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The Rhaetian is, in geochronology, the latest age of the Triassic period or in chronostratigraphy the uppermost stage of the Triassic system. According to the current ICS system, the Rhaetian ended 201.3 ± 0.2 million years ago. It is uncertain when it began, but a commonly cited approximation of 208.5 Ma originated in the 2012 ICS timescale. It was preceded by the Norian and succeeded by the Hettangian.
The Carnian is the lowermost stage of the Upper Triassic series. It lasted from 237 to 227 million years ago (Ma). The Carnian is preceded by the Ladinian and is followed by the Norian. Its boundaries are not characterized by major extinctions or biotic turnovers, but a climatic event occurred during the Carnian and seems to be associated with important extinctions or biotic radiations.
The Late Triassic is the third and final of three epochs of the Triassic Period in the geologic timescale. The Triassic-Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth. The corresponding series is known as the Upper Triassic. In Europe the epoch was called the Keuper, after a German lithostratigraphic group that has a roughly corresponding age. The Late Triassic spans the time between 237 Ma and 201.3 Ma. It is preceded by the Middle Triassic epoch and is followed by the Early Jurassic epoch. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian ages.
The Ladinian is a stage and age in the Middle Triassic series or epoch. It spans the time between 242 Ma and ~237 Ma. The Ladinian was preceded by the Anisian and succeeded by the Carnian.
Revueltosaurus is an extinct genus of suchian pseudosuchian from Late Triassic deposits of New Mexico, Arizona and North Carolina, United States. Many specimens, mostly teeth, have been assigned to Revueltosaurus over the years. Currently, three species are included in this genus, all of which were originally thought to represent monospecific genera of basal ornithischian dinosaurs. It was 1 meter long.
Dinosauromorpha is a clade of archosaurs that includes the clade Dinosauria (dinosaurs), and all animals more closely related to dinosaurs than to pterosaurs. Birds are the only surviving dinosauromorphs.
Jachaleria was a dicynodont herbivore that lived from the Ladinian to Norian stages of the Middle to Late Triassic, from approximately 240 to 220 million years ago. Jachaleria was one of the last representatives of the dicynodonts, occurring in Argentina and Brazil. It lacked teeth, much like Stahleckeria, but was closer in size to Dinodontosaurus.
The Norian is a division of the Triassic geological period. It has the rank of an age (geochronology) or stage (chronostratigraphy). The Norian lasted from ~227 to 208.5 million years ago. It was preceded by the Carnian and succeeded by the Rhaetian.
Arganarhinus is an extinct genus of phytosaur known from the late Triassic period of Argana Basin in Morocco. It is known from a skull which is housed at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. It was first named by Long and Murry in 1995 and the type species is Arganarhinus magnoculus. Its closest relative was Paleorhinus.
Scoloparia is an extinct genus of procolophonid parareptile from the Late Triassic of Canada. Fossils have been found in the Carnian- to Norian-age Wolfville Formation in Nova Scotia.
The Carnian Pluvial Event (CPE) was a major change in global climate and biotic turnover that occurred during the Carnian, early Late Triassic, ≈230 million years ago. The base of the CPE is marked by a ≈4‰ negative shift in carbon stable isotopes of fossil molecules (n-alkanes) from higher plants and total organic carbon. A ≈1.5‰ negative shift in oxygen stable isotopes of conodont apatite suggests a global warming. Major changes in organisms responsible for calcium carbonate production occurred during the CPE. A halt of carbonate sedimentation is observed in deep water settings of Southern Italy that was probably caused by the rise of the carbonate compensation depth (CCD). High extinction rates occurred among ammonoids, conodonts, bryozoa, and crinoids. Major evolutionary innovations followed the CPE, as the first occurrence of dinosaurs, lepidosaurs, an expansion of coniferous trees, calcareous nanofossils and scleractinian corals.
Metapolygnathus is an extinct genus of platform conodonts.
Acuminatella is a genus of gondolellid conodonts. Fossils have been found in the Pardonet Formation in the Schooler Creek Group in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.
Kraussodontus is an extinct genus of gondolellid ozarkodinid conodonts of the Late Triassic in the Pardonet Formation of Canada.
Epigondolella is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Gondolellidae.
Mazzaella is an extinct genus of ozarkodinid conodonts in the family Gondolellidae from the Late Triassic of Europe and Turkey.
Conodonts are an extinct class of animals whose feeding apparatuses called teeth or elements are common microfossils found in strata dating from the Stage 10 of the Furongian, the fourth and final series of the Cambrian, to the Rhaetian stage of the Late Triassic. These elements can be used alternatively to or in correlation with other types of fossils in the subfield of the stratigraphy named biostratigraphy.
Misikella is an extinct genus of conodonts. It is a genus with a tetramembrate conodont apparatus.
The Alaunian, also known as "Middle Norian", is a sub-age in the Upper Triassic. It is followed by the Upper Norian, also known as Sevatian.
Bagualosaurus is a genus of sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Santa Maria Formation of Brazil, dating to around 230 million years ago in the Carnian of the Late Triassic. It includes one species, Bagualosaurus agudoensis.
References
- ↑ Integrated ammonoid, conodont and radiolarian zonation of the Triassic and some remarks to Stage/Substage subdivision and the numeric age of the Triassic stages. HW Kozur, Albertiana, 2003
- 1 2 Michele Mazza; Andrea Cau; Manuel Rigo (2012). "Application of numerical cladistic analyses to the Carnian–Norian conodonts: a new approach for phylogenetic interpretations". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10 (3): 401–422. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.573584
- 1 2 3 Michael J. Orchard (2013). "Five new genera of conodonts from the Carnian-Norian boundary beds of Black Bear Ridge, northeast British Columbia, Canada" (PDF). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 61: 445–457.
- 1 2 3 Michele Mazza; Manuel Rigo; Maria Gullo (2012). "Taxonomy and biostratigraphic record of the Upper Triassic conodonts of the Pizzo Mondello section (western Sicily, Italy), GSSP candidate for the base of the Norian". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 118 (1): 85–130.
