Phylloporus rhodoxanthus, commonly known as the gilled bolete,[1] is a species of fungus in the family Boletaceae. Like other species in the genus, it has a lamellate (gilled) hymenium and forms a mycorrhizal association with the roots of living trees, specifically beech and oak in North and Central America. It is edible.
The cap is initially convex before flattening out in age, sometimes developing a central depression; it attains diameters of 2–12cm (3⁄4–4+3⁄4in).[4] The cap margin is initially curved inward. The cap surface is dry, with a somewhat velvet-like texture, and often develops cracks in maturity that reveal the pale yellow flesh underneath. Its color ranges from dull red to reddish brown, to reddish yellow, or olive brown. The flesh has no distinct taste or odor. The gills are decurrent to somewhat decurrent, and well-spaced. They are deep yellow, staining greenish to brownish,[4] often wrinkled, and usually with cross-veins in the spaces between the gills, sometimes giving the gills a somewhat pore-like appearance.
The cylindrical stem measures 4–10cm (1+1⁄2–4in) long[4] by 7.5cm (3in) thick and is often tapered toward the base. The stem is firm and solid (i.e., not hollow), and yellow, with yellow mycelium at the base. It frequently has longitudinal grooves extending down from the gills.[5]
The spore print is olivaecous yellow-brown.[6] The spores are elliptical to spindle-shaped, smooth, and measure 9–14 by 3.5–5μm.[5]
The yellow gills
Similar species
In North America, the species can be confused with: P.leucomycelinus, distinguished by the presence of white mycelium at the base of its stem; P.arenicola, associated with pines in western North America; P.boletinoides, present in southern North America and having a subporoid, olive-yellow hymenium; and P.foliiporus, also present in southern North America and microscopically distinguished by the presence of cystidia.[7]
Habitat and distribution
The fruit bodies grow on the ground singly or in small groups in deciduous forests of oak and beech.[7] The species has a wide distribution in North America, where it fruits from July to October,[8] and has also been reported from Belize.[7] The name was formerly applied to Phylloporus species from Asia (China,[9] India,[10] and Taiwan),[11] Australia,[12] and Europe,[13] but more recent research has shown that these non-American records refer to different species.[7][14]
Uses
The fruit bodies are edible and considered good by some.[4][15] The flavor has been described as "tender and nutty", and drying the fruit bodies first enhances the flavor. Suitable culinary uses include sauteing, adding to sauces or stuffings, or raw as a colorful garnish.[15] They are also used by hobbyists to make mushroom dyes of beige, greenish beige, or gold colors, depending on the mordant used.[16]
↑ von Schweinitz LD. (1822). "Synopsis fungorum Carolinae superioris". Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Leipzig (in German). 1: 20–131 (see p. 83).
↑ Bresadola G. (1900). Fungi Tridentini (in Latin). Vol.2. Tridenti, lith. typ. J. Zippel. pp.82–118.
1 2 3 4 Neves NA, Halling RE. (2010). "Study on species of Phylloporus. I - Neotropics and North America". Mycologia. 102 (4): 923–43. doi:10.3852/09-215. PMID20648759.
↑ Phillips R. (2005). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, New York: Firefly Books. p.253. ISBN1-55407-115-1.
↑ Bin L, Dong YR, Hou WG, Tong LH, Yuan S (2007). "Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Jiangsu Province, China". Pedosphere. 17 (1): 30–5. doi:10.1016/S1002-0160(07)60004-6.
↑ Abraham SP. (1993). "Larger fungi from Kashmir-X". Indian Journal of Forestry. 16 (3): 204–13. ISSN0250-524X.
↑ Yeh KW, Chen ZC (1980). "The boletes of Taiwan I". Taiwania. 25: 166–84. ISSN0372-333X.
↑ Fuhrer B. (2005). A Field Guide to Australian Fungi. Melbourne: Bloomings Books. p.139; 185. ISBN1-876473-51-7.
↑ Neves MA, Binder M, Halling R, Hibbett D, Soytong K (2012). "The phylogeny of selected Phylloporus species, inferred from NUC-LSU and ITS sequences, and descriptions of new species from the Old World". Fungal Diversity. 55 (1): 109–23. doi:10.1007/s13225-012-0154-0. S2CID17272328.
↑ Bessette A, Bessette AR (2001). The Rainbow Beneath my Feet: A Mushroom Dyer's Field Guide. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p.48. ISBN0-8156-0680-X.
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The yellow gills
