Pentanema salicinum

Last updated

Pentanema salicinum
Inula salicina 240606.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Pentanema
Species:
P. salicinum
Binomial name
Pentanema salicinum
(L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.
Synonyms
List
  • Aster rigidusMoench
  • Aster salicinus(L.) Scop.
  • Aster spathularisSteud.
  • Conyza salicina(L.) Rupr.
  • Helenium cordatum(Boiss.) Kuntze
  • Helenium salicinum(L.) Kuntze
  • Inula auriculataSchur
  • Inula cordataBoiss.
  • Inula coriaceaSchur
  • Inula glabraGilib.
  • Inula involucrataMiq.
  • Inula kitamuranaTatew. ex Kitam.
  • Inula lineata(Nyár.) Nyár.
  • Inula lucensDulac
  • Inula pseudobuboniumSchur
  • Inula pseudosalicinaSimkov. ex Beck
  • Inula salicinaL.
  • Inula semiamplexicaulisReut.
  • Inula squarrosaGriseb.
  • Jacobaea salicina(L.) Merino
  • Pulicaria salicina(L.) J.Presl & C.Presl
  • Ulina salicina(L.) Opiz

Pentanema salicinum (common name Irish fleabane (UK) [1] or willowleaf yellowhead) is a plant species in the family Asteraceae. [2] It is found across Eurasia from Portugal to Japan. It has been reported growing in the wild in a few scattered locations in North America but it has not become widely established there. [3] [4] [5] [6]

Contents

Taxonomy

Pollination by red-tailed bumblebee Bombus lapidarius - Inula salicina - Valingu.jpg
Pollination by red-tailed bumblebee

Pentanema salicinum was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It is known from a variety of common names including willowleaf yellowhead, Irish fleabane and willow-leaved Inula. Since its initial description it has also been ascribed a variety of Latin names, all of which are now regarded as synonyms and probably reflecting the still uncertain taxonomy of the genus, it being regarded as possibly paraphyletic.

Distribution

Pentanema salicinum is to be found extensively across mainland western Europe, from Spain through France, Benelux, Germany, Poland, Denmark and southern Scandinavia. It only has a very restricted distribution is the British Isles, being confined to a small area of south central Ireland, around Lough Derg in north Tipperary and south-east Galway. Indeed, it is now reported [7] that it can only be found at a single locality, having been eliminated from former sites through human activity. The species has become a flagship species and a focus for conservation efforts, with a co-ordinated program to reintroduce the plant already well underway. The plant is regarded a member of the Lusitanian flora [8] in that it is a member of a group of plants that are specific to south west Ireland, are not found in the rest of the British Isles and are plants that are more normally seen in the Mediterranean. It is not known how this group of plants became established in Ireland, but it is likely to have been in the last 10,000 years since the end of the last ice age.

Description

Pentanema salicinum is an upright herb, 20–80 centimetres (7.9–31.5 in) in height, with a thin stem, narrow, elongate, alternate, stemless leaves, which with the stem are roughly haired. The flower heads are carried singly at the top of the stem, are 2.5–4 centimetres (0.98–1.57 in) in diameter. Each head contains 35-70 yellow ray flowers containing 100-250 yellow disc flowers. [6]

Related Research Articles

<i>Anacamptis pyramidalis</i> Species of plant

Anacamptis pyramidalis, the pyramidal orchid, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Anacamptis of the family Orchidaceae. The scientific name Anacamptis derives from Greek ανακάμτειν 'anakamptein' meaning 'bend forward', while the Latin name pyramidalis refers to the pyramidal form of the inflorescence.

<i>Erigeron</i> Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae

Erigeron is a large genus of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is closely related to the genus Aster and the true daisies in the genus Bellis. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in dry, mountainous areas and grassland, with the highest diversity in North America.

<i>Persicaria maculosa</i> Species of flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae

Persicaria maculosa is an annual plant in the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae. Common names include lady's thumb, spotted lady's thumb, Jesusplant, and redshank. It is widespread across Eurasia from Iceland south to Portugal and east to Japan. It is also present as an introduced and invasive species in North America, where it was first noted in the Great Lakes region in 1843 and has now spread through most of the continent.

Golden samphire Species of flowering plant

The golden samphire is a perennial coastal species, which may be found growing on salt marsh or sea cliffs across western and southern Europe and the Mediterranean.

<i>Inula</i> Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae

Inula is a genus of about 80 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe, Asia and Africa.

<i>Sporobolus anglicus</i> Species of grass in the family Poaceae

Sporobolus anglicus is a species of cordgrass that originated in southern England in about 1870 and is a neonative species in Britain. It was reclassified as Sporobolus anglicus after a taxonomic revision in 2014, but Spartina anglica is still in common usage. It is an allotetraploid species derived from the hybrid Sporobolus × townsendii, which arose when the European native cordgrass Sporobolus maritimus hybridised with the introduced American Sporobolus alterniflorus.

