Promegantereon

Promegantereon Temporal range: Middle Miocene–Late Miocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Restoration by Mauricio Antón
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Suborder:	Feliformia
Family:	Felidae
Subfamily:	† Machairodontinae
Tribe:	† Smilodontini
Genus:	† Promegantereon Kretzoi, 1938
Type species
Promegantereon ogygia (Kaup, 1832)
Synonyms [1]
Felis ogygiaKaup, 1832 Felis antediluvianaKaup, 1832 Felis Ogygea(Kaup, 1832) sensu Blainville, 1842 Felis pardus eppelsheimensisKoppen, 1869 Machaerodus ogygius(Kaup, 1832) sensu Cope, 1879 Machaerodus ogygia(Kaup, 1832) sensu Weithofer, 1888 Pontosmilus ogygius(Kaup, 1832) sensu Kretzoi, 1929 Paramachaerodus ogygia(Kaup, 1832) sensu Pilgrim, 1931 Paramachairodus ogygius(Kaup, 1832) sensu Haupt, 1935 Neofelis (?) antediluviana(Kaup, 1832) sensu Haupt, 1935

Promegantereon is an extinct genus of machairodont from the Miocene of Europe. It is one of the oldest machairodont cats in the Smilodontini and is believed to be an ancestor of Megantereon and Smilodon . ^[1]

History and taxonomy

The species Felis ogygia was first described by Kaup in 1832. In 1938, Kretzoi proposed moving it to the new genus Promegantereon. ^[2]

Description

Promegantereon is one of the oldest known true saber-toothed cats. Its fossils were discovered in Cerro de los Batallones, a Late Miocene fossil site near Madrid, Spain. However, it was only known from skull fragments from Eppelsheim until the early 1990s when the Cerro de los Battlones fossil beds were discovered. The animal was about 58 centimetres (23 in) high at the shoulder, similar to a leopard in size, but with a more supple body. The shape of its limbs suggests that it may have been an agile, scansorial climber, and could have hunted relatively large prey thanks to its elongate, flattened upper canines. ^[3] In appearance it was highly similar to the contemporary Paramachairodus , so much so, they were and are often considered to be the same genus. However, due to its more primitive morphology as evidenced by Salesa et al. in 2002 with an in-depth description of its anatomy, Promegantereon ogygia is believed to be its own genus and species and therefore should remain separate from Paramachairodus. ^[4]

Palaeobiology

P. ogygia had low levels of sexual dimorphism, which is indicative of minimal intraspecific competition for mates. It also suggests that adults of the species had a high degree of tolerance for one another and that young adults of the species would have been able to inhabit their mothers' territory after maturing. ^[5]

Paleoecology

Promegantereon seemed to prefer open woodland habitat, as evidenced by finds at Cerro de los Batallones, which is a fossil deposit of Vallesian age. As a predator at Batallones, it would have hunted many of the relatively large herbivores of the time as well as the young of much larger animals. Such herbivores that it could hunt would have included horses like Hipparion , young of the hornless rhinoceros Aceratherium and the proboscidean Tetralophodon , the suid Microstonyx , and possibly the calves of silvatherid giraffes and boselaphine antelopes. Promegantereon would have competed for such prey with the amphicyonid Magericyon , fellow machairodonts Machairodus and Paramachairodus , the bear Indarctos , and the small hyenid Protictitherium . While the much larger Indarctos, Machairodus and Magericyon would likely have been strongly competitive with for food and would likely have driven it from its kills when they sensed an opportunity, Paramachairodus and Protictitherium meanwhile, likely were less dangerous rivals that could be driven away or fought off. ^[4]

Pathology

The specimens of Promegantereon at Batallones indicate that high percentages of canine breaks were present in this species. This indicates that they hunted in a similar manner to modern cats, a method of hunting that was much riskier due to the lack of protruding incisors. ^[4]

References

1. Salesa, Manuel J.; Antón, Mauricio; Turner, Alan; Alcalá, Luis; Montoya, Plinio; Morales, Jorge (2010). "Systematic revision of the Late Miocene sabre-toothed felid Paramachaerodus in Spain". Palaeontology. 53 (6): 1369–1391. Bibcode:2010Palgy..53.1369S. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.01013.x. S2CID   83268098.
2. Kretzoi, Miklós (1938). "Die Raubtiere von Gombaszög nebst einer Ubersicht der Gesamtfauna" [The predators of Gombaszög together with an overview of the overall fauna](PDF). Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici (in German). 31. Budapest: Hungarian Natural History Museum: 88–157. ISSN   0521-4726.
3. Turner, Alan (1997). The Big Cats and their fossil relatives. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 60. ISBN   0-231-10228-3.
4. Antón, Mauricio (2013). Sabertooth. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. p. 52. ISBN   9780253010421.
5. Salesa, M. J.; Antón, Mauricio; Turner, A.; Morales, J. (21 February 2006). "Inferred behaviour and ecology of the primitive sabre-toothed cat Paramachairodus ogygia (Felidae, Machairodontinae) from the Late Miocene of Spain". Journal of Zoology . 268 (3): 243–254. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2005.00032.x. ISSN   0952-8369 . Retrieved 29 July 2025– via Zoological Society of London.