Pierre Radisson-class icebreaker

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Brise glace des groseillers.jpg
Des Groseilliers in 2006
Class overview
NamePierre Radisson or R class
BuildersVarious
Operators Canadian Coast Guard
SubclassesImproved R class
Built1976–1988
In service1977–present
Completed4
Active4
General characteristics for Pierre Radisson as built
TypeMedium Icebreaker
Tonnage
Displacement
  • 6,400 long tons (6,500 t) standard
  • 8,180 long tons (8,310 t) fully loaded
Length98.3 m (322 ft 6 in)
Beam19.5 m (64 ft 0 in)
Draught7.2 m (23 ft 7 in)
Ice class Arctic Class 3
Installed power Diesel-electric: 6 × Alco M251F, 17,580 shp (13,110 kW); 6 GEC generators, 2 motors 13,600 shp (10,100 kW)
Propulsion2 shafts, bow thruster
Speed16 knots (30 km/h)
Range15,000 nmi (28,000 km) at 13.5 knots (25.0 km/h)
Endurance120 days
Complement38
Aircraft carried1 × MBB Bo 105 or Bell 206L helicopter
Aviation facilities Hangar and flight deck

The Pierre Radisson-class icebreakers, also known as R-class icebreakers, are a class of four icebreakers constructed for and operated by the Canadian Coast Guard. The Canadian Coast Guard designates the four ships in the class as medium icebreakers. Built in two phases, the first three ships, Pierre Radisson, Franklin and Des Groseilliers, were built to a common design. The fourth, Henry Larsen was built to a modified design and is considered a subclass, the Improved R-class icebreaker. Franklin was later renamed Sir John Franklin before undergoing a re-design for use primarily as an Arctic research vessel. Upon the vessel's return to service, the ship was once again renamed Amundsen. All the vessels are named for people who sailed through Canada's northern waters. The class operates in the Arctic Ocean in the summer, patrolling, icebreaking and research missions.

Contents

Design and description

CCGS Pierre Radisson docked at Trois-Rivieres with a Bell 429 GlobalRanger on deck CCGS Pierre Radisson docked at Trois Rivieres with Bell 429 on deck.jpg
CCGS Pierre Radisson docked at Trois-Rivières with a Bell 429 GlobalRanger on deck

The Pierre Radisson class were designed for Coast Guard operations in the Arctic Ocean. [1] Pierre Radisson, being the first ship constructed in the class, has a standard displacement of 6,400 long tons (6,500 t) and 8,180 long tons (8,310 t) fully loaded. As built the vessel has a gross register tonnage (GRT) of 5,910, a 1,678  net tonnage  (NT) and 2,865 tons deadweight (DWT). [2] [3] The ship is 98.3 metres (322 ft 6 in) long overall with a beam of 19.5 metres (64 ft 0 in) and a draught of 7.2 metres (23 ft 7 in). [2] [3] The tonnage was later remeasured to 5,775  gross tonnage  (GT). [4]

The vessel is propelled by two fixed-pitch propellers and one bow thruster powered by a diesel-electric system comprising six Alco M251F diesel engines that when driving the shafts create 17,580 shaft horsepower (13,110 kW) and six GEC generators creating 11.1 megawatts sustained powering two motors that when driving the shafts create 13,600 shp (10,100 kW). The vessel is also equipped with one Caterpillar 398 emergency generator. [2] [5] This gives the vessel a maximum speed of 16 knots (30 km/h). [2] The vessel can carry 2,450 m3 (540,000 imp gal) of diesel fuel and has a range of 15,000 nautical miles (28,000 km) at 15 knots (28 km/h) and can stay at sea for up to 120 days. [5]

Pierre Radisson is equipped with a Sperry navigational radar operating on the E/F and I bands. [2] The icebreaker has a flight deck and hangar which originally accommodated a MBB Bo 105 or Bell 206L light helicopter, [2] but currently supports the Bell 429 GlobalRanger and Bell 412EPI which were acquired by the Canadian Coast Guard in the 2010s to replace the older helicopters. [6] The ship can carry 25.9 m3 (5,700 imp gal) of aviation fuel for the helicopters. The vessel is certified as Arctic Class 3 and has a complement of 31 with 11 officers and 20 crew. [5]

Improved R class

General characteristics for Henry Larsen as built
Tonnage
  • 6,166  GT
  • 1,756  NT
Displacement8,290 long tons (8,420 t) full load
Length99.8 m (327 ft 5 in)
Beam19.6 m (64 ft 4 in)
Draught7.3 m (23 ft 11 in)
Ice class Arctic Class 4
Propulsion
Speed16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph)
Range20,000 nautical miles (37,000 km; 23,000 mi) at 13.5 knots (25.0 km/h; 15.5 mph)
Endurance90 days
Capacity40
Complement31
Sensors and
processing systems		1 × Sperry Marine Bridgemaster navigational radar
Aircraft carried1 × light helicopter
Aviation facilitiesHangar and flight deck

Classified as a Medium Gulf/River Icebreaker by the Canadian Coast Guard, Henry Larsen was ordered to a modified design from the rest of the class. The vessel's hull form differs from her classmates, with a differently-shaped bow with a raised forecastle and underwater "ice knife". [7] The vessel also has a different propulsion system. Furthermore, the ship has a Wärtsilä air-bubbling system installed to allow the vessel to reduce hull friction and more easily break ice. [2] [8] Henry Larsen displaces 8,290 long tons (8,420 t) at full load. The vessel has a 6,166  gross tonnage  (GT) and a 1,756  net tonnage  (NT) making her the largest vessel in the class. The icebreaker is 99.8 metres (327 ft 5 in) long overall with a beam of 19.6 metres (64 ft 4 in) and a draught of 7.3 metres (23 ft 11 in). [2] [9]

The ship is propelled by two fixed-pitch propellers driven by a diesel-electric system comprising two GE AC electric motors and three Wärtsilä Vasa 16V32 diesel engines. Combined, the system creates 12,174 kilowatts (16,326 hp), giving the ship a maximum speed of 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph). The ship carries 1,650 m3 (360,000 imp gal) of diesel fuel, giving the ship a range of 20,000 nautical miles (37,000 km; 23,000 mi) at 13.5 knots (25.0 km/h; 15.5 mph) and can stay at sea for up to 90 days. [2] [9]

The icebreaker is equipped with a Sperry Marine Bridgemaster navigational radar. Henry Larsen has a flight deck and hangar located at the stern of the ship which originally accommodated a MBB Bo 105 or Bell 206L light helicopter, [8] but currently supports the Bell 429 GlobalRanger and Bell 412EPI which were acquired by the Canadian Coast Guard in the 2010s to replace the older helicopters. [6] The ship can carry 22.0 m3 (4,800 imp gal) of aviation fuel for the helicopters. The vessel is certified as Arctic Class 4 and has a complement of 31 with 11 officers and 20 crew and 40 additional berths. The vessel is also equipped with a hospital ward. [8] [9]

Amundsen modifications

In 2003, Sir John Franklin was reactivated and transformed into a hybrid science ship. Part of the vessel's storage holds were transformed into laboratory space. The refit included the addition of a moon pool, which enables scientists to lower scientific instruments from inside the hull without cutting a hole in the ice, multi-beam sonar, the replacement of heating and electrical systems, and installation of state-of-the-art scientific equipment. [10]

