Pelecyphora

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Pelecyphora
Pelecyphora strobiliformis.jpg
Pelecyphora strobiliformis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Tribe: Cacteae
Genus: Pelecyphora
C.Ehrenb.
Type species
Pelecyphora aselliformis
Species

see text

Synonyms

Pelecyphora, pincushion cactus or foxtail cactus [1] is a genus of cacti, comprising 20 species. They originate from Mexico and the United States. [2] [3]

Contents

Common species include the Missouri foxtail cactus P. missouriensis , [4] widespread in grassland and forest west of the Mississippi, and the spinystar P. vivipara , [5] distributed across the US and into Canada, first described by Nuttall in 1813.

Description

Pelecyphores are spherical to club-shaped stem succulents up to 6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter and gray-green in color. They branch only sparsely and only at an older age. The areoles standing on the longitudinally or transversely flattened warts have thorns in a pectinate (comb-shaped) arrangement. As we age, the thorns, then the areoles and finally the warts fall off. Between the warts, the plant bodies are initially dense and short-haired, so that the apexes are hidden.

The flowers arise individually from short furrows on the upper surfaces of the youngest areoles. They are bright purple and about 3 cm (1.2 in) long. The greenish fruits that form after the flowers are fertilized dry out when ripe and release the black seeds into the crown wool, from which they are only washed out (in nature) after a long time. [6]

Taxonomy

Species accepted As of November 2023 by Plants of the World Online with sections from Nigel Paul Taylor from 1986: [7] [8]

SectionGroupImageScientific nameSubspeciesDistribution
Pelecyphora Pelecyphora asseliformis 20070526.jpg Pelecyphora aselliformis C.Ehrenb.San Luis Potosi, Mexico
Pelecyphora strobiliformis.jpg Pelecyphora strobiliformis (Werderm.) Frič & Schelle ex KreutzNuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas states in Mexico
PleuranthaN.P.Taylor Escobaria chihuahuensis subsp. chihuahuensis (8754420622).jpg Pelecyphora chihuahuensis (Britton & Rose) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez
  • Pelecyphora chihuahuensis subsp. chihuahuensis
  • Pelecyphora chihuahuensis subsp. henricksonii(Glass & R.A.Foster) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez
Mexico
Escobaria varicolor.jpg Pelecyphora tuberculosa (Engelm.) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezNew Mexico, Mexico
EscobariaBritton & RoseSneedii Group Escobaria laredoi.jpg Pelecyphora laredoi (Glass & R.A.Foster) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezCoahuila de Zaragoza - Mexico
Escobaria sneedii flower.jpg Pelecyphora sneedii (Britton & Rose) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez
  • Pelecyphora sneedii subsp. sneedii
  • Pelecyphora sneedii subsp. orcuttii(Boed.) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez
Mexico (Chihuahua), United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas)
Vivipara Group Coryphantha alversonii.jpg Pelecyphora alversonii (J.M.Coult.) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezArizona, California
Escobaria hesteri 1601.jpg Pelecyphora hesteri (Y.Wright) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez
  • Pelecyphora hesteri subsp. grata(M.Kaplan, Kunte & Šnicer) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez
  • Pelecyphora hesteri subsp. hesteri
Texas
2016.06.02 16.21.36 DSC04678 - Flickr - andrey zharkikh.jpg Pelecyphora vivipara (Nutt.) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezCanada (Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan ), Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Sonora), United States (Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming)
Neobesseya(Britton & Rose) N.P.Taylor Pelecyphora abdita (Řepka & Vaško) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez
  • Pelecyphora abdita subsp. abdita
  • Pelecyphora abdita subsp. tenuispina(Perez Badillo, Delladdio & Raya Sanchez) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez
Mexico (Coahuila)
Escobaria emskoeterriana (5664136008).jpg Pelecyphora emskoetteriana (Quehl) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezMexico (Coahuila de Zaragoza, Tamaulipas ), United States (Texas)
Dasyacantha Group Escobaria dasyacantha ssp. chaffeyi SB966.JPG Pelecyphora dasyacantha (Engelm.) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez
  • Pelecyphora dasyacantha subsp. dasyacantha
  • Pelecyphora dasyacantha subsp. chaffeyi(Britton & Rose) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez
Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Zacatecas), USA (Texas, New Mexico)
Pelecyphora duncanii (Hester) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezNew Mexico, Texas
Pelecyphora lloydii (Britton & Rose) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezMexico (Zacatecas)
Escobaria minima.jpg Pelecyphora minima (Baird) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezTexas
Escobaria robbinsorum 1116.jpg Pelecyphora robbinsiorum (W.H.Earle) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezArizona
Missouriensis Group Escobaria cubensis.JPG Pelecyphora cubensis (Britton & Rose) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezCuba
CmacromeriViolaceae002 (525527679).jpg Pelecyphora macromeris (Engelm.) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez
  • Pelecyphora macromeris subsp. macromeris
  • Pelecyphora macromeris subsp. runyonii(Britton & Rose) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez
S. New Mexico to W. Texas and NE. Mexico.
Escobaria missouriensis var. asperispina.jpg Pelecyphora missouriensis (Sweet) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez
  • Pelecyphora missouriensis subsp. missouriensis
  • Pelecyphora missouriensis subsp. asperispina(Boed.) D.Aquino & Dan.Sánchez
USA ( Arizona, Idaho, Kansas, New Mexico, North Dakota), Mexico (Coahuila de Zaragoza, Nuevo Leon)
Pelecyphora zilziana (Boed.) D.Aquino & Dan.SánchezMexico (Coahuila de Zaragoza)

