI. Geoffroy, 1851
  • schlegeliPocock, 1917
H. g. griseus Grey bamboo lemur (Hapalemur griseus griseus) head.jpg
H. g. griseus

The eastern lesser bamboo lemur (Hapalemur griseus), also known as the gray bamboo lemur, the gray gentle lemur, and the Mahajanga lemur is a small lemur endemic to Madagascar, with three known subspecies. As its name suggests, the eastern lesser bamboo lemur feeds mainly on bamboo. The lemurs of the genus Hapalemur have more manual dexterity and hand–eye coordination than most lemurs. [4] They are vertical climbers and jump from stalk to stalk in thick bamboo forests.

Contents

Subspecies

Range of the three subspecies: red H. g. griseus green = H. g. ranomafanensis purple = H. g. gilberti Hapalemur griseus subspecies range map.svg
Range of the three subspecies:
redH. g. griseus
green = H. g. ranomafanensis
purple = H. g. gilberti

Eastern lesser bamboo lemur

The eastern lesser bamboo lemur (Hapalemur griseus griseus), also known as the gray bamboo lemur, eastern gray bamboo lemur, or gray gentle lemur, was the original species described in 1795 by Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link. [5] It is grey in colour, sometimes with a red patch on its head. It averages 284 mm (11 in) in length with a tail of 370 mm (14.6 in), and a mass of 0.8 kg. Based on data from more than one hundred transect surveys which took place between 2004 and 2009, the population is estimated to be declining. There is an estimated 818 individuals in Ranomafana National Park and the decline in numbers is due to hunting and habitat loss. It is listed by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) on Appendix 1 and the IUCN considers it to be vulnerable. [6]

Gilbert's bamboo lemur

Gilbert's bamboo lemur (H. g. gilberti), also known as Gilbert's gentle lemur or Beanamalao bamboo lemur, was described as a subspecies in 2007, [7] but was raised to species status in 2008. [8] In 2010, it was returned to subspecies status. [9] Its exact distribution is not certain but it is known from a small area of east-central Madagascar from its type locality of Beanamalao, from a small area north of the Nesivolo river and possibly from an area south of the Mangoro River and Onive River. [8] [10] This subspecies lives in dense bamboo stands and areas of bamboo vines and is threatened by habitat loss and degradation. The IUCN considered this subspecies to be 'data deficient' [10] and it is listed by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) on Appendix 1. [10]

Ranomafana bamboo lemur

The Ranomafana bamboo lemur (H. g. ranomafanensis), or Ranomafana gentle lemur, is the third sub-species and is found in three widely separated populations. [11] The exact distribution is not known but in the west of the island it is found in the forests of Tsingy de Bemaraha, probably as far north as the Betsiboka River, and in the Makay massif in the southwest of Madagascar. The eastern population can be found in forests south of the Mangoro River and the Onive River within Ranomafana National Park. It lives in stands of dense bamboo and bamboo vines within tropical moist lowland and montane forest with three-quarters of its diet being bamboo. It will also eat fig leaves, flowers, fungi, grass stems, small fruits and sugar cane. Due to habitat loss, the IUCN has categorised this species as vulnerable. [12] It is listed by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) on Appendix 1. [12]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lemuridae</span> Family of lemurs

Lemuridae is a family of strepsirrhine primates native to Madagascar and the Comoros. They are represented by the Lemuriformes in Madagascar with one of the highest concentration of the lemurs. One of five families commonly known as lemurs. These animals were once thought to be the evolutionary predecessors of monkeys and apes, but this is no longer considered correct. They are formally referred to as lemurids.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bamboo lemur</span> Genus of lemurs

The bamboo lemurs or gentle lemurs are the lemurs in genus Hapalemur. These medium-sized primates live exclusively on Madagascar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater bamboo lemur</span> Species of lemur

The greater bamboo lemur, also known as the broad-nosed bamboo lemur and the broad-nosed gentle lemur, is a species of lemur endemic to the island of Madagascar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater dwarf lemur</span> Species of lemur

The greater dwarf lemur, or the Geoffroy's dwarf lemur, is a lemur that is widely distributed over the primary and secondary forests near the eastern coast of Madagascar. They are also found in northern parts of Madagascar. Greater dwarf lemurs live in forests and dry scrub areas. The head and body of the greater dwarf lemur can range from 167 to 264 millimeters in length, and 164 to 600 grams. Their tails can range from 195 to 310 millimeters in length.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur</span> Species of lemur

The Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur, also known as the Lac Alaotra gentle lemur, Alaotran bamboo lemur, Alaotran gentle lemur, Alaotra reed lemur, or locally as the bandro, is a bamboo lemur. It is endemic to the reed beds in and around Lac Alaotra, in northeast Madagascar. It is about 40 cm (16 in) long, with a similar length tail, and is a brownish-gray colour. It is the only bamboo lemur to live in and feed on papyrus reeds, and other reeds and grasses, and some authorities argue that it should be regarded as a subspecies of the eastern lesser bamboo lemur. The population of this lemur has been declining because of habitat destruction and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as being "critically endangered".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Small-toothed sportive lemur</span> Species of primate from Madagascar

The small-toothed sportive lemur, or small-toothed weasel lemur, is a primate species in the family Lepilemuridae that—like all extant lemurs—is endemic to Madagascar. The species lives in dense rainforest in southeastern Madagascar, and can be found in Ranomafana and Andringitra National Parks. Described in 1894, it was considered either a subspecies or taxonomic synonym of the weasel sportive lemur throughout most of the 20th century. Phylogenetic studies not only support its species status, but also suggest that it is the only eastern Malagasy sportive lemur that is more closely related to western than to other eastern species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern sportive lemur</span> Species of lemur

The northern sportive lemur, also known as the Sahafary sportive lemur or northern weasel lemur, is a species of lemur in the family Lepilemuridae. It is endemic to Madagascar. As a result of severe ecological and human pressures, the lemur is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) by the IUCN Red List.

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The western lesser bamboo lemur, also known as the northern bamboo lemur, western gentle lemur, or Sambirano lesser bamboo lemur, is a species of bamboo lemur endemic to Madagascar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern lesser bamboo lemur</span> Species of lemur

The southern lesser bamboo lemur, also known as the southern bamboo lemur, rusty-gray lesser bamboo lemur, and southern gentle lemur, is a species of bamboo lemur endemic to southern Madagascar.

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References

  1. 1 2 Irwin, M.; Frasier, C.L.; Louis, E.E. (2020). "Hapalemur griseus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T9673A115564580. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9673A115564580.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ↑ "Checklist of CITES Species". CITES. UNEP-WCMC. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  3. ↑ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 116. ISBN   0-801-88221-4. OCLC   62265494.
  4. ↑ "Eastern lesser bamboo lemur". Duke Lemur Center. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  5. ↑ Mittermeier, R.A.; Louis, E.E.; Richardson, M.; Schwitzer, C.; et al. (2010). Lemurs of Madagascar . Illustrated by S.D. Nash (3rd ed.). Conservation International. pp. 322–325. ISBN   978-1-934151-23-5. OCLC   670545286.
  6. ↑ Irwin, M.; Frasier, C.L.; Louis, E.E. (2020). "Hapalemur griseus ssp. griseus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T9677A115565180. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  7. ↑ Rabarivola, C.; Prosper, P.; Zaramody, A.; Andriaholinirina, N. & Hauwy, M. (2007). "Cytogenetics and taxonomy of the genus Hapalemur". Lemur News. 12: 46–49.
  8. 1 2 Mittermeier, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Konstant, W.; Glander, K.; Tattersall, I.; Groves, C.; Rylands, A.; Hapke, A.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Mayor, M.; Louis, E.; Rumpler, Y.; Schwitzer, C. & Rasoloarison, R. (December 2008). "Lemur Diversity in Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology. 29 (6): 1607–1656. doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y. hdl:10161/6237. S2CID   17614597.
  9. ↑ Mittermeier, R.A.; Louis, E.E.; Richardson, M.; Schwitzer, C.; et al. (2010). Lemurs of Madagascar . Illustrated by S.D. Nash (3rd ed.). Conservation International. pp. 326–327. ISBN   978-1-934151-23-5. OCLC   670545286.
  10. 1 2 3 Irwin, M.; Louis, E.E.; Frasier, C.L. (2020). "Hapalemur griseus ssp. gilberti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T136894A115586672. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  11. ↑ Mittermeier, R.A.; Louis, E.E.; Richardson, M.; Schwitzer, C.; et al. (2010). Lemurs of Madagascar . Illustrated by S.D. Nash (3rd ed.). Conservation International. pp. 328–331. ISBN   978-1-934151-23-5. OCLC   670545286.
  12. 1 2 Irwin, M.; Frasier, C.L.; Louis, E.E. (2020). "Hapalemur griseus ssp. ranomafanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T16971595A115588288. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
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