Ships in class

CCGS Pierre Radisson Canadian Coast Guard Ship Pierre Radisson.jpg
CCGS Pierre Radisson
CCGS Amundsen CCGS Amundsen.jpg
CCGS Amundsen
CCGS Henry Larsen in St. John's Harbour, 2010 CCGS Henry Larsen, Medium Icebreaker.jpg
CCGS Henry Larsen in St. John's Harbour, 2010
Pierre Radisson class construction data [3] [11] [12] [13]
NameBuilderLaunchedIn serviceStatus
Pierre Radisson Versatile Pacific Shipyards Limited, Vancouver 3 June 1977June 1978In service
Amundsen (ex-Franklin, Sir John Franklin) Burrard Dry Dock, North Vancouver 10 March 1978March 1979In service
Des Groseilliers Port Weller Dry Docks Limited, St. Catharines 20 February 1982August 1982In service
Improved R class
Henry Larsen Versatile Pacific Shipyards Limited, Vancouver23 August 198529 June 1988In service

Service history

The first three ships entered service between 1977 and 1982. Pierre Radisson, the first ship of the class, underwent sea trials while transiting the Northwest Passage en route to Quebec City. [14] During the transit, Pierre Radisson assisted CCGS Camsell which had been severely damaged by ice in the western Arctic. [15] After completion, Franklin, the second ship of the class, performed sea trials in the western Arctic and Northwest Passage. While transiting the Northwest Passage, heading to the icebreaker's assigned base in Newfoundland, Franklin lost a propeller in Viscount Melville Sound and was rescued by CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent and returned to the west coast. The two ships then transited to the East Coast of Canada via the Panama Canal. In 1980, the vessel was renamed to Sir John Franklin at the request of the crew. [16] [17] In 1983, Des Groseilliers, the third vessel in the class, made her first voyage to the Arctic. [18]

In April 1984, after the opening of the navigation season on the Saint Lawrence Seaway and the Great Lakes, the area froze up, driving six cargo ships ashore and a further eighteen became stuck in the ice. Five icebreakers were assigned to aid the merchant vessels, however, they proved unable to meet the task. Des Groseilliers and CCGS Griffon were sent to their aid, with Des Groseilliers arriving on 11 April and worked to free the stuck vessels and provide safe passage until 29 April. [19]

In 1987, Sir John Franklin escorted the Arctic cargo ship/oil tanker MV Arctic to Nanisivik. In July 1989, the icebreaker again attempted to transit the Northwest Passage but was forced to break off the attempt after ice conditions were found to be too severe. In June 1994, at the height of the Turbot War, Sir John Franklin was among the Coast Guard vessels sent to monitor the European fishing fleets on the Grand Banks. The ship was kept just out of sight but within radar range of foreign fishing trawlers. These actions led to the detainment and seizure of the Spanish fishing trawler Estai. [20]

In 1988, Henry Larsen joined the fleet. On the ship's maiden voyage from Victoria, British Columbia to Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, the vessel transited the Northwest Passage, performing sea trials on the trip. [21] Following the 1995 transfer of the Canadian Coast Guard from the Department of Transport to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Sir John Franklin was deemed surplus to the fleet in 1996. In August 2003 after funding was received for the new dedicated research vessel, and Sir John Franklin was taken to Les Mechins, Quebec to be refitted as a research ship. The ship reentered service that year and was renamed Amundsen. [10] [22]

Ice station SHEBA base, Des Groseilliers (right) with Louis S. St-Laurent Ice Station SHEBA-CRREL.jpg
Ice station SHEBA base, Des Groseilliers (right) with Louis S. St-Laurent

As part of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment in 1997, Louis S. St-Laurent and Des Groseilliers sailed through the Northwest Passage to meet CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier in Alaskan waters. Sir Wilfrid Laurier then escorted Des Groseilliers to a point where Des Groseilliers's engines were shut off on 2 October and the ship was left with a minimum crew and a group of international scientists. The vessel was then left to drift in the pack ice for a year and dubbed "Ice Station SHEBA". [14] [23]

