Results of the 1940 Victorian state election (Legislative Assembly)

Victorian state election, 16 March 1940 [1] [2] Legislative Assembly << 1937–1943 >>
Enrolled voters		841,864
Votes cast		786,359		Turnout	93.41	−0.55
Informal votes		12,287		Informal	1.56	+0.19
Summary of votes by party
Party		Primary votes	%	Swing	Seats	Change
	United Australia	274,113	35.41	−4.15	16	−2
	Labor	256,744	33.17	−7.86	22	+1
	United Country	109,626	14.06	−2.71	22	±0
	Liberal Country	18,104	2.34	+2.34	1	±0
	Communist	2,935	0.38	−0.34	0	±0
	Independent	112,550	14.53	+7.20	4	+1
Total		841,864			65

This is a list of electoral district results for the Victorian 1940 election.

Results by electoral district

Albert Park

1940 Victorian state election: Albert Park

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	William Haworth	11,427	51.6	+18.9
	Labor	David Casey	10,707	48.4	+8.3
Total formal votes			22,134	98.0	+1.7
Informal votes			453	2.0	−1.7
Turnout			22,587	92.9	−1.3
	United Australia hold		Swing	-1.7

Allandale

1940 Victorian state election: Allandale

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Patrick Denigan	5,533	59.0	+11.2
	Country	Albert Hocking	2,624	28.0	+0.7
	Liberal Country	William Chapman	1,218	13.0	+13.0
Total formal votes			9,375	98.9	−0.2
Informal votes			109	1.1	+0.2
Turnout			9,484	95.3	−0.8
Two-party-preferred result
	Labor	Patrick Denigan		61.2
	Country	Albert Hocking		38.8
	Labor hold		Swing	+10.6

• Two party preferred vote was estimated.

Ballarat

1940 Victorian state election: Ballarat

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	Thomas Hollway	10,902	65.5	−1.0
	Labor	Thomas Jude	5,728	34.5	+1.0
Total formal votes			16,630	99.4	+0.2
Informal votes			107	0.6	−0.2
Turnout			16,737	94.3	−1.0
	United Australia hold		Swing	-1.0

Barwon

1940 Victorian state election: Barwon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	Thomas Maltby	unopposed
	United Australia hold		Swing

Benalla

1940 Victorian state election: Benalla

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Country	Frederick Cook	5,592	55.0	+55.0
	Country	Manvers Meadows	4,580	45.0	+19.2
Total formal votes			10,172	98.9	0.0
Informal votes			115	1.1	0.0
Turnout			10,287	91.9	−3.1
	Liberal Country gain from Independent		Swing	N/A

Benambra

1940 Victorian state election: Benambra

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Roy Paton	unopposed
	Country hold		Swing

Bendigo

1940 Victorian state election: Bendigo

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Arthur Cook	unopposed
	Labor hold		Swing

Boroondara

1940 Victorian state election: Boroondara

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	Trevor Oldham	21,921	70.4	−29.6
	Independent	Reuben Kefford	9,196	29.6	+29.6
Total formal votes			31,117	98.2
Informal votes			585	1.8
Turnout			31,702	92.7
	United Australia hold		Swing

Brighton

1940 Victorian state election: Brighton

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Ian Macfarlan	16,507	57.2	+57.2
	United Australia	Robert Breen	8,519	29.5	−52.5
	Independent	John Warren	3,845	13.3	+13.3
Total formal votes			28,871	97.8	0.0
Informal votes			662	2.2	0.0
Turnout			29,533	94.2	+1.5
	Independent gain from United Australia		Swing	N/A

• Preferences were not distributed.

Brunswick

1940 Victorian state election: Brunswick

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	James Jewell	unopposed
	Labor hold		Swing

Bulla and Dalhousie

1940 Victorian state election: Bulla and Dalhousie

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	Harry White	3,581	39.2	−6.2
	Labor	Charlie Mutton	3,304	36.1	+5.5
	Country	John Milligan	2,254	24.7	+0.7
Total formal votes			9,139	99.0	+0.1
Informal votes			94	1.0	−0.1
Turnout			9,233	92.9	−0.7
Two-party-preferred result
	United Australia	Harry White	4,781	52.3	−4.0
	Labor	Charlie Mutton	4,358	47.7	+4.0
	United Australia hold		Swing	-4.0

Carlton

1940 Victorian state election: Carlton

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Bill Barry	13,058	71.3	−28.7
	United Australia	David Mandie	3,716	20.3	+20.3
	Communist	Ralph Gibson	1,547	8.4	+8.4
Total formal votes			18,321	95.8
Informal votes			804	4.2
Turnout			19,125	88.8
Two-party-preferred result
	Labor	Bill Barry		78.9
	United Australia	David Mandie		21.1
	Labor hold		Swing	N/A

• Two party preferred vote was estimated.

Castlemaine and Kyneton

1940 Victorian state election: Castlemaine and Kyneton

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Bill Hodson	5,844	57.7	+9.4
	United Australia	Charles Lucas	4,279	42.3	−9.4
Total formal votes			10,123	98.9	−0.5
Informal votes			109	1.1	+0.5
Turnout			10,232	94.6	+0.2
	Labor gain from United Australia		Swing	+9.4

Caulfield

1940 Victorian state election: Caulfield

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	Harold Cohen	19,178	71.5	−28.5
	Independent	Mary Jones	7,644	28.5	+28.5
Total formal votes			26,822	98.2
Informal votes			501	1.8
Turnout			27,323	92.8
	United Australia hold		Swing	N/A

Clifton Hill

1940 Victorian state election: Clