Phospholipid transfer protein

PLTP
Identifiers
Aliases	PLTP , BPIFE, HDLCQ9, phospholipid transfer protein
External IDs	MGI: 103151 HomoloGene: 4536 GeneCards: PLTP
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 20 (human)
End	45,912,155 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)
End	164,699,631 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right coronary artery; ; gastric mucosa; ; gallbladder; ; body of pancreas; ; canal of the cervix; ; Left adrenal gland; ; left coronary artery; ; thymus; ; left uterine tube; ; stromal cell of endometrium;
	Top expressed in
	retinal pigment epithelium; ; right lung lobe; ; habenula; ; molar; ; left lung; ; left lung lobe; ; cerebellar vermis; ; dorsal tegmental nucleus; ; paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus; ; dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	lipid binding ; lipid transporter activity ; phospholipid transporter activity ; phosphatidylethanolamine binding ; phosphatidylcholine transporter activity ; diacylglycerol binding ; phosphatidylcholine binding ; phosphatidic acid binding ; ceramide binding ; phosphatidylglycerol binding ; phosphatidylethanolamine transfer activity ; phosphatidic acid transfer activity ;
Cellular component	extracellular region ; extracellular space ; high-density lipoprotein particle ;
Biological process	high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling ; flagellated sperm motility ; positive regulation of cholesterol efflux ; vitamin E biosynthetic process ; lipid metabolism ; transport ; lipid transport ; phospholipid transport ; ceramide transport ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	5360
	18830
	ENSG00000100979
	ENSMUSG00000017754
	P55058
	P55065
	NM_182676 ; NM_001242920 ; NM_001242921 ; NM_006227
	NM_011125
	NP_001229849 ; NP_001229850 ; NP_006218 ; NP_872617
	NP_035255
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated January 30, 2023

Phospholipid transfer protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLTP gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is one of at least two lipid transfer proteins found in human plasma. The encoded protein transfers phospholipids from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to high density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition to regulating the size of HDL particles, this protein may be involved in cholesterol metabolism. At least two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.^[5]

Interactions

PLTP has been shown to interact with Apolipoprotein A1 ^[6] and APOA2.^[6]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.^{[§ 1]}

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|alt=Statin Pathway edit]]

Statin Pathway edit

↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "Statin_Pathway_WP430".

Related Research Articles

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (EC 3.1.1.34, systematic name triacylglycerol acylhydrolase (lipoprotein-dependent)) is a member of the lipase gene family, which includes pancreatic lipase, hepatic lipase, and endothelial lipase. It is a water-soluble enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides in lipoproteins, such as those found in chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), into two free fatty acids and one monoacylglycerol molecule:

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), also called plasma lipid transfer protein, is a plasma protein that facilitates the transport of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides between the lipoproteins. It collects triglycerides from very-low-density (VLDL) or Chylomicrons and exchanges them for cholesteryl esters from high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and vice versa. Most of the time, however, CETP does a heteroexchange, trading a triglyceride for a cholesteryl ester or a cholesteryl ester for a triglyceride.

Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOB gene.

Apolipoprotein C-II, or apolipoprotein C2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC2 gene.

Lipoprotein(a) is a low-density lipoprotein variant containing a protein called apolipoprotein(a). Genetic and epidemiological studies have identified lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and related diseases, such as coronary heart disease and stroke.

Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LBP gene.

Apolipoprotein AI(ApoA-I) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOA1 gene. As the major component of HDL particles, it has a specific role in lipid metabolism.

Apolipoprotein C-III also known as apo-CIII, and apolipoprotein C3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC3 gene. Apo-CIII is secreted by the liver as well as the small intestine, and is found on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and remnant cholesterol.

Apolipoprotein C-IV, also known as apolipoprotein C4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC4 gene.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), also known as apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRP8 gene. ApoER2 is a cell surface receptor that is part of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family. These receptors function in signal transduction and endocytosis of specific ligands. Through interactions with one of its ligands, reelin, ApoER2 plays an important role in embryonic neuronal migration and postnatal long-term potentiation. Another LDL family receptor, VLDLR, also interacts with reelin, and together these two receptors influence brain development and function. Decreased expression of ApoER2 is associated with certain neurological diseases.

Apolipoprotein A-II is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOA2 gene.

Apolipoprotein A-IV is plasma protein that is the product of the human gene APOA4.

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTTP gene.

Apolipoprotein M is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOM gene.

Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OSBPL1A gene.

Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OSBPL8 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">OSBPL2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OSBPL2 gene.

Apolipoprotein F is a protein that in humans is encoded for by the APOF gene.

In molecular biology, the lipid-binding serum glycoproteins family, also known as the BPI/LBP/Plunc family or LBP/BPI/CETP family represents a family which includes mammalian lipid-binding serum glycoproteins. Members of this family include:

Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PCTP) also known as StAR-related lipid transfer domain protein 2 (STARD2) is a specific intracellular phospholipid binding protein that can transfer phosphatidylcholine between different membranes in the cytosol.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000100979 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000017754 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Entrez Gene: PLTP phospholipid transfer protein".
1 2 Pussinen PJ, Jauhiainen M, Metso J, Pyle LE, Marcel YL, Fidge NH, Ehnholm C (Jan 1998). "Binding of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) to apolipoproteins A-I and A-II: location of a PLTP binding domain in the amino terminal region of apoA-I". J. Lipid Res. 39 (1): 152–61. doi: 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)34211-5 . PMID 9469594.

