Paraguayans

Paraguayans

Flag of Paraguay
Regions with significant populations
Paraguay      6,109,644 (2022 census) [1]
Argentina	690,948 [2]
Spain	64,547 [2]
Brazil	52,770 [2]
United States	34,307 [2]
Canada	8,000 [3]
Japan	2,215 [4]
Languages
Paraguayan Spanish, Guarani, other indigenous languages, Portuguese German [5]
Religion
Predominantly Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, indigenous religions [6]

Paraguayans (Spanish : paraguayos) are the citizens of Paraguay. ^[7]

Though the majority of Paraguayans reside in Paraguay, significant communities have been established in multiple countries, most noticeably Argentina, Spain, United States, Brazil.

History

The first inhabitants of Paraguay were the Guarani people. ^[8]

Racial and ethnic groups

As in other Latin American countries, in Paraguay, from the onset of Spanish colonization and settlement, miscegenation or mestizaje was the norm rather than the exception. Paraguay has one of the most homogeneous populations in South America. About 75% of the people are mestizo (mixed Spanish and Guaraní Native American descent), 20% are Whites, and the rest are small minorities of Indigenous or Afro Paraguayan origin. ^[9]

Main self-identified ethnic group (Lizcano Fernández) [9] [10]
Ancestry/colour
Mestizo			74.5%
White			20.0%
Black / mulatto			3.5%
Indigenous			1.5%
Asian			0.5%

European or white

Main article: White Paraguayans

Indigenous

Main article: Indigenous peoples in Paraguay

While only a 1.7% of Paraguay's population is fully indigenous according to the 2012 national census, 75% of the population identifies as being partially of indigenous descent; ^[11] however, the majority do not identify as being indigenous but as Mestizos.

Languages

Paraguay is predominantly a bilingual country, as the majority of the population uses Spanish and Guaraní. The Constitution of Paraguay of 1992 established Spanish and Guaraní as official languages. ^[12] Spanish, an Indo-European language of the Romance branch, is understood by about 90% of the population as a first or second language. Guaraní, an indigenous language of the Tupian family, is understood by 77%, and its use is regulated by the Academy of the Guaraní Language. ^{[13] [14]}

According to Instituto Cervantes' 2020 report "El Español: Una lengua viva", 68.2% of the Paraguayan population (4,946,322 inhabitants) has decent mastery of the Spanish language. The remaining 31.8% (2,306,350 inhabitants) belongs to the Group of Limited Competence, having minimal mastery of the language; the majority of them are Guaraní speakers and speak Spanish as a second language. ^[15] Only 7.93% are monolingual in Guaraní. ^[16]

Population

#	Department	Population (2022 census) [17]
1	Central	1 866 562
2	Alto Paraná	784 839
3	Asunción	477 346
4	Itapúa	436 966
5	Caaguazú	430 142
6	San Pedro	341 895
7	Cordillera	271 475
8	Concepción	204 536
9	Paraguarí	199 430
10	Canindeyú	189 128
11	Guairá	180 121
12	Amambay	173 770
13	Caazapá	140 060
14	Presidente Hayes	126 880
15	Misiones	114 542
16	Ñeembucú	85 749
17	Boquerón	68 595
18	Alto Paraguay	17 608
Total		6 109 644

Sex

• Men: 3 078 994: 50,3%
• Women: 3 030 650: 49,7%

Classification

Main article: Paraguayan nationality law

See also

• Paraguay portal

• List of Paraguayans
• Criollo people
• Paraguayan Americans
• Paraguayans in Spain

References

1. "Paraguay has 6,109,644 inhabitants, according to the last Census". ABC Color (in Spanish). 31 August 2023. Archived from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
2. "Paraguay - Emigrantes totales 2019 - Datosmacro.com" (in Spanish).
3. "Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination". Migration Policy Institute .
4. "在留外国人統計（旧登録外国人統計）" (in Japanese). 15 December 2023. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
5. "Paraguay - World Directory of Minorities & Indigenous Peoples".
6. "Paraguayans".
7. Ethnic Groups of the Americas: An Encyclopedia.
8. "history - PARAGUAY".
9. Francisco Lizcano Fernández (2005). "Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI" [Ethnic Composition of the Three Cultural Areas of the American Continent at the Beginning of the 21st Century]. Convergencia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (in Spanish). 12 (38): 185–232.
10. Lizcano Fernández, Francisco (2004). "Las etnias centroamericanas en la segunda mitad del siglo XX" (PDF). Revista Mexicana del Caribe. IX (17). Retrieved 2011-05-04.
11. "Paraguay: Ethnic Groups." CIA: The World Factbook. (retrieved 12 July 2011)
12. "Paraguay - Constitution, Article 140 About Languages" . Retrieved 3 December 2007– via International Constitutional Law Project. (see translator's note)
13. "Paraguay". 1 June 2011. Archived from the original on 1 June 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
14. Espinoza, Ariel (24 August 2012). "Guaraní: Identidad histórica paraguaya". ABC (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 December 2023.
15. Instituto Cervantes. El español: una lengua viva. Informe 2020 (PDF). Retrieved 2 December 2023– via cvc.cervantes.es.
16. Instituto Cervantes. El español: una lengua viva. Informe 2020 (PDF). Retrieved 2 December 2023– via cvc.cervantes.es.
17. "Censo Nacional de Población y Viviendas 2022 - Resultados Preliminares" (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadística. 31 August 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.