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Conodonts are an extinct group of agnathan (jawless) Fish resembling eels, classified in the class Conodonta. For many years, they were known only from their tooth-like oral elements found in isolation and now called conodont elements. Knowledge about soft tissues remains limited. They existed in the worlds oceans for over 300 million years, from the Cambrian to the beginning of the Jurassic. Conodont elements are widely used as index fossils, fossils used to define and identify geological periods. The animals are also called Conodontophora to avoid ambiguity.
In the geologic timescale, the Anisian is the lower stage or earliest age of the Middle Triassic series or epoch and lasted from 247.2 million years ago until 242 million years ago. The Anisian Age succeeds the Olenekian Age and precedes the Ladinian Age.
Promissum is an extinct genus of conodonts, primitive chordates, that lived during the Upper Ordovician period.
Archeognathus is a fossilized jaw apparatus of a large predatory conodont from the Ordovician period. Its large size has made classification difficult, and it has historically been compared to conodonts and gnathostomes since its remains were first discovered in Missouri. Complete articulated jaw apparatus of Archeognathus primus are common in the Winneshiek Shale lagerstätte of Iowa, allowing its identity as a conodont to be secured.
Prioniodontida, also known as the "complex conodonts", is a large clade of conodonts that includes two major evolutionary grades; the Prioniodinina and the Ozarkodinina. It includes many of the more famous conodonts, such as the giant ordovician Promissum (Prioniodinina) from the Soom Shale and the Carboniferous specimens from the Granton Shrimp bed (Ozarkodinina). They are euconodonts, in that their elements are composed of two layers; the crown and the basal body, and are assumed to be a clade.
Ellisoniidae is an extinct family of conodonts, a kind of primitive chordate.
Cordylodontidae is a family of conodonts.
Ozarkodina is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Spathognathodontidae.
Palmatolepis is an extinct conodont genus in the family Palmatolepidae. It was the most abundant genus of conodonts of the Late Devonian, disappearing during the Devonian/Carboniferous crisis.
Balognathidae is an extinct conodont family.
Furnishina is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Furnishinidae from the Cambrian.
Icriodus is an extinct conodont genus in the family Gnathodontidae.
Alternognathus is an extinct conodont genus in the family Elictognathidae. An extensive study on its population dynamics and lifespan has recently been published.
Diplognathodus is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Anchignathodontidae. Specimens are found in Carboniferous and Permian formations.
Metapolygnathus is an extinct genus of platform conodonts.
Protohertzina is a genus of conodonts or, possibly, Chaetognaths, found at the beginning of the Cambrian explosion.
The conodont feeding apparatus is a series of phosphatic-mineralized elements, resembling a set of “teeth”, which are found lining the oral surface of the conodont animal.
Oncodella is an extinct genus of Late Triassic conodont. The genus was given the type species Oncodella idiodentica by Mosher (1968), on the basis of fossils from the Late Triassic of Austria. However, Mosher (1969) later revised the species name to Oncodella paucidentata, since identical fossils from the same area were previously given the name Hindeodella paucidentata by Mostler (1967).
Panderodus Is an extinct genus of jawless fish belonging to the order Conodonta. This genus had a long temporal range, surviving from the middle Ordovician to late Devonian. Recently, extremely rare body fossils of Panderodus from the Waukesha Biota were described, and it revealed that Panderodus had a more thick body compared to the more slender bodies of more advanced conodonts. It also revealed that this conodont was a macrophagous predator, meaning it went after large prey.
References
- ↑ Late Palaeozoic species of Ellisonia (Conodontophorida) : evolutionary and palaeoecological significance. Peter H. Von Bitter and Glen K. Merrill, Royal Ontario Museum, 1983, doi : 10.5962/bhl.title.52241, (book)
- ↑ A natural assemblage of Ellisonia sp. cf. E. triassica Müller (Vertebrata: Conodonta) from the uppermost Permian in the Suzuka Mountains, central Japan. Toshio Koike, Satoshi Yamakita and Naoki Kadota, Paleontological Research, 8(4), pages 241-253, 2004, doi : 10.2517/prpsj.8.241
- Bibliography of conodonts. by Samuel P Ellison (1977)