Jiang XC (2002). "The effect of phospholipid transfer protein on lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis". Front. Biosci. 7 (1–3): d1634-41. doi:10.2741/jiang1. PMID 12086920.
Albers JJ, Cheung MC (2004). "Emerging roles for phospholipid transfer protein in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism". Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 15 (3): 255–60. doi:10.1097/00041433-200406000-00004. PMID 15166780. S2CID 34754445.
Dallinga-Thie GM, Dullaart RP, van Tol A (2007). "Concerted actions of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and phospholipid transfer protein in type 2 diabetes: effects of apolipoproteins". Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 18 (3): 251–7. doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3280e12685. PMID 17495597. S2CID 20012553.
Whitmore TE, Day JR, Albers JJ (1995). "Localization of the human phospholipid transfer protein gene to chromosome 20q12-q13.1". Genomics. 28 (3): 599–600. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1198. PMID 7490104.
Albers JJ, Wolfbauer G, Cheung MC, Day JR, Ching AF, Lok S, Tu AY (1995). "Functional expression of human and mouse plasma phospholipid transfer protein: effect of recombinant and plasma PLTP on HDL subspecies". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1258 (1): 27–34. doi:10.1016/0005-2760(95)00091-p. PMID 7654777.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Day JR, Albers JJ, Lofton-Day CE, Gilbert TL, Ching AF, Grant FJ, O'Hara PJ, Marcovina SM, Adolphson JL (1994). "Complete cDNA encoding human phospholipid transfer protein from human endothelial cells". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (12): 9388–91. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)37120-X . PMID 8132678.
Tu AY, Wolfbauer G, Albers JJ (1995). "Functional characterization of the promoter region of the human phospholipid transfer protein gene". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 217 (3): 705–11. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.2830. PMID 8554588.
Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA (1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Anal. Biochem. 236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.
Hailman E, Albers JJ, Wolfbauer G, Tu AY, Wright SD (1996). "Neutralization and transfer of lipopolysaccharide by phospholipid transfer protein". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (21): 12172–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.21.12172 . PMID 8647810.
Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, Ricafrente JY, Wentland MA, Lennon G, Gibbs RA (1997). "Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing". Genome Res. 7 (4): 353–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146 . PMID 9110174.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Pussinen PJ, Jauhiainen M, Metso J, Pyle LE, Marcel YL, Fidge NH, Ehnholm C (1998). "Binding of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) to apolipoproteins A-I and A-II: location of a PLTP binding domain in the amino terminal region of apoA-I". J. Lipid Res. 39 (1): 152–61. doi: 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)34211-5 . PMID 9469594.
Jiang XC, D'Armiento J, Mallampalli RK, Mar J, Yan SF, Lin M (1998). "Expression of plasma phospholipid transfer protein mRNA in normal and emphysematous lungs and regulation by hypoxia". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (25): 15714–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.25.15714 . PMID 9624168.
Jauhiainen M, Huuskonen J, Baumann M, Metso J, Oka T, Egashira T, Hattori H, Olkkonen VM, Ehnholm C (1999). "Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) causes proteolytic cleavage of apolipoprotein A-I". J. Lipid Res. 40 (4): 654–64. doi: 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)32144-1 . PMID 10191289.
Qu SJ, Fan HZ, Kilinc C, Pownall HJ (1999). "Role of cysteine residues in human plasma phospholipid transfer protein". J. Protein Chem. 18 (2): 193–8. doi:10.1023/A:1020628006453. PMID 10333293. S2CID 1653738.
Lie J, de Crom R, Jauhiainen M, van Gent T, van Haperen R, Scheek L, Jansen H, Ehnholm C, van Tol A (2001). "Evaluation of phospholipid transfer protein and cholesteryl ester transfer protein as contributors to the generation of pre beta-high-density lipoproteins". Biochem. J. 360 (Pt 2): 379–85. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3600379. PMC 1222238 . PMID 11716766.
Kärkkäinen M, Oka T, Olkkonen VM, Metso J, Hattori H, Jauhiainen M, Ehnholm C (2002). "Isolation and partial characterization of the inactive and active forms of human plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP)". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (18): 15413–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112247200 . PMID 11854286.
Murdoch SJ, Wolfbauer G, Kennedy H, Marcovina SM, Carr MC, Albers JJ (2002). "Differences in reactivity of antibodies to active versus inactive PLTP significantly impacts PLTP measurement". J. Lipid Res. 43 (2): 281–9. doi: 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)30170-X . PMID 11861670.

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[WikiPathways-7] The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "Statin_Pathway_WP430".

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000100979 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000017754 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: PLTP phospholipid transfer protein".

[pmid9469594-6] 1 2 Pussinen PJ, Jauhiainen M, Metso J, Pyle LE, Marcel YL, Fidge NH, Ehnholm C (Jan 1998). "Binding of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) to apolipoproteins A-I and A-II: location of a PLTP binding domain in the amino terminal region of apoA-I". J. Lipid Res. 39 (1): 152–61. doi: 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)34211-5 . PMID 9469594.

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[§ 1]

v t e Lipids: lipoprotein particle metabolism
Lipoprotein particle classes and subclasses	delivery of TGs: Chylomicron VLDL delivery of C and CE: IDL LDL lb LDL sd LDL Lp(a) HDL Remnant cholesterol
Apolipoproteins	APOA 1 2 4 5 APOB APOC 1 2 3 4 APOD APOE APOH SAA SAA1
Extracellular enzymes	LCAT LIPC LPL
Lipid transfer proteins	CETP MTTP PLTP
Cell surface receptors	HDL: SCARB1 IDL: LRP LRP1 LRP1B LRP2 LRP3 LRP4 LRP5 LRP5L LRP6 LRP8 LRP10 LRP11 LRP12 LDL: LDLR LRPAP1
ATP-binding cassette transporter	ABCA1 ABCG5 ABCG8