Payton Gendron

Last updated

Payton Gendron
Payton Gendron following his arrest after the 2022 Buffalo shooting.png
Payton Gendron following his initial arrest, 2022
Born
Payton Spencer Gendron [1]

(2003-06-20) June 20, 2003 (age 22) [2]
Conklin, New York, U.S.
Known forPerpetrator of the 2022 Buffalo shooting
Motive
Convictions 25 counts [a]
Criminal charge27 counts [b]
SentenceState:
11 concurrent life sentences without the possibility of parole plus 90 years to run consecutively
Details
DateMay 14, 2022
Locations Buffalo, New York, U.S.
Target African Americans
Killed10
Injured3
Weapons

Payton Spencer Gendron (born June 20, 2003) is an American mass murderer, white supremacist, and neo-Nazi who committed a mass shooting at a Tops Friendly Markets in Buffalo, New York, in which he killed 10 people and injured 3 others, on May 14, 2022. [14] Gendron, who was 18 years old at the time, had traveled three and a half hours to the supermarket from his hometown of Conklin, New York. [15] Gendron was inspired to do the attack after learning about numerous white supremacist mass murderers through 4chan during isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. His main inspiration was Brenton Tarrant, the perpetrator of the Christchurch mosque shootings, who also livesteamed his attack online. [16] [17]

Contents

On May 14, 2022, at around 2:30 p.m., Gendron arrived at the supermarket, where he shot 13 people, 11 of whom were black and 2 of whom were white. At 2:36 p.m., Gendron had gone to the front of the building, which was surrounded by law enforcement, where he was arrested. [18] [19] He had planned to attack more locations if he hadn't been arrested and escaped. [20] He was taken into custody and charged with over 25 counts, including first-degree murder and terrorism. He formally entered a plea of "not guilty" on all the charges on May 19. [21]

On November 28, 2022, Gendron pleaded guilty to all state charges in the shooting, including murder, domestic terrorism, and hate crimes in an attempt to avoid the death penalty. [5] On February 15, 2023, Gendron was sentenced to 11 concurrent life sentences without the possibility of parole; as of that date, federal charges are still ongoing, [22] and the federal prosecution also expressed their intention to seek the death penalty. [23] His federal trial is set to begin on August 17, 2026. [24]

Early life and education

Payton Spencer Gendron was born on June 20, 2003 in Conklin, New York. He was described by friends as a quiet, reclusive, and nice person; however, he exhibited a range of idiosyncratic behaviors, including wearing a hazmat suit to class. [25] [26] He graduated from Susquehanna Valley High School in 2021 and was a student at SUNY Broome Community College at the time of the shooting, but rarely attended in-person classes. [27] His parents are civil engineers and, according to his neighbors, Gendron had previously stated an intention to become one as well. [28]

Investigation of previous threat

In June 2021, Gendron had been investigated for making a "generalized threat" or "a threatening statement" at his high school by the police in Broome County. [29] Accounts of the nature of the threat vary; one government official told The Buffalo News that Gendron had threatened to commit a mass shooting at a graduation ceremony, [30] while NBC News states that a teacher had asked him about his plans after the school year, to which Gendron responded, "I want to murder and commit suicide." [31] Contradicting these accounts, in an online chat log from December 9, 2021, Gendron describes staying in the emergency room of a hospital for 20 hours on May 28, 2021, as a result of stating his intention to commit murder–suicide in an online assignment for his economics class, in which Gendron was asked what he wished to do when he retired. He was referred to a hospital for mental health evaluation and counseling but was released after being held for a day and a half. [32] Gendron described the hospital stay as a very negative experience from which he gained encouragement to take action. [33]

Gendron told police that he was merely joking; however, Gendron later wrote online that this was actually a well-executed bluff. [34] [35] He was not charged in connection with the incident since, according to investigators, he had not made a specific enough threat to warrant further action. [35] The New York State Police did not seek an order from a state court to remove guns from Gendron's possession. [35] [36] The mental health evaluation was not an involuntary commitment, which would have prohibited him from buying guns under federal law. [35]

