Pseuduvaria mulgraveana

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Pseuduvaria mulgraveana
Pseuduvaria mulgraveana.jpg
Flower
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: Pseuduvaria
Species:
P. mulgraveana
Binomial name
Pseuduvaria mulgraveana
Jessup [2] [3]

Pseuduvaria mulgraveana is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae endemic to Queensland, Australia. L.W. Jessup, the botanist who first formally described the species, named it after the Mulgrave River, where the specimen he examined was collected. [4] [5]

Contents

Description

Fruit Pseuduvaria mulgraveana fruit JL-DOWE.jpg
Fruit

It is a small tree reaching up to 7 m in height. The young, light yellow to dark brown branches are densely hairy but become hairless as the branches mature. The branches also have sparse lenticels. Its elliptical, membranous to papery leaves are 9–17 by 4–8.5 cm. The leaves have rounded to flat bases and tapering tips, with the tapering portion 5–18 mm long. The leaves are hairless on their upper surfaces and slightly hairy on their lower surfaces. They have 8–12 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs. The densely hairy petioles are 2–5 by 0.8–2.5 mm with a broad groove on their upper side.

The solitary inflorescences occur on branches, and are organized on indistinct peduncles. Each inflorescence has a solitary flower held on a sparsely to very densely hairy pedicel that is 20–45 by 0.3–0.8 mm. The pedicels are organized on a rachis up to 5 mm long that has 2 bracts. The pedicels have a medial, very densely hairy bract that is 0.7–1.2 mm long. Its flowers are male or hermaphroditic and have 3 triangular sepals, that are 1.5–3 by 1–2 mm. The sepals are hairless on their upper surface, sparsely to densely hairy on their lower surface, and hairy at their margins. Its 6 petals are arranged in two rows of 3. The white to light purple, egg-shaped, outer petals are 4.5–8.5 by 4.5–7 mm with hairless upper and sparsely hairy lower surfaces. The white to light purple, diamond-shaped inner petals have a 1.5–5 mm long claw at their base and a 6.5–15 by 6–10.5 mm blade. The inner petals have flat to pointed bases and pointed to sharply pointed tips. The inner petals are hairless on their upper surfaces, except at the margins near the tip, and sparsely to densely hairy on their lower surfaces. The inner petals have two, elliptical, smooth, prominently raised glands on their upper surface. Male flowers have 105–115 stamens that are 0.8–1 by 1–2.2 mm. Hermaphroditic flowers have 28–30 carpels that are 1–2.2 by 0.5–0.7 mm. Each carpel has 2 ovules arranged in a row. The hermaphroditic flowers also have up to 10 stamens.

The fruit occur in clusters of up to 10 on slightly hairy pedicels that are 32–45 by 1–2 mm. The orange, oval to globe-shaped fruit are 10–13 by 6–13 mm. The fruit are smooth, and very densely hairy. Each fruit has up to 2 spherical, wrinkly seeds that are 8–9.5 by 8.5–10 by 5.5–7.5 mm. [6] [7]

Reproductive biology

The pollen of P. mulgraveana is shed as permanent tetrads. [8] Aethina australis beetles have been observed in the field serving as pollinators. P. mulgraveana has both male and hermaphroditic flowers, but the anthers in the latter only mature after the petals have fallen and the pollinators have left, rendering them effectively monoicous. [7]

Taxonomy

This species was first described by the Australian botanist Laurence W. Jessup in his paper "The Genus Pseuduvaria Miq. (Annonaceae) in Australia", published in 1987. Prior to this, the species had been misidentified as Mitrephora froggattii (now Pseuduvaria froggattii ). Two varieties are recognised: P. mulgraveana var. mulgraveana and P. mulgraveana var. glabrescens. [5] [9] [10]

Distribution and habitat

Pseuduvaria mulgraveana grows as an understorey tree in well developed rainforest. The variety mulgraveana occurs near the bases of Queensland's two highest mountains, Mount Bartle Frere and Mount Bellenden Ker, at altitudes from near sea level up to about 100 m. The variety glabrescens occurs further north, from the Mulgrave River to the Mowbray River near Port Douglas, at altitudes up to 800 m. [9] [10]

Conservation

This species has been assessed under the Queensland Government's Nature Conservation Act as being of least concern. [1] As of 19 May 2024, it has not been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Uses

Oils extracted from its leaves contain high levels of elemicin. [11]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Pseuduvaria glabrescens</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

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<i>Pseuduvaria reticulata</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

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<i>Pseuduvaria sessilifolia</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

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<i>Pseuduvaria villosa</i> Species of plant in the family Annonaceae

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References

  1. 1 2 "Species profile—Pseuduvaria mulgraveana". Queensland Department of Environment and Science. Queensland Government. 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  2. ↑ "Pseuduvaria mulgraveana". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government . Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  3. ↑ "Pseuduvaria mulgraveana Jessup". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  4. ↑ "Pseuduvaria mulgraveana Jessup". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000. n.d. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  5. 1 2 Jessup, L.W. (1987). "The Genus Pseuduvaria Miq. (Annonaceae) in Australia". Austrobaileya. 2 (4): 307–313. JSTOR   41738691.
  6. ↑ Su, Yvonne C.F.; Saunders, Richard M.K. (2006). Monograph of Pseuduvaria (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs. Vol. 79. American Society of Plant Taxonomists. pp. 1–204. JSTOR   25027955.
  7. 1 2 Pang, Chun-Chiu; Scharaschkin, Tanya; Su, Yvonne C. F.; Saunders, Richard M. K. (2013). "Functional Monoecy Due to Delayed Anther Dehiscence: A Novel Mechanism in Pseuduvaria mulgraveana (Annonaceae)". PLOS ONE. 8 (3): e59951. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059951 . ISSN   1932-6203. PMC   3608580 . PMID   23555844.
  8. ↑ Su, Yvonne C. F.; Saunders, Richard M. K. (2003). "Pollen structure, tetrad cohesion and pollen-connecting threads in Pseuduvaria (Annonaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 143 (1): 69–78. doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00204.x . ISSN   1095-8339.
  9. 1 2 F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Pseuduvaria mulgraveana var. mulgraveana". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  10. 1 2 F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Pseuduvaria mulgraveana var. glabrescens". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  11. ↑ Brophy, Joseph J.; Goldsack, Robert J.; Hook, James M.; Fookes, Christopher J.R.; Forster, Paul I. (2004). "The Leaf Essential Oils of the Australian Species of Pseuduvaria (Annonaceae)". Journal of Essential Oil Research. 16 (4): 362–366. doi:10.1080/10412905.2004.9698743. ISSN   1041-2905. S2CID   95394730.
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