| Pentapodus setosus | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Nemipteridae |
| Genus: | Pentapodus |
| Species: | P. setosus |
| Binomial name | |
| Pentapodus setosus (Valenciennes, 1830) | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
| |
Pentapodus setosus, the butterfly whiptail, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish is found in the Western Central Pacific Ocean.
Pentapodus setosus was first formally described as Pentapus setosus in 1830 by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes with its type locality given as Jakarta on Java. [3] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the genus Pentapodus within the family Nemipteridae which it places in the order Spariformes. [4]
Pentapodus setosus has the specific name setosus which means “hairy”, this is presumed to be a reference to the long, hair-like filament extending from the upper lobe of the caudal fin. [5]
Pentapodus setosus has its dorsal fin supported by 10 spines and 9 soft rays while the anal fin is supported by 3 spines and 7 soft rays. The scales on the head extend forward to a level between the front of the eyes and the rear nostrils.The suborbital is not scaled and neither is the lower limb of the preoperculum. [2] The short pelvic fins do not reach the level of the anus. The caudal fin is forked with the upper lobe extending into a long hair-like filament. The back is light brownish and the lower part of the body is whitish> there is a blue stripe running the length of the dorsal fin base, a yellow stripe running from behind eye, curving gently on the back and ending with a black spot on the upper caudal peduncle and has a thin blue strip within it which, at the rear of the black spot, joins with another blue stripe running from the anal fin origin. There are two bluish stripes over the snout which has a dusky upper part. The caudal fin is pinkish with the extended filament being pinkish brown. [6] This species has a maximum published total length of 18 cm (7.1 in) although 15 cm (5.9 in) standard length is more typical. [2]
Pentapodus setosus is found in the western central Pacific Ocean where its range extends from the Philippines and the southern South China Sea eastwards into the Gulf of Thailand and south to Timor. It has been recorded from southern Vietnam, Hainan in China), Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Papua, Anambas Islands and Brunei. [1] Its habitat varies from silty bays on the coasts to deep muddy offshore areas, frequently seen swimming in open areas close to reefs. [2]
Pentapodus setosus is typically found in small aggregations. These may often follow bottom feeding species, such as stingrays, and catch any prey that the larger predator disturbs. They feed mainly on small crustaceans. [2]
Pentapodus setosus is taken in large numbers as bycatch in trawl fisheries, as well as being caught in bamboo stake fish traps. However, it is not valued as a food fish and commands a low price so no fishery specifically targets this species. The catch is used to make fish meal, is fried or used as duck food. [6]
Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams, whiptail breams, or Sultan Ibrahim, is a family of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes. These fishes are found in the Indo-West Pacific region.
Scolopsis bilineata, the two-lined monocle bream, bridled monocle bream, bridled spinecheek, double-lined coral bream or yellow-finned spine-cheek, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This species is found in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.
Scolopsis is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. These fishes are found in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.
Nemipterus virgatus, the golden threadfin bream or yellowlipped threadfin bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This species is found in the Western Pacific Ocean.
Pentapodus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. These fishes are found in the Indo-Pacific region.
Scaevius is a monotypic genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. The only species in the genus is Scaevius milii, the green-striped coral bream, the coral monocle bream or jurgen, is found in Australia.
Nemipterus bipunctatus, the Delagoa threadfin bream, Bleeker's threadfin bream or butterfly bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin and whiptail breams. This demersal fish is found over soft bottoms in the Indian Ocean.
Scolopsis margaritifera, the pearly monocle bream or pearly spinecheek, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish is found in the marginally in the eastern Indian Ocean and in the western Pacific Ocean.
Scolopsis ciliata, the saw-jawed monocle bream, ciliate spinecheek, silver-line spinecheek or whitestreak monocle bream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Scolopsis affinis, the Peters' monocle bream, bridled monocle bream or yellowtail spinecheek, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This species is found in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.
Parascolopsis inermis, the unarmed dwarf monocle bream, banded monocle bream, redbelt monocle bream or yellow monocle bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish is found in the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.
Nemipterus tambuloides, the fivelined threadfin bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish is found in the Indo-Pacific region.
Nemipterus japonicus, the Japanese threadfin bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin and whiptail breams. This species is found in the Indo Pacific region and is an important food fish.
Nemipterus isacanthus, the teardrop threadfin bream or twinlined threadfin bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin and whiptail breams. This fish is found in the western Pacific Ocean.
The yellowbelly threadfin bream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin and whiptail breams. This fish is found in the western Pacific Ocean.
Nemipterus randalli, or Randall's threadfin bream, is a species of ray-finned fish from the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams, which is native to the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea, it has invaded the eastern Mediterranean by Lessepsian migration through the Suez Canal.
Pentapodus emeryii, the double whiptail, purple threadfin bream or blue whiptail, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish occurs in the eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean.
Parascolopsis townsendi, the scaly dwarf monocle bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. It is found in the western Indian Ocean.
The doublewhip threadfin bream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This species is found in the Indo-West Pacific region.
Pentapodus vitta , the Western whiptail, Western butterfish, black stripe butterfish, striped whiptail or Western threadfin bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish is found in the Eastern Indian Ocean.