Weapons

Gendron cleared the background check by filling in Form 4473, as is typically required under U.S. federal law. During the purchase of the Bushmaster XM-15 AR-15–style rifle used in the shooting, the seller said that Gendron passed the background check and that the seller did not remember Gendron. [37] [13] Gendron cleared another check while purchasing a shotgun at a store in the neighboring town of Great Bend, Pennsylvania, located 8.7 miles (14.0 km) away from his Conklin house, saying that he would use it for target practice; this shotgun was later recovered by police from Gendron's car. [35] Since New York state prohibits the purchase and possession of ammunition magazines capable of holding more than ten rounds of ammunition, Gendron traveled to Pennsylvania from his home in New York state to purchase a 30-round ammunition magazine. [38] Before the shooting, Gendron wrote that he had purchased a rifle and illegally modified it in order for it to accept 30-round magazines; as New York has a ban on assault weapons. [39] [11] Gendron also wrote that he selected an AR-15–style rifle for its effectiveness, and that he specifically selected the Bushmaster XM-15 for its notoriety. [40]

The police said that Gendron had been in Buffalo in early March, [34] and was also there the day before the shooting, having carried out reconnaissance at the Tops supermarket. [21] According to police, he had researched previous hate-motivated attacks and shootings. [21] According to a childhood friend of Gendron's, Gendron came to the friend's house the day before the shooting and left five boxes of ammunition. Supposedly, Gendron told the friend that he left the ammunition because he needed to rearrange his own house, and that he would retrieve the ammunition later. [41] [34]

On one of his rifles, Gendron had reportedly written the word nigger along with mocking references to reparations. [42] Gendron's gun also reportedly was covered with references to white supremacist mass murderers Dylann Roof, Robert Bowers, Brenton Tarrant, and John Earnest, the acronym SYGAOWN (Stop Your Genocide Against Our White Nations), [43] far-right slang "Buck status: broken", [44] the year 2083—a reference to the manifesto of Anders Behring Breivik [45] —and a depiction of the Archangel Michael's Cross of the fascist Romanian Iron Guard. [45] [46] [47] A law enforcement source told The Daily Beast that Gendron had also written on his rifle the names of one or more victims of the Waukesha Christmas parade attack. [48] On the weapons in his car, which had not been used during the shooting, he reportedly had written "White Lives Matter" and, according to CNN, "what appears to be the name of a victim of a crime committed by a Black suspect." [49]

Manifesto

Prior to the shooting, Gendron supposedly wrote and released online a 180-page manifesto that primarily references the topic of mass immigration. The manifesto was originally posted on Google Docs on the evening of May 12, two days before the attack, and according to file data, it has not been modified since. [50] Federal law enforcement sources told CNN that they were reviewing the document [9] [51] along with Gendron's 673-page online diary. [33] The manifesto contains biographical information of the author identical to that of Gendron, such as the author sharing Gendron's birth date. [50]

The author describes himself as someone who identified as falling "in the mild-moderate authoritarian left category", while expressing qualified support for the "LGB" community, [52] and holding white supremacist, anti-Semitic, [9] populist, and ecofascist views. [53] He claims to have adopted these ideological stances after he visited the discussion board /pol/ on 4chan, an imageboard, as well as the website The Daily Stormer beginning in May 2020, [1] on which he saw "infographics, shitposts, and memes" around the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. [50] [54] [55] The manifesto primarily promotes the white nationalist and far-right Great Replacement conspiracy theory of Renaud Camus, which claims that elites are promoting immigration and decreasing white birth rates in an attempt to subject whites to a genocide. [1] [56] The manifesto also says that Jews and societal elites are responsible for transgender inclusivity and non-white immigration, that black people disproportionately kill white people, and that non-whites will overwhelm and wipe out the white race. [16] [17]

