Stylinodon

Last updated

Stylinodon
Temporal range: 53.4–39.7  Ma
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
early to middle Eocene
Stylinodon mirusDB24.jpg
life restoration of Stylinodon mirus
Gfp-stylinodon.jpg
skull of Stylinodon mirus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Clade: Eutheria
Infraclass: Placentalia (?)
Order: Taeniodonta
Superfamily: Stylinodontoidea
Family: Stylinodontidae
Subfamily: Stylinodontinae
Tribe: Stylinodontini
Marsh, 1875 [1]
Genus: Stylinodon
Marsh, 1874 [2]
Type species
Stylinodon mirus
Marsh, 1874
Synonyms [3]
synonyms of species:
  • S. mirus:
    • Calamodon cylindrifer(Cope, 1881) [4]
    • Stylinodon cylindrifer(Wortman, 1896) [5]
    • Stylinodon inexplicatus(Schoch & Lucas, 1981) [6]

Stylinodon ("tooth with pilar-like fibers") [7] is an extinct genus of taeniodonts from extinct tribe Stylinodontini within subfamily Stylinodontinae and family Stylinodontidae, that lived in North America from early to middle Eocene. [8] [9] [10] [11]

Contents

With a weight between 54.9 kg (121 lb) and 109 kg (240 lb), [8] and length of 1.30 m (4 ft 3 in), [8] it had similar size to a pig. The skull suggests it had a blunt face, and a very short snout. Its canines had developed into huge, incisor-like root-less teeth. Stylinodon's molars were covered in enamel and continued growing throughout its life. Most likely, it fed on rough roots and tubers. [12]

Phylogeny

  Placentalia  

Atlantogenata Elephas africanus - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - (white background).jpg

Boreoeutheria Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XI).jpg

Palaeoryctida

Ambilestes

Procerberidae

Alveugena

  Taeniodonta  

Schowalteria

  Stylinodontoidea  
  Stylinodontidae  

Wortmaniinae Wortmania otariidens recon 1.png

  Stylinodontinae  

Psittacotheriini Psittacotherium multifragumDB24.jpg

Ectoganini

 Stylinodontini 
 Stylinodon 

Stylinodon mirus Stylinodon mirusDB24.jpg

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert M. Schoch</span> American geologist

Robert Milton Schoch is an American associate professor of Natural Sciences at the College of General Studies, Boston University. Following initial work as a vertebrate paleontologist, Schoch co-authored and expanded the fringe Sphinx water erosion hypothesis since 1990, and is the author of several pseudohistorical and pseudoscientific books.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cimolesta</span> Extinct order of mammals

Cimolesta is an extinct order of non-placental eutherian mammals. Cimolestans had a wide variety of body shapes, dentition and lifestyles, though the majority of them were small to medium-sized general mammals that bore superficial resemblances to rodents, lagomorphs, mustelids, and marsupials.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taeniodonta</span> Extinct order of mammals

Taeniodonta is an extinct order of eutherian mammals, that lived in North America and Europe from the late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to middle Eocene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stylinodontidae</span> Extinct family of mammals

Stylinodontidae is an extinct family of mammals from extinct superfamily Stylinodontoidea within extinct order Taeniodonta, that lived in North America from the early Paleocene to middle Eocene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dinocerata</span> Extinct order of mammals

Dinocerata or Uintatheria, also known as uintatheres, is an extinct order of large herbivorous hoofed mammals with horns and protuberant canine teeth, known from the Paleocene and Eocene of Asia and North America. With body masses ranging up to 4,500 kilograms (9,900 lb) they represent some of the earliest known large mammals.

<i>Oodectes</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Oodectes is an extinct paraphyletic genus of placental mammals from clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in North America from the early to middle Eocene.

<i>Meniscotherium</i>

Meniscotherium is an extinct genus of dog-sized mammal which lived 54–38 million years ago. It was a herbivore and had hooves. Fossils have been found in Utah, New Mexico. and Colorado. Many individuals have been found together, indicating that it lived in groups.

<i>Psittacotherium</i> Genus of extinct placental mammals

Psittacotherium is an extinct genus of taeniodonts from extinct tribe Psittacotheriini within subfamily Stylinodontinae and family Stylinodontidae, that lived in North America from early to late Paleocene. With a weight between 35.6 kg (78 lb) and 71.2 kg (157 lb), and length of 1.125 m, it had similar size of a large dog.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tillodontia</span> Extinct suborder of mammals

Tillodontia is an extinct suborder of eutherian mammals known from the Early Paleocene to Late Eocene of China, the Late Paleocene to Middle Eocene of North America where they display their maximum species diversity, the Middle Eocene of Pakistan, and the Early Eocene of Europe. Leaving no descendants, they are most closely related to the pantodonts, another extinct group. The tillodonts were medium- to large-sized animals that probably fed on roots and tubers in temperate to subtropical habitats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Jose Formation</span> A geologic formation in New Mexico

The San Jose Formation is an Early Eocene geologic formation in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado.