Pierre Radisson participated in Operation Nanook in 2008 and 2009, annual joint training exercises with elements of the Canadian Forces to conduct sovereignty and disaster patrols in the Canadian Arctic. [24] In 2011, it was announced that an image of Amundsen would be placed on the backside of the new Canadian 50 Dollar polymer banknote. This was intended to mark Canada's northern frontier and arctic research [25] [26] In September 2013, Henry Larsen was sent to aid sister ship Amundsen in recovering a MBB Bo 155 helicopter that had deployed from Amundsen and crashed near Banks Island killing three crew members including Amundsen's master. The helicopter had sunk in 420 metres (1,380 ft) of water and Henry Larsen assisted Amundsen in keeping the ice clear while Amundsen brought the helicopter wreckage back to the surface. [27] In August 2014, Henry Larsen participated in Operation Nanook. [28]

Related Research Articles

CCGS <i>Henry Larsen</i>

CCGS Henry Larsen is a Canadian Coast Guard Improved Pierre Radisson-class icebreaker serving in the Newfoundland and Labrador region and based in St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. Entering service in 1988, Henry Larsen is the fourth ship and of an improved design over the rest of the ships in her class. The ship operates in the Arctic Ocean during summer months.

CCGS <i>Samuel Risley</i> Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker and buoy tender

CCGS Samuel Risley is a Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker and buoy tender assigned to the Great Lakes area. Lead ship of her class, the vessel is named after Samuel Risley, the 19th century maritime inspector and first head of Board of Steamship Inspectors for Upper Canada and Ontario. Based in the Great Lakes, CCGS Samuel Risley is responsible for keeping an ice-free passage between Port Colborne, Ontario and Thunder Bay, Ontario.

CCGS <i>Amundsen</i> Icebreaker of the Canadian Coast Guard

CCGS Amundsen is a Pierre Radisson-class icebreaker and Arctic research vessel operated by the Canadian Coast Guard. The vessel entered service in 1979 as Franklin and was renamed Sir John Franklin in 1980 and served as such until 1996. Declared surplus, the vessel was used as an accommodation ship in Labrador in 1996 and placed in reserve in 2000. In 2003, the ship was reactivated and underwent conversion to an Arctic research vessel. The ship recommissioned as Amundsen.

CCGS <i>Labrador</i>

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CCGS <i>Sir William Alexander</i>

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CCGS <i>Des Groseilliers</i>

CCGS Des Groseilliers is a Pierre Radisson-class icebreaker in the Canadian Coast Guard. The vessel is named after Médard Chouart des Groseilliers (1618–1669) a close associate of Pierre-Esprit Radisson in explorations west of the Great Lakes and the founding of the British Hudson's Bay Company. The ship entered service in 1982. The vessel has participated in a number of research voyages, including Ice Station SHEBA. As part of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment conducted in the Arctic Ocean from October 1997 to October 1998 to provide polar input to global climate models, Des Groseilliers was allowed to be frozen into the ice for the Arctic winter, to serve as a base for scientific researchers.

CCGS <i>Sir Wilfrid Laurier</i>

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Chilean icebreaker <i>Almirante Óscar Viel</i>

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CCGS <i>N.B. McLean</i> Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker

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CCGS <i>DIberville</i>

CCGS D'Iberville was a Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker that was in service from 1952 to 1983 and was Canada's first modern icebreaker. The ship commissioned as CGS D'Iberville for the Department of Transport's Marine Service, using the prefix "Canadian Government Ship", D'Iberville was transferred into the newly-created Canadian Coast Guard in 1962. When launched, she was the largest icebreaker in use by Canada post-World War II until CCGS John A. Macdonald was put in service. In 1984, the icebreaker was renamed Phillip O'Hara before returning to her old name in 1988. In 1989 the vessel was sold for scrap and broken up at Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

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CCGS <i>George R. Pearkes</i>

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CCGS <i>Sir Humphrey Gilbert</i>

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CCGS J.E. Bernier was a Canadian Coast Guard medium Arctic icebreaker with a steel hull. The vessel was in service from 1967 to 2006. The ship was initially based at Quebec City but finished her career at St. John's. The ship was named for Joseph-Elzéar Bernier, captain of CGS Arctic which explored and monitored the eastern Arctic for the Government of Canada in the early 20th century. The vessel was sold in 2006 to private interests.