The manifesto's author also expressed support for far-right mass shooters Dylann Roof, Anders Behring Breivik, and Brenton Tarrant. [1] [57] [58] About 28% of the document is plagiarized from other sources, especially Tarrant's manifesto. [59] [54] As much as 57% of the text-based ideological sections were plagiarized in this manner; this was measured by excluding the sections which consisted of Internet meme images, other pictures taken from online, and logistical discussion about the equipment for the attack. [60]

The planning for the attack commenced in January 2022. Buffalo was targeted because it was the city closest to the author's home that had the most black residents. He then proceeded to select the ZIP Code area within Buffalo with the highest percentage of black residents. [9] [61] The manifesto includes extensive details about preparations for the supermarket attack itself and a plan, following the initial shooting, to travel to a majority-black neighborhood in Buffalo to conduct further attacks. [50] [58] [62] It characterizes the attack as having been "intended to terrorize all nonwhite, non-Christian people and get them to leave the country." [63]

Activity on chat logs and online diary

Gendron is also reported to have had an account on the chat platform Discord, with the same username as the Twitch user who livestreamed the attack. [34] Thousands of chat logs were retrieved from the account's postings in a private chatroom, which were written in the form of an online diary and range from November 2021 to May 13, 2022. The logs include photos of Gendron, and the author claimed to be Gendron. [33] [34] [64] Police said that they believed the messages are genuine. [65] The chat logs reference a speeding ticket that is consistent with one received by Gendron. [66] The logs also include to-do list items seemingly indicating that the author was preparing for the attack. [67] The chat logs indicated that the attack was originally planned to occur on March 15 so that the author could commemorate the anniversary of the Christchurch mosque shootings. [34] [68] However, the attack was delayed due to the author developing a case of COVID-19. [69] [70] The logs contained indications from as early as November 2021 that the author planned to livestream a mass shooting targeting black people. [63] He claimed authorship of a post on 4chan from November 9, 2021, that said, "a brenton tarrant event[ sic ] will happen again soon." [66]

The online diary also had sketches of the layout of the inside of the Tops supermarket. [63] The diary mentions visits to the supermarket on March 8. [49] [63] During these visits, the author notes being challenged by the security guard, which the author described as a close call. He also noted the numbers of black people and white people in the supermarket during his visits. [66] [71] The author considered attacking various locations, including a Walmart in Rochester, New York, and institutions with predominantly black attendees such as churches, malls and elementary schools. [33] [66] [72] He also considered attacking synagogues but decided against it because March 15 would not fall on a Saturday (the Jewish sabbath), thus synagogues were not likely to have many attendees at the author's desired time to attack. [72] He wrote that he used data available through Google to determine when the busiest times in the supermarket would be. [73] [69]

Social Isolation

The author of the online diary described himself as being socially isolated. He said, "I would like to [be able to] say I had quite a normal childhood (<18) but that is not the case." He also said, "It's not that I actually dislike other people, it's just that they make me feel so uncomfortable I've probably spent actual years of my life just being online. And to be honest I regret it. I didn't go to friends' houses often or go to any parties or whatever. Every day after school I would just go home and play games and watch YouTube, mostly by myself." [33] In another entry, he added, "If I could go back maybe I'd tell myself to get the fuck off 4chan ... and get an actual life." [33]

Killing Of A Cat

At one point in the chat logs, the author describes killing and mutilating a cat, and posted images and gave a brief description on why he did it: "When I came home at ~10:30 I was eating pizza bites when I hard my cat Paige scream from the garage” Gendron wrote. “I quickly enter and the gray cat was attacking her. I then spent the next hour and a half chasing the cat around the garage and stabbing it with my knife (the camo one). He expressed feeling no empathy or emotions after killing the cat.” [66] He told his parents about this and buried the stray in his backyard. [74]

