Gray langurs, also called Hanuman langurs and Hanuman monkeys, are Old World monkeys native to the Indian subcontinent constituting the genus Semnopithecus. Traditionally only one species Semnopithecus entellus was recognized, but since about 2001, additional species have been recognized. The taxonomy has been in flux, but currently eight species are recognized.
The lutungs, langurs, or leaf monkeys are a group of Old World monkeys in the genus Trachypithecus. Their range is much of Southeast Asia.
The surilis are a group of Old World monkeys in the genus Presbytis. They live in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, on Sumatra, Borneo, Java and smaller nearby islands. Besides surili, the common names for the monkeys in the genus also sometimes use the terms "langur" or "leaf monkey."
The Nilgiri langur is a langur. This primate has glossy black fur on its body and golden brown fur on its head. It is similar in size and long-tailed like the gray langurs. Females have a white patch of fur on the inner thigh. It typically lives in troops of nine to ten monkeys. Its diet consists of fruits, shoots and leaves. The species is classified as vulnerable due to habitat destruction and poaching for its fur and flesh, the latter believed to have aphrodisiac properties.
The Hatinh langur is a highly threatened Old World monkey found in limestone forests in Vietnam, primarily in the Quảng Bình Province. A recent survey discovered a small population living in the Quảng Trị Province. Contrary to its name, it is not known from the Hà Tĩnh Province. The local Van Kieu minority refer to this lutung as the 'Con Cung', which roughly translates as "black, cliff-dwelling monkey with a long tail". It resembles the closely related François' langur, but its white cheek-stripes typically extend behind the ears onto the nape, and the overall black colour is non-glossy and has a brownish tinge.
The East Javan langur, also known as the ebony lutung, Javan langur or Javan lutung, is an Old World monkey from the Colobinae subfamily. It is most commonly glossy black with a brownish tinge to its legs, sides, and "sideburns". It is found on the island of Java, as well as on several of the surrounding Indonesian islands. The Latin word auratus in its scientific name means "golden", and refers to a less common color variant. Note that the common name golden langur is used for a different species.
The grey-shanked douc langur is a douc species native to the Vietnamese provinces of Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định, Kon Tum, and Gia Lai. The total population was estimated at 550 to 700 individuals in 2004. In 2016, Dr. Benjamin Rawson, Country Director of Fauna & Flora International's Vietnam Programme, announced a discovery of an additional population including more than 500 individuals found in Central Vietnam, bringing the total population up to approximately 1000 individuals.
Delacour's langur or Delacour's lutung is a critically endangered species of lutung endemic to northern Vietnam. It is named for French-American ornithologist Jean Théodore Delacour.
The Cat Ba langur, also known as the golden-headed langur, is a critically endangered species of langur endemic to Cát Bà Island, Vietnam. It is among the rarest primates in the world, and possibly the rarest primate in Asia, with population size estimated at less than 70 individuals.
Phayre's leaf monkey, also known as Phayre's langur, is a species of lutung native to South and Southeast Asia, namely India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Populations from further east are now thought to belong to other species. It is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is threatened by hunting and loss of habitat. The species epithet commemorates Arthur Purves Phayre.
Germain's langur is a lutung native to Thailand, Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. The Old World monkey was previously included in Trachypithecus cristatus and Trachypithecus villosus.
The Indochinese black langur is a poorly known lutung native to Laos and adjacent Vietnam. It was originally described as a subspecies of T. auratus, but was later found to be a member of the T. francoisi group, with some maintaining it as a subspecies of that species. In 2001, it was recommended treating it as a separate species.
The Selangor silvered langur is a species of leaf monkey found on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. It had been previously considered a form of silvery lutung. Roos and colleagues elevated this population to a subspecies level, Trachypithecus cristatus selangorensis, in 2008. It has since come to be regarded by primatologists as a separate species, Trachypithecus selangorensis.
Tilo Nadler is a primatologist and the founder of Endangered Primate Rescue Center (EPRC), which is the first wildlife rehabilitation center in Indochina.
The West Javan langur is an Old World monkey from the Colobinae subfamily. It was formerly considered a subspecies of Trachypithecus auratus until it was elevated to a separate species by Roos and Groves. It is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. Its range is restricted to the island of Java west of Jakarta. Its range is currently restricted to Ujung Kulon National Park, Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve and Muara Gembong due to industrial development, habitat fragmentation and the disconnection of protected areas. They are known to eat the leaves and fruits of Sonneratia in mangroves.
The Annamese langur is an Old World monkey from the Colobinae subfamily. It was formerly considered a subspecies of Trachypithecus germaini until it was elevated to a separate species by Roos and Groves in 2008. Its fur is lighter in colour than that of Trachypithecus germaini. Its range includes parts of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.
The Popa langur is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is found exclusively in Myanmar. It was named after Mount Popa, where a population of 100 of the monkeys live. It is believed to be critically endangered, with 200 to 250 individuals remaining in the wild.
The Shan State langur is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. It is found in eastern Myanmar and southwest China. It had been generally considered a subspecies or even a synonym of Phayre's leaf monkey until Roos, et al., elevated it to species status in 2020.
The Indochinese grey langur is a species of lutung native to East and Southeast Asia.