<i>Martha L. Black</i>-class icebreaker

The Martha L. Black-class icebreakers are a class of six light icebreaker and buoy tenders constructed for and operated by the Canadian Coast Guard. Built in the 1980s, the class operates on both coasts of Canada and have been used for operations in the Arctic region, including the search for the ships of Franklin's lost expedition. They are rated as "high endurance multi-tasked vessels" under Canadian Coast Guard naming rules.

<i>Samuel Risley</i>-class icebreaker

The Samuel Risley-class icebreakers are a class of two icebreakers and buoy tenders constructed for and operated by the Canadian Coast Guard. The two ships are based on offshore supply tugboat design and entered service in the 1980s. Samuel Risley is deployed to the Central Region, operating mainly on the Great Lakes of North America, while Earl Grey is posted to Atlantic Canada, working off the east coast of Canada.

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Maginley & Collin 2001, p. 154.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Saunders 2004, p. 95.
  3. 1 2 3 "Pierre Radisson (7510834)" . Miramar Ship Index . Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  4. ↑ "Pierre Radisson (7510834)" . Equasis. French Ministry for Transport . Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  5. 1 2 3 "CCG Fleet: Vessel Details – CCGS Pierre Radisson". Canadian Coast Guard. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  6. 1 2 Johnson, Oliver (5 January 2018). "Better, Faster, Stronger: The Canadian Coast Guard's new helicopter fleet". Vertical Magazine. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  7. ↑ Maginley & Collin 2001, p. 156.
  8. 1 2 3 "CCGS Henry Larsen". Canadian Coast Guard. 28 July 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 "CCG Fleet: Vessel Details – CCGS Henry Larsen". Canadian Coast Guard. 4 February 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  10. 1 2 "Canadian Research Icebreaker CCGSAmundsen Platform Outcome Measurement Study (POMS) report" (PDF). University of Laval. November 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 December 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  11. ↑ "Des Groseilliers (8006385)" . Miramar Ship Index . Retrieved 10 December 2016.
  12. ↑ "Henry Larsen (8409329)" . Miramar Ship Index . Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  13. ↑ "Franklin (7510846)" . Miramar Ship Index . Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  14. 1 2 Maginley & Collin 2001, p. 155.
  15. ↑ Maginley 2003, pp. 125–26.
  16. ↑ Maginley & Collin 2001, pp. 154–155.
  17. ↑ Maginley 2003, p. 126.
  18. ↑ Maginley 2003, p. 127.
  19. ↑ Maginley 2003, p. 117.
  20. ↑ Maginley 2003, pp. 126, 129–30, 195.
  21. ↑ Maginley 2003, p. 130.
  22. ↑ "The CCGS Amundsen – The Canadian Coast Guard's New Scientific Icebreaker". Department of Fisheries and Oceans. August 2003. Archived from the original on 12 November 2011. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  23. ↑ Maginley 2003, pp. 133–34.
  24. ↑ Thompson, Elizabeth (20 August 2009). "Military takes Arctic trip: Operation Nanook 09 let Canadian Rangers, regular Forces members exchange skills". Edmonton Sun . Archived from the original on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  25. ↑ "Bank Note Design". Bank of Canada . Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  26. ↑ "Bank of Canada Unveils Polymer Bank Note Series: Celebrating Canada's Achievements at the Frontiers of Innovation" (PDF) (Press release). Bank of Canada. 20 June 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2011. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  27. ↑ "Coast Guard icebreakers to recover chopper lost in Arctic waters: DFO". Nunatsiaq News. 19 September 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
  28. ↑ Pugliese, David (26 August 2014). "Operation Nanook 2014 search and rescue exercise enters new phase". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 18 December 2016.

Sources

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