Suicidal Ideation and Lack Of Self-Worth

The chat logs also include occasional suicidal ideation and self-doubt from the author. [75]

Illegal Modifications of Weapons

In other entries, he posted photos of modifications he made to his rifle so that it could be equipped with 30-round magazines, while acknowledging that this was illegal in New York state. [33] [76] He also posted details about obtaining other equipment for a planned attack, such as body armor and a helmet. [66]

Prior To The Shooting

About 30 minutes before the shooting began, invitations to the chatroom that hosted the online diary logs were sent to a small group of other Discord users. [73] [77] After that point, at least fifteen other users joined the chatroom and would have been able to view the chat logs. [78] [64] According to a Discord spokesperson, they found no indication that any other users were aware of the diary before that time. [77] [69] The logs' author also sent others online messages containing links to the Twitch livestream which he would later use to show the attack. [79] [64] According to the message attached to the invite, Discord users could also view a livestream through the Discord chatroom, as opposed to the Twitch livestream. [64] The chatroom was disabled when Discord learned about its alleged relationship to the shooting. [64]

Other than the online diary, chat logs related to the attack were also retrieved from a second chatroom on Discord where members primarily discussed weapons as a dedicated topic. There, the user reported to have been Gendron sought advice regarding equipment such as body armor. [69] [80] Following the shooting, the livestream footage quickly leaked to multiple other social media sites, including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Reddit. [81]

2022 Buffalo Shooting

Memorial for the victims of the shooting outside of the supermarket Memorial to Tops Supermarket shooting victims, Jefferson Avenue at Landon Street, Buffalo, New York - 20220730.jpg
Memorial for the victims of the shooting outside of the supermarket

At around 2:30 p.m. EDT (UTC−04:00), Gendron arrived at the Tops supermarket on Jefferson Avenue, in a predominantly black neighborhood in Buffalo, New York. [82] [83] He was armed with a Bushmaster XM-15 AR-15–style rifle, illegally modified to accept high-capacity magazines, [11] [12] [13] and he had multiple 30-round ammunition magazines. [84] In his car, he had a Savage Arms Axis XP hunting rifle and a Mossberg 500 shotgun. [11] He was wearing body armor, a military helmet, and a recording camera attached to his helmet through which he livestreamed the attack on the online service Twitch. [85] [61] As he approached the grocery store entrance, he was recorded on his livestream saying "just got to go for it". [86]

Gendron first shot four people in the parking lot, killing three. [87] He then entered the store, shooting eight more people and killing six. [9] [19] At 2:31 p.m., Buffalo police received a call reporting shots fired at the store. The first responding officers and firefighters arrived a minute later and reported bodies lying outside the building. At 2:34 p.m., a dispatcher started informing responding officers of an active shooter situation at the store. [18]

According to a law enforcement source, Gendron yelled racial slurs during the incident. [4] [88] Many employees and customers used the store's break room to hide from Gendron and barricaded the door with a heavy desk. Other customers were hidden by employees in the milk cooler and said Gendron shot through the coolers, but the milk cartons stopped the bullets. [89] At some point, an armed security guard, former Buffalo Police Department officer Aaron Salter Jr., shot at him. Due to Gendron's body armor, Salter's bullet did not stop him. Gendron returned fire at Salter, who died at the scene. [90] At an early point in the shooting, Gendron aimed his rifle at an injured white person, the store manager, hiding behind a checkout counter but he apologized and did not shoot. [91] [92]

By 2:36 p.m., Gendron had gone to the front of the building, where patrol officers were able to talk him into dropping his gun after he reportedly aimed it at his neck. [18] [19] A total of 60 shots were fired during the shooting. [93] After his arrest, Gendron made statements regarding his motive and state of mind. [21]

