Alders are trees that compose the genus Alnus in the birch family Betulaceae. The genus includes about 35 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few species extending into Central America, as well as the northern and southern Andes.
Alnus glutinosa, the common alder, black alder, European alder, European black alder, or just alder, is a species of tree in the family Betulaceae, native to most of Europe, southwest Asia and northern Africa. It thrives in wet locations where its association with the bacterium Frankia alni enables it to grow in poor quality soils. It is a medium-sized, short-lived tree growing to a height of up to 30 metres (98 feet). It has short-stalked rounded leaves and separate male and female flowers in the form of catkins. The small, rounded fruits are cone-like and the seeds are dispersed by wind and water.
Alnus cordata, the Italian alder, is a tree or shrub species belonging to the family Betulaceae, and native to the southern Apennine Mountains and the north-eastern mountains of Corsica. It has been introduced in Sicily, Sardinia, and more recently in Central-Northern Italy, other European countries and extra-European countries, where it has become naturalised.
Frangula alnus, commonly known as alder buckthorn, glossy buckthorn, or breaking buckthorn, is a tall deciduous shrub in the family Rhamnaceae. Unlike other "buckthorns", alder buckthorn does not have thorns. It is native to Europe, northernmost Africa, and western Asia, from Ireland and Great Britain north to the 68th parallel in Scandinavia, east to central Siberia and Xinjiang in western China, and south to northern Morocco, Turkey, and the Alborz in Iran and the Caucasus Mountains; in the northwest of its range, it is rare and scattered. It is also introduced and naturalised in eastern North America.
Ennomos autumnaria, the large thorn, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species can be found in Western and Central Europe East to Russia and Siberia
Lacanobia thalassina, the pale-shouldered brocade, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Europe east across the Palearctic to the Russian Far East and Siberia.
Hydrelia sylvata, the waved carpet, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found throughout the temperate parts of the Palearctic realm.
Stigmella alnetella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in all of Europe, except the Balkan Peninsula.
Stigmella glutinosae is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in all of Europe.
Trichiura crataegi, the pale eggar or pale oak eggar, is a moth of the family Lasiocampidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is found in all of Europe, east to Anatolia and east across the Palearctic to Amur.
Leucoptera malifoliella, the pear leaf blister moth, ribbed apple leaf miner or apple leaf miner, is a moth of the Lyonetiidae family that can be found in all of Europe.
Phyllonorycter ulmifoliella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found in all of Europe, east to Russia and Japan.
Phyllonorycter rajella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from all of Europe, except the Iberian Peninsula and Greece.
Coleophora siccifolia is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found in most of Europe.
Coleophora fuscocuprella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found from Fennoscandia to the Pyrenees, Italy, Albania and Romania and from Ireland to Russia.
Coleophora orbitella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found from Scandinavia and northern Russia to the Pyrenees and Italy and from Ireland to Poland and Hungary.
Alnus serrulata, the hazel alder or smooth alder, is a thicket-forming shrub in the family Betulaceae. It is native to eastern North America and can be found from western Nova Scotia and southern New Brunswick south to Florida and Texas.
Heliozela resplendella is a moth of the Heliozelidae family. It is found from Fennoscandia and northern Russia to the Pyrenees, Alps and Romania and from Ireland to the Baltic region.
The 2017–18 Eredivisie was the 62nd season of the Eredivisie since its establishment in 1955. The season began on 11 August 2017 and concluded on 6 May 2018; the Europa League and relegation play-offs took place later that month. Feyenoord were the defending champions from the previous season. On 15 April 2018, PSV became champions for the 24th time after defeating their closest rival Ajax 3–0 at the Philips Stadion.
The 2018–19 Eredivisie was the 63rd season of the Eredivisie since its establishment in 1955. The season began on 10 August 2018 and concluded on 15 May 2019; the Europa League and relegation play-offs will take place later that month. PSV were the defending champions. Emmen, De Graafschap and Fortuna Sittard joined as the promoted clubs from the 2017–18 Eerste Divisie. They replaced Sparta Rotterdam, Twente and Roda JC who were relegated to the 2018–19 Eerste Divisie.
