Paranotothenia magellanica

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Paranotothenia magellanica
Paranotothenia magellanica (Maori cod).gif
Drawing by Dr Tony Ayling
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Nototheniidae
Genus: Paranotothenia
Species:
P. magellanica
Binomial name
Paranotothenia magellanica
Synonyms [1]
  • Gadus magellanicusJ. R. Forster, 1801
  • Notothenia magellanica(J. R. Forster, 1801)
  • Notothenia macrocephalus Günther, 1860
  • Notothenia maoriensis Haast, 1873

Paranotothenia magellanica, also known as Magellanic rockcod, Maori cod, blue notothenia or orange throat notothen, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Southern Ocean. "Maori chief" and "black cod", sometimes used for this species, usually refer to fishes from the related genus Notothenia. Being a perciform fish, it is unrelated to the true cods of the order Gadiformes. This species is commercially important as a food fish.

Contents

Taxonomy

Paranotothenia magellanica was first formally described as Gadus magellanicus in 1801 by the German naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster with the type locality given as the Straits of Magellan. [2] The Russian ichthyologist Arkady Vladimirovich Balushkin placed it in its own monotypic genus, Paranotothenia , in 1976. [3] A second species P. dewitti was described by Balushkin in 1990. [2] The specific name refers to the type locality. [4]

Description

Paranotothenis magellanica has a wide head with a short snout and a mouth which reaches as far back as the middle of the eye. The front part of the snout is steep, with a prominent bulge before the eye. The eyes are noticeable more widely spaced than those of Notothenia. The wide cranium has a rough upper surface with lots of crests, bumps and pits. The crest over the eye extends rearwards quite far. The head is largely unscaled, although there are small patches of scales to the rear of the eyes. The majority of the body scales are non-ctenoid. The caudal fin ranges from forked in juveniles, emarginate or infrequently slightly rounded in larger individuals to emarginate in the largest fishes found off Antarctica. [5] They have large scales large with the upper lateral line having 36 to 46 tubed scales and the middle lateral line having 5 to 14 tubed scales. There are two dorsal fins, the first is short-based [6] and contains 3 to 6 spines, the second dorsal fin has 28-31 soft rays while the anal fin has 22-25 soft rays. This species attains a maximum total length of 38 cm (15 in), [1] although 45 cm (18 in) has been reported. The upper body is dark blue, greyish-green, brown or black while the abdomen is cream, gold-yellow or reddish. The gill membranes can be orange or red. [6]

Distribution and habitat

Paranotothenia magellanica is found in the Southern Ocean. It occurs off the southern tip of South America and off the Falkland Islands, South Georgia, South Orkney, South Shetland, Prince Edward, Crozet, Kerguelen, Heard and Macquarie islands as well as around southern New Zealand as far north as Kaikōura and around associated islands, it is rare in the Ross Sea. [1] [6] It is found from the surface down to 250 m (820 ft). [6] Large individuals in Antarctic waters are apparently pelagic. Adults elsewhere appear to stay close to shore and may also be pelagic in habit to some extent as they are rarely captured in large bottom trawls. [5]

Biology

Paranotothenia magellanica has pelagic fingerlings which have been captured some distance from land over deep water. Off the Kerguelen Islands spawning appears to occur in April and May, a female may lay 60,000-70,000 pelagic eggs which are about 0.8 mm in diameter. Magellanic rockcod feed have been recorded to eat the algae, amphiipos, the crab Halicarcinus planatus , the squat lobster Munida gregaria , copepods, isopods, hydrozoans, larval crustaceans and molluscs, including the bivalve Gaimardia trapesina . The Magellanic cod is the most abundant inshore fish in the waters off Marion Island and off Macquarie Island. [5]

Fisheries

Paranotothenia magellanica is caught as a foodfish. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nototheniidae</span> Family of fishes

Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes, is a family of ray-finned fishes, part of the suborder Notothenioidei which is traditionally placed within the order Perciformes. They are largely found in the Southern Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marbled rockcod</span> Species of fish

The marbled rockcod is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Southern Ocean, where it can be found at depths from 5 to 350 m. This is a commercially important species.