Criminal charges

Gendron was arraigned in Buffalo City Court, a New York State Court. Represented by a public defender, Gendron entered a not guilty plea to multiple charges of first-degree murder. A felony hearing was scheduled to begin on May 19 in front of a grand jury. He was held without bail under suicide watch. [1] [94] On the same day, the Attorney General of the United States, Merrick Garland, confirmed that the United States Department of Justice was investigating the shooting as a hate crime and as an act of racially motivated violent extremism. [95]

On May 19, it was announced that Gendron was indicted on the charge of first-degree murder by a grand jury in a decision that had been handed up the day prior. [96] Gendron briefly appeared in court on May 19. [78] On June 1, a grand jury issued a 25-count indictment against Gendron. [97] The jury charged him with "one count of domestic terrorism motivated by hate", [6] as well as "10 counts of first-degree murder as a hate crime, 10 counts of second-degree murder as a hate crime, three counts of attempted second-degree murder as a hate crime and one count of second-degree criminal possession of a weapon", according to The Washington Post. [7] Gendron was arraigned in Erie County Court on June 2, 2022, and pled not guilty to all 25 charges. [98] [8]

On June 3, 2022, a filing made on behalf of one of the survivors from the attack sought a court order for the preservation of a number of items in the possession of Gendron's parents. [99] [100] The filing sought to preserve, among other things, any of his available cellphones, computers (and web browsing history), travel and school records, video game consoles, and receipts for firearms and ammunition. [99] Additionally, the filing requested that his parents be made to provide pretrial depositions in court by July 29. [99] [100]

State

On November 17, Gendron agreed to plead guilty to all state charges. [101] On November 28, he pled guilty to fifteen state-level counts: ten counts of first-degree murder, three counts of attempted murder motivated by hate, criminal weapons possession, and domestic terrorism motivated by hate. [102] On February 15, 2023, Gendron was denied youthful offender status and received 11 life sentences without the possibility of parole plus 90 years.

During his sentencing hearing at Erie County Court the same day, Gendron gave a statement, saying; [103]

"I'm very sorry for all the pain I forced the victims and their families to suffer through. I'm very sorry for stealing the lives of your loved ones. I can not express how much I regret all of the decisions I made leading up to my actions on May 14. I did a terrible thing that day. I shot and killed people because they were black. Looking back now, I can't believe I actually did it. I believed what I read online and acted out of hate. I know I can't take it back, but I wish I could. And, I don't want anyone to be inspired by me and what I did."

As of June 2024, there is no capital punishment in New York state. [22] He was later transferred to Livingston County Jail in Geneseo, New York. [104]

Federal

As of the date of his state sentencing, Gendron was still facing federal charges. In December 2022, Gendron's lawyer indicated that he would be willing to plead guilty to the federal charges to avoid the death penalty. [22] On January 12, 2024, the Department of Justice said that it would seek the death penalty, [105] making this the first death penalty case under Garland, who had in the past expressed his opposition to capital punishment. [106] In explaining their reasons to seek the death penalty, the prosecutors stated that Gendron's decision to select the supermarket showed he planned to "maximize the number of Black victims", his beliefs in white supremacy, and the substantial planning and premeditation behind the crime, were among the factors they considered in seeking capital punishment for Gendron. [107] [108] Gendron's trial is set to begin on August 17, 2026. [24]

