Rabelera

Rabelera holostea
Distinctive deeply notched petals
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Caryophyllaceae
Genus:	Rabelera M.T.Sharples & E.A.Tripp
Species:	R. holostea
Binomial name
Rabelera holostea (L.) M.T.Sharples & E.A.Tripp
Synonyms
List Alsine holostea(L.) Britton Stellaria holosteaL. Alsine scabraStokes Cerastium holosteumCrantz Stellaria ciliataBubani Stellaria connataDulac Stellaria glaucaSalisb. Stellaria graminifoliaJ.G.Gmel. ex Fenzl Stellaria holostea var. angustifoliaRouy & Foucaud Stellaria holostea var. apetala(Rostr.) Graebn. Stellaria holostea f. apetalaRostr. Stellaria holostea subsp. hispidulaA.P.Khokhr. Stellaria holostea var. micropetalaSvanlund Stellaria holostea var. minorDelastre

Rabelera holostea, known as greater stitchwort, greater starwort, ^[1] and addersmeat, ^[2] is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae. It was formerly placed in the genus Stellaria , as Stellaria holostea, but was transferred to the genus Rabelera in 2019 based on phylogenetic analyses. ^{[3] [4] [5] [6]} It is the only species in the genus Rabelera. Greater stitchwort is native to Western and Central Europe, including the British Isles.

Greater stichwort can be found in woodlands, edges, and open fields ^[7] and is sometimes grown in gardens. ^[8]

Description

Greater stitchwort can grow up to 60 cm (24 in) in height, with roughly 4-angled stems. The long, narrow (lanceolate) leaves are greyish green, hairless, sessile, opposite, and decussate (the successive pairs borne at right angles to each other). ^{[9] : 460  [10] : 90  [11]}

The flowers are white, 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) across, with five petals split to about halfway the length of the petal. The sepals are much shorter than the petals. ^{[11] [12]}

• 
  Flowers
• 
  Leaves
• 
  With a small yellow underwing, Panemeria tenebrata

Taxonomy

Etymology

The specific epithet holostea comes from the Greek holosteon, meaning 'entire bone'; a reference to the brittleness of the weak stems of this plant. ^{[13] [ citation needed ]}

Common names

The common name stitchwort is a reference to a herbal remedy in which this plant is used allegedly to cure side stitch, which afflicts many people when they try to run without stretching first. ^[14] Other common names for Rabelera holostea include: daddy's-shirt-buttons, poor-man's buttonhole, brassy buttons, wedding cakes, star-of-Bethlehem, and snapdragon. ^{[8] [7]} Many of these names are in reference to the stems, which easily break. ^[8]

References

1. Brouillet L, Desmet P, Coursol F, Meades SJ, Favreau M, Anions M, Bélisle P, Gendreau C, Shorthouse D, et al. (2010). "Stellaria holostea L." Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN). Retrieved 27 May 2020.
2. NRCS. "Stellaria holostea". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 1 December 2015.
3. Sharples, Mathew T.; Tripp, Erin A. (14 December 2019). "Phylogenetic Relationships Within and Delimitation of the Cosmopolitan Flowering Plant Genus Stellaria L. (Caryophyllaceae): Core Stars and Fallen Stars". Systematic Botany. 44 (4): 857–876. doi:10.1600/036364419X15710776741440. S2CID   208176757.
4. "Rabelera holostea (L.) M.T.Sharples & E.A.Tripp". ipni.org. International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
5. Weakley, Alan S. (2020), Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States, University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
6. "Rabelera holostea (L.) M.T.Sharples & E.A.Tripp {ID 7523}". www.floraitaliae.actaplantarum.org. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
7. "Greater stitchwort". www.wildlifetrusts.org. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
8. Fowler, Alys (24 May 2014). "Alys Fowler: stitchwort". the Guardian. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
9. Stace, C. A. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9780521707725.
10. Blamey, M.; Fitter, R.; Fitter, A (2003). Wild flowers of Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora. London: A & C Black. ISBN   978-1408179505.
11. Sterry, Paul (1997). Complete British Wildlife. London: HarperCollins. p. 240. ISBN   978-0-583-33638-3.
12. Waller, Chris (1981). Nature Guide to the Lake District. London: Usborne Publishing. p. 72. ISBN   0-86020-403-0.
13. Pliny the Elder. Natural History. Book 27. Chapter 65
14. Stellaria holostea - Greater Stitchwort Retrieved 15 May 2017.