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Conodonts are an extinct group of eel-looking agnathan (jawless) vertebrates, classified in the class Conodonta. For many years, they were known only from fossils of their spiky oral elements, which are usually found in isolation and are now called conodont elements, while knowledge about soft tissues remains limited. A resilient group of prehistoric fish, conodonts existed in the world's oceans for over 300 million years, from the Cambrian to the beginning of the Jurassic. Due to their cosmopolitan distribution, conodont elements are widely used as index fossils, fossils used to define and identify geological periods.
Agnatha is an infraphylum of jawless fish in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, consisting of both living (cyclostomes) and extinct species. Among recent animals, cyclostomes are sister to all vertebrates with jaws, known as gnathostomes.
Promissum is an extinct genus of conodonts, primitive chordates, that lived during the Upper Ordovician period.
Prioniodontida, also known as the "complex conodonts", is a large clade of conodonts that includes two major evolutionary grades; the Prioniodinina and the Ozarkodinina. It includes many of the more famous conodonts, such as the giant ordovician Promissum (Prioniodinina) from the Soom Shale and the Carboniferous specimens from the Granton Shrimp bed (Ozarkodinina). They are euconodonts, in that their elements are composed of two layers; the crown and the basal body, and are assumed to be a clade.
Ellisoniidae is an extinct family of conodonts, a kind of primitive chordate.
Ellisonia is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Ellisoniidae.
Hadrodontina is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Ellisoniidae.
Bactrognathidae is an extinct family of conodonts in the order Prioniodinida.
Doliognathus is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Bactrognathidae from the Middle Dinantian. It is a genus of multielement conodonts.
Staurognathus is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Bactrognathidae from the Middle Dinantian. It is a genus of multielement conodonts.
Wurmiella is an extinct conodont genus.
Ozarkodinida is an extinct conodont order. It is part of the clade Prioniodontida, also known as the "complex conodonts".
Kockelellidae is an extinct conodont family.
Palmatolepidae is an extinct conodont family. It is part of the clade Prioniodontida, also known as the "complex conodonts".
Ozarkodina is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Spathognathodontidae.
Icriodus is an extinct conodont genus in the family Gnathodontidae.
Distomodus is an extinct genus of conodonts.
Metapolygnathus is an extinct genus of platform conodonts.
Prioniodus is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Balognathidae from the Ordovician.
Prioniodinidae is an extinct family of conodonts in the order Prioniodinida.
References
- Sweet, W. C; P. C.J Donoghue (2001). "Conodonts: past, present, future". Journal of Paleontology 75 (6): 1174.