See also

References

  1. ↑ State:
  2. ↑ Federal:
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 McKinley, Jesse; Traub, Alex; Closson, Troy (May 14, 2022). "Gunman Kills 10 at Buffalo Supermarket in Racist Attack". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 15, 2022. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
  2. ↑ Gilbert, David (May 16, 2022). "What We Know About the Accused Buffalo Shooter". VICE. Archived from the original on May 14, 2025. Retrieved May 15, 2025.
  3. ↑ Craig, Andy (May 15, 2022). "Turn Pushers of This 'Anti-White' Conspiracy Theory Into Pariahs". The Daily Beast . Archived from the original on May 19, 2022. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  4. 1 2 Albert, Victoria (May 14, 2022). "10 killed in 'racially motivated' mass shooting at Buffalo supermarket, FBI says". CBS News. Archived from the original on May 14, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
  5. 1 2 Thompson, Carolyn (November 29, 2022). "Buffalo gunman pleads guilty in racist supermarket massacre". AP NEWS. Archived from the original on November 28, 2022. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
  6. 1 2 Katersky, Aaro; Hutchinson, Bill (June 2, 2022). "Buffalo mass shooting suspect 1st charged with 'domestic terrorism' in New York state history". abcnews.go.com. ABC News. Archived from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022. The white teenager who allegedly killed 10 Black people in a Buffalo, New York, supermarket last month is the first person in state history to be charged with domestic terrorism motivated by hate, a prosecutor said Thursday.
  7. 1 2 3 Berman, Mark; Kornfield, Meryl (June 1, 2022). "Buffalo shooting suspect charged with murder as a hate crime, domestic terrorism". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022. Retrieved June 1, 2022.
  8. 1 2 O'Brien, Brendan (June 2, 2022). "Suspect in Buffalo mass shooting pleads not guilty to 25 counts". Reuters. Archived from the original on June 2, 2022. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 Prokupecz, Shimon; Moshtaghian, Artemis; Maxouris, Christina (May 15, 2022). "What we know about Buffalo supermarket shooting suspect Payton Gendron". CNN. Archived from the original on May 15, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
  10. ↑ "The United States of America -vs- Payton Gendron". Department of Justice. September 21, 2025. Archived from the original on July 14, 2025. Retrieved September 21, 2025.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Whitlock, Craig; Willman, David; Horton, Alex (May 16, 2022). "Massacre suspect said he modified Bushmaster rifle to hold more ammunition". The Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286. Archived from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved May 16, 2022.
  12. 1 2 Marcius, Chelsia Rose (May 15, 2022). "The suspect bought his weapon without leaving an impression, a gun store owner said" . The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
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  14. ↑ "What we know about the victims of the Buffalo shooting' parents".
  15. ↑ "Buffalo mayor says alleged shooter traveled "hours from outside" the city to attack supermarket".
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  17. 1 2 Tress, Luke (May 15, 2022). "Manifesto attributed to Buffalo shooting suspect pushes antisemitic conspiracies". The Times Of Israel. Archived from the original on May 15, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
  18. 1 2 3 Besecker, Aaron (May 14, 2022). "'We have bodies down here': Police radio transmissions reveal grim scene at Saturday's mass killing". Buffalo News. Archived from the original on May 14, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
  19. 1 2 3 "Buffalo shooting suspect had tactical gear and was heavily armed, according to police commissioner". CNN. May 14, 2022. Archived from the original on May 15, 2022. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
  20. ↑ "Buffalo shooter planned more killings if he escaped, police say".
  21. 1 2 3 4 Levenson, Eric; Jorgensen, Sarah; Sandoval, Polo; Beech, Samantha (May 15, 2022). "Mass shooting at Buffalo supermarket was a racist hate crime, police say". CNN. Archived from the original on May 15, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
  22. 1 2 3 Thompson, Carolyn (February 15, 2023). "White supremacist gets life in prison for Buffalo massacre". AP News . Archived from the original on November 17, 2023. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
  23. ↑ "US seeks death penalty for Buffalo shooter who killed 10 at supermarket". The Guardian. January 13, 2024. Archived from the original on January 13, 2024. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