<i>Erigeron canadensis</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Erigeron canadensis is an annual plant native throughout most of North America and Central America. It is also widely naturalized in Eurasia and Australia. Common names include horseweed, Canadian horseweed, Canadian fleabane, coltstail, marestail, and butterweed. It was the first weed to have developed glyphosate resistance, reported in 2001 from Delaware.

<i>Erigeron sumatrensis</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Erigeron sumatrensis is an annual herb probably native to South America, but widely naturalised in tropical and subtropical regions, and regarded as an invasive weed in many places. In the British Isles it is known as Guernsey fleabane. Other common names include fleabane, tall fleabane, broad-leaved fleabane, white horseweed, and Sumatran fleabane.

<i>Arabis hirsuta</i> Species of plant

Arabis hirsuta, known as hairy rock-cress, is a flowering plant of the genus Arabis in the family Brassicaceae. In previous North American works, this species has been broadly defined to include plants native to Europe, Asia, and the northern half of North America, but is now more often restricted to a narrower subgroup restricted to Europe.

<i>Veronica hederifolia</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae

Veronica hederifolia, the ivy-leaved speedwell, is a flowering plant belonging to the family Plantaginaceae. It is native to Europe, western Asia and north Africa and it is present in other places as an introduced species and a common weed. Solitary blue flowers occur in leaf axils, each with a corolla up to one centimetre (0.4 in) wide. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule.

<i>Galium boreale</i> Species of flowering plant

Galium boreale or northern bedstraw is a perennial plant species of the Rubiaceae family. It is widespread over the temperate and subarctic regions of Europe, Asia and North America including most of Canada and the northern United States.

<i>Dactylorhiza maculata</i> Species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae

Dactylorhiza maculata, known as the heath spotted-orchid or moorland spotted orchid, is an herbaceous perennial plant of the family Orchidaceae. It is widespread in mountainous regions across much of Europe from Portugal and Iceland east to Russia. It is also found in Algeria, Morocco, and western Siberia.

<i>Erigeron philadelphicus</i> Species of flowering plant

Erigeron philadelphicus, the Philadelphia fleabane, is a widespread North American plant in the family Asteraceae. Also known as common fleabane, daisy fleabane, frost-root, marsh fleabane, poor robin's plantain, skervish, and in the British Isles as robin's-plantain. It is native to North America and found there in nearly all of the United States and Canada. It is also introduced into Europe and Asia, considered an invasive weed in many places.

<i>Cyperus fuscus</i> Species of plant

Cyperus fuscus is a species of sedge known by the common name brown galingale, or brown flatsedge. This plant is native to much of Europe, Asia and North Africa from England, Portugal and Morocco east to China and Thailand. It is an introduced species in North America, where it is naturalized in widely scattered locations in the United States and Canada.

<i>Pulicaria dysenterica</i> Species of plant

Pulicaria dysenterica, the common fleabane, or, in North America, meadow false fleabane, is a species of fleabane in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe and western Asia where it grows in a variety of habitats ranging from semi-arid Mediterranean woodlands to wetter situations. Pulicaria dysenterica is perennial and can form dense clusters of plants, spreading by its roots. It flowers at its maximum height of about 60 centimetres (2.0 ft). Leaves are alternately arranged and clasp the stem, which itself contains a salty-astringent liquid. The yellow inflorescences are typically composed of a prominent centre of 40–100 disc florets surrounded by 20–30 narrow, pistillate ray florets. When setting seed the flower heads reflex.

<i>Oidaematophorus lithodactyla</i> Species of plume moth

Oidaematophorus lithodactyla, also known as the dusky plume, is a moth of the family Pterophoridae found from Europe to Asia Minor and Japan. It was first described by German lepidopterist, Georg Friedrich Treitschke in 1833.

<i>Dittrichia viscosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Dittrichia viscosa, also known as false yellowhead, woody fleabane, sticky fleabane and yellow fleabane, is a flowering plant in the daisy family.

<i>Carex hirta</i> Species of grass-like plant

Carex hirta, the hairy sedge or hammer sedge, is a species of sedge native across Europe. It has characteristic hairy leaves and inflorescences, and is the type species of the genus Carex.

<i>Silaum silaus</i> Species of flowering plant

Silaum silaus, commonly known as pepper-saxifrage, is a perennial plant in the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) found across south-eastern, central, and western Europe, including the British Isles. It grows in damp grasslands on neutral soils.

References

  1. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
  2. "Pentanema salicinum (L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  3. "Encyclopedia of Life, Inula salicina" . Retrieved 10 March 2012.
  4. Altervista Flora Italiana, Inula salicina L.
  5. Flora of North America, Inula salicina Linnaeus, 1753.
  6. 1 2 Flora of China, Inula salicina Linnaeus, 1753. 柳叶旋覆花 liu ye xuan fu hua
  7. "Irish Botanic Gardens report on conservation program" . Retrieved 14 March 2012.
  8. "Brief description of Lusitanian flora" . Retrieved 14 March 2012.