Synonymy

At genus level

At species level

The following are synonyms of species now placed outside of Pelecyphora:

Psychoactivity

Conservation status

Both P. aselliformis and P. strobiliformis are classified as being of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, however both species are contained in Appendix 1 of CITES species (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) as at June 2013.

References

  1. ↑ "Escobaria Britton & Rose foxtail cactus" PLANTS database, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture
  2. ↑ Sánchez, Daniel; Vázquez-Benítez, Balbina; Vázquez-Sánchez, Monserrat; Aquino, David; Arias, Salvador (2022-01-21). "Phylogenetic relationships in Coryphantha and implications on Pelecyphora and Escobaria (Cacteae, Cactoideae, Cactaceae)". PhytoKeys (188): 115–165. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.188.75739 . ISSN   1314-2003. PMC   8799629 . PMID   35106054.
  3. ↑ Neal, J. M.; Sato, P. T.; Howald, W. N.; McLaughlin, J. L. (1972-06-09). "Peyote Alkaloids: Identification in the Mexican Cactus Pelecyphora aselliformis Ehrenberg" . Science. 176 (4039): 1131–1133. Bibcode:1972Sci...176.1131N. doi:10.1126/science.176.4039.1131. ISSN   0036-8075. PMID   17775137.
  4. ↑ "Escobaria missouriensis (Sweet) D.R. Hunt - Missouri foxtail cactus" PLANTS database, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture
  5. ↑ "Escobaria vivipara (Nutt.) Buxbaum - spinystar" PLANTS database, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture
  6. ↑ Anderson, Edward F.; Eggli, Urs (2005). Das grosse Kakteen-Lexikon (in German). Stuttgart (Hohenheim): Ulmer. pp. 520–522. ISBN   3-8001-4573-1.
  7. ↑ Sánchez, Daniel; Vázquez-Benítez, Balbina; Vázquez-Sánchez, Monserrat; Aquino, David; Arias, Salvador (2022-01-21). "Phylogenetic relationships in Coryphantha and implications on Pelecyphora and Escobaria (Cacteae, Cactoideae, Cactaceae)". PhytoKeys (188). Pensoft Publishers: 115–165. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.188.75739 . ISSN   1314-2003. PMC   8799629 . PMID   35106054.
  8. ↑ Anderson, Edward F.; Eggli, Urs (2005). Das grosse Kakteen-Lexikon (in German). Stuttgart (Hohenheim): Ulmer. ISBN   3-8001-4573-1.
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