  24. 1 2 "Judge sets 2026 start date for Tops mass shooting federal trial". wgrz.com. July 2, 2025. Retrieved July 2, 2025.
  25. ↑ "Classmates recall the suspect as 'quiet' and reclusive".
  26. ↑ "People who knew Buffalo shooting suspect re-examine every interaction with him".
  27. ↑ "What we know now about Payton Gendron, the alleged Buffalo mass shooter".
  28. ↑ "Buffalo suspect: Lonely, isolated — with a troubling sign".
  29. ↑ "Suspect in Buffalo shooting was investigated last year over threat".
  30. ↑ "Accused Buffalo mass shooter had threatened a shooting while in high school. Could more have been done to avert the tragedy?".
  31. ↑ Chan, Melissa (May 16, 2022). "New York's red flag law should have helped thwart the Buffalo mass shooting. What went wrong?". NBC News. Archived from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved May 17, 2022.
  32. ↑ "Buffalo racist-shooting suspect was questioned after threat last year".
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Frosch, Dan; McWhirter, Cameron; Vielkind, Jimmy; Wells, Georgia (May 17, 2022). "Buffalo Shooter's 673-Page Diary Reveals Descent Into Racist Extremism". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN   0099-9660. Archived from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 6 McKinley, Jesse; Bromwich, Jonah E.; Newman, Andy; Marcius, Chelsia Rose (May 16, 2022). "Buffalo Suspect Planned Attack for Months, Online Posts Reveal". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 Nickeas, Peter; Tolan, Casey; Langmaid, Virginia (May 17, 2022). "How the 18-year-old suspect legally obtained guns before the Buffalo mass shooting". CNN. Archived from the original on May 18, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  36. ↑ Bromwish, Jonah E.; Newman, Andy; Southall, Ashley (May 16, 2022). "How guns are taken away under New York's 'red flag' law". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  37. ↑ Southall, Ashley; Marcius, Chelsia Rose; Newman, Andy (May 15, 2022). "Before the Massacre, Erratic Behavior and a Chilling Threat". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  38. ↑ Helmore, Edward (May 18, 2022). "Buffalo shooting followed tripling of gun production in 30 years, ATF figures reveal". The Guardian . Archived from the original on November 29, 2022. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  39. ↑ Bowman, Emma (May 15, 2022). "What we know so far about the Buffalo mass shooting". NPR. Archived from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
  40. ↑ Pasciak, Mary B. (May 17, 2022). "Tops Markets shooter chose AR-15 to stoke controversy". The Buffalo News . Archived from the original on November 28, 2022. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
  41. ↑ Katersky, Aaron; Shapiro, Emily; Cohen, Miles (May 17, 2022). "Buffalo suspect had plans to continue his killing rampage: Commissioner". ABC News. Archived from the original on May 18, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  42. ↑ Lenthang, Marlene; Dienst, Jonathan; Stelloh, Tim (May 16, 2022). "Buffalo shooting suspect planned to continue rampage down street, police say". NBC News. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  43. ↑ "Buffalo Shooter Gun Littered With Racist Language". TMZ. May 17, 2022. Archived from the original on May 19, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  44. ↑ "'Buck Status: Broken': Behind the Violently Racist Phrase on the Buffalo Shooter's Gun". MEL Magazine. May 19, 2022. Archived from the original on June 2, 2022. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  45. 1 2 "Buffalo Shooter's Weapons Covered in White Supremacist Messaging". Anti-Defamation League. May 15, 2022. Archived from the original on May 19, 2022. Retrieved May 17, 2022.
  46. ↑ Photo of rifle with names and captions Archived May 17, 2022, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved June 19, 2022
  47. ↑ "USA - Buffalo Shooter's weapons covered in white supremacist messaging - CFCA | The Coordination Forum for Countering Antisemitism". Antisemitism.org.il. May 17, 2022. Archived from the original on May 19, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
  48. ↑ Daly, Michael (May 15, 2022). "Buffalo Shooter Put Name of Waukesha Christmas Parade Victim on Rifle". The Daily Beast . Archived from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved May 16, 2022.
  49. 1 2 Caldwell, Travis; Morales, Mark; Moshtaghian, Artemis; Elassar, Alaa (May 17, 2022). "Online posts reveal suspected gunman spent months planning racist attack at a Buffalo supermarket". CNN. Archived from the original on May 18, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
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