Pyronaridine

Last updated
Pyronaridine
Pyronaridine.svg
Clinical data
Other namesPyronaridine tetraphosphate
Routes of
administration 		Oral, intramuscular injection, intravenous therapy
ATC code
  • none
Legal status
Legal status
  • CLP (EU): Acute Tox. 3(H301), Eye Dam. 1 (H318), Repr. 2 (H361), Aquatic Chronic 4 (H413)[ clarification needed ]
Identifiers
  • 4-[(7-Chloro-2-methoxy-pyrido[3,2-b]quinolin-10-yl)amino]-2,6-bis(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)phenol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
Formula C29H32ClN5O2
Molar mass 518.06 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • Clc1ccc6c(c1)nc2ccc(OC)nc2c6Nc5cc(CN3CCCC3)c(O)c(CN4CCCC4)c5
  • InChI=1S/C29H32ClN5O2/c1-37-26-9-8-24-28(33-26)27(23-7-6-21(30)16-25(23)32-24)31-22-14-19(17-34-10-2-3-11-34)29(36)20(15-22)18-35-12-4-5-13-35/h6-9,14-16,36H,2-5,10-13,17-18H2,1H3,(H,31,32) Yes check.svgY
  • Key:DJUFPMUQJKWIJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
 X mark.svgNYes check.svgY  (what is this?)    (verify)

Pyronaridine is an antimalarial drug. [1] It was first made in 1970 and has been in clinical use in China since the 1980s. [2]

In a small (n=88) malaria study in Cameroon, pyronaridine had a 100% cure rate, compared with 60% for chloroquine. [3]

It is one of the components of the artemisinin combination therapy pyronaridine/artesunate (Pyramax). [4]

It has also been studied as a potential anticancer drug, [5] and treatment for Ebola. The combination of pyronaridine and artesunate has been evaluated to have a synergistic effect of stronger antiviral effect and less toxicity. [6] The combination of pyronaridine and artesunate is being studied as a possible treatment for moderate to severe SARS-COV-2. [7]

References

  1. ↑ Croft SL, Duparc S, Arbe-Barnes SJ, Craft JC, Shin CS, Fleckenstein L, et al. (August 2012). "Review of pyronaridine anti-malarial properties and product characteristics". Malaria Journal. 11: 270. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-270 . PMC   3483207 . PMID   22877082.
  2. ↑ Chang C, Lin-Hua T, Jantanavivat C (1992). "Studies on a new antimalarial compound: pyronaridine". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 86 (1): 7–10. doi:10.1016/0035-9203(92)90414-8. PMID   1566313.
  3. ↑ Ringwald P, Bickii J, Basco LK (April 1998). "Efficacy of oral pyronaridine for the treatment of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria in African children". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 26 (4): 946–953. doi: 10.1086/513942 . PMID   9564481.
  4. ↑ "Pyramax" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. 2016.
  5. ↑ Villanueva PJ, Martinez A, Baca ST, DeJesus RE, Larragoity M, Contreras L, et al. (2018). "Pyronaridine exerts potent cytotoxicity on human breast and hematological cancer cells through induction of apoptosis". PLOS ONE. 13 (11) e0206467. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1306467V. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206467 . PMC   6218039 . PMID   30395606.
  6. ↑ Lane TR, Massey C, Comer JE, Anantpadma M, Freundlich JS, Davey RA, et al. (November 2019). "Repurposing the antimalarial pyronaridine tetraphosphate to protect against Ebola virus infection". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 13 (11) e0007890. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007890 . PMC   6894882 . PMID   31751347.
  7. ↑ Krishna S, Augustin Y, Wang J, Xu C, Staines HM, Platteeuw H, et al. (January 2021). "Repurposing Antimalarials to Tackle the COVID-19 Pandemic". Trends in Parasitology. 37 (1): 8–11. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2020.10.003. PMC   7572038 . PMID   33153922.
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