<i>Notothenia</i> Genus of fishes

Notothenia is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes with the species in this genus often having the common name of rockcod. They are native to the Southern Ocean and other waters around Antarctica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Painted notie</span> Species of fish

The painted notie, or painted notothen, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Southern Ocean.

<i>Pagothenia</i> Genus of fishes

Pagothenia is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. These fishes occur in the Southern Ocean.

<i>Trematomus</i> Genus of fishes

Trematomus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. These fishes occur in the Southern Ocean.

<i>Gobionotothen</i> Genus of fishes

Gobionotothen is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. They are native to the Southern Ocean.

<i>Gvozdarus</i> Genus of fishes

Gvozdarus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Southern Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey rockcod</span> Species of fish

The grey rockcod, also known as the grey notothen, stripe-eyes notothen or stripe-eyed rockcod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Southern Ocean. The grey rockcod feeds mainly on macrozooplankton and is of minor importance to commercial fisheries. It is the only species in the genus Lepidonotothen.

<i>Lindbergichthys</i> Genus of fishes

Lindbergichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toad notie</span> Species of fish

The toad notie, or toad notothen, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean.

Nototheniops is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. The species in this genus are native to the Southern Ocean.

<i>Paranotothenia</i> Genus of fishes

Paranotothenia is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. These fishes are native to the Southern Ocean.

<i>Patagonotothen</i> Genus of fishes

Patagonotothen is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. They are native to the southeast Pacific Ocean, southern Atlantic Ocean and the Southern Ocean.

<i>Lindbergichthys nudifrons</i> Species of fish

Lindbergichthys nudifrons, the yellowfin rockcod, also known as the yellow notie or the gaudy notothen, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean.

<i>Gvozdarus svetovidovi</i> Species of fish

Gvozdarus svetovidovi, the naked-head toothfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is found in the Ross and Cooperation Seas, probably south of the Antarctic Polar Front from pelagic waters down to depths of 550 m (1,804 ft), though it is normally found in a pelagic environment.

<i>Gobionotothen gibberifrons</i> Species of fish

Gobionotothen gibberifrons, the humped rockcod or the humphead notothen, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the islands of the Scotia Arc, the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula, and Heard Island in the Southern Ocean. This species inhabits depths of 6-429 m, but is most abundant at depths of 100-400 m, at least around Elephant Island.

Gobionotothen acuta, the triangular rockcod or the triangular notothen, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, the Heard Islands and the Kerguelen Plateau in the Southern Ocean.

<i>Notothenia cyanobrancha</i> Species of fish

Notothenia cyanobrancha, the blue rockcod, bluegillnotothen, or bluegill rockcod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is native to the Kerguelen and Heard Islands in the Southern Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stocky rockcod</span> Species of ray-finned fish

The stocky rockcod, also known as the bandtail notothen, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nototheniidae, the notothens or cod icefishes. It is found in the Southern Ocean.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2021). "Paranotothenia magellanica" in FishBase. June 2021 version.
  2. 1 2 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Paranotothenia". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  3. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Nototheniidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  4. ↑ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (12 April 2021). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Notothenoididei: Families Bovichtidae, Pseaudaphritidae, Elegopinidae, Nototheniidae, Harpagiferidae, Artedidraconidae, Bathydraconidae, Channichthyidae and Percophidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 H.H. Dewitt; P.C. Heemstra; and O. Gon (1990). "Nototheniidae Notothens". In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. ISBN   9780868102115.
  6. 1 2 3 4 McMillan, P.J.; Francis, M.P.; Paul, L.J.; et al. (2011). New Zealand fishes. Volume 2: A field guide to less common species caught by bottom and midwater fishing. New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report. Vol. 78. p. 139.
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