Schowalteria is a genus of extinct mammal from the Cretaceous of Canada. It is the earliest known representative of order Taeniodonta, a specialised lineage of eutherian mammals otherwise found in Paleocene and Eocene deposits. It is notable for its large size, being among the largest of Mesozoic mammals, as well as its speciation towards herbivory, which in some respects exceeds that of its later relatives.

<i>Viverravus</i> Extinct genus of mammals

Viverravus is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct subfamily Viverravinae within extinct family Viverravidae, that lived in North America, Europe and Asia from the middle Paleocene to middle Eocene.

<i>Protictis</i> Extinct genus of carnivores

Protictis is an extinct paraphyletic genus of placental mammals from extinct subfamily Didymictinae within extinct family Viverravidae, that lived in North America from early Paleocene to middle Eocene.

<i>Ectoganus</i> Extinct genus of taeniodonts

Ectoganus is an extinct genus of taeniodonts from tribe Ectoganini within subfamily Stylinodontinae and family Stylinodontidae, that lived in North America from late Paleocene to early Eocene.

<i>Hemipsalodon</i> Extinct genus of mammals

Hemipsalodon is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from the subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in North America during the middle to late Eocene.

<i>Conoryctella</i> Genus of extinct mammal from the Paleocene

Conoryctella is an extinct genus of taeniodonts from extinct tribe Conoryctellini within extinct subfamily Conoryctinae and extinct family Conoryctidae, that lived in North America during the early Paleocene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Conoryctidae</span> Extinct family of mammals

Conoryctidae is an extinct family of mammals from extinct order Taeniodonta, that lived in North America and Europe from the early Paleocene to early Eocene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stylinodontinae</span> Extinct family of mammals

Stylinodontinae is an extinct subfamily of mammals from extinct family Stylinodontidae, that lived in North America from the early Paleocene to middle Eocene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Conoryctinae</span> Extinct family of mammals

Conoryctinae is an extinct subfamily of taeniodonts from extinct family Conoryctidae, that lived in North America from the early to middle Paleocene.

<i>Wortmania</i> Genus of extinct mammal from the Paleocene

Wortmania is an extinct genus of taeniodonts from extinct subfamily Wortmaniinae within extinct family Stylinodontidae, that lived in North America during the early Paleocene.

References

  1. Marsh, O. C. (1875.) "New Order of Eocene Mammals." American Journal of Science 9:221
  2. O. C. Marsh (1874.) "Notice of new Tertiary mammals. III." American Journal of Science, series 3 7(41):531-534
  3. J. Alroy (2002.) "Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals."
  4. E. D. Cope (1881). ""On the Vertebrata of the Wind River Eocene beds of Wyoming."". Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey. 6 (1): 183–202.
  5. Wortman, J. L. (1896.) "The Ganodonta and their relationship to the Edentata." Bulletin of the AMNH; vol. 9, article 6
  6. Schoch, R. M.; Lucas, S. G. (1981). ""The systematics of Stylinodon, a middle to late Eocene taeniodont (Mammalia) from western North America."". J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 1: 175–83. doi:10.1080/02724634.1981.10011890. JSTOR   4522849.
  7. Palmer, Theodore Sherman (1904). Index Generum Mammalium: A List of the Genera and Families of Mammals. U.S. Government Printing Office.
  8. 1 2 3 Schoch, Robert M. (1986.) "Systematics, functional morphology and macroevolution of the extinct mammalian order Taeniodonta." Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, (42).
  9. McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN   978-0-231-11012-9 . Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  10. S. G. Lucas, R. M. Schoch, and T. E. Williamson (1998.) "Taeniodonta". In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals", Cambridge University Press, 703 pages
  11. Williamson, T. E.; Brusatte, S. L. (2013). Viriot, Laurent (ed.). "New Specimens of the Rare Taeniodont Wortmania (Mammalia: Eutheria) from the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Comments on the Phylogeny and Functional Morphology of "Archaic" Mammals". PLOS ONE. 8 (9): e75886. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...875886W. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075886 . PMC   3786969 . PMID   24098738.
  12. Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 237. ISBN   1-84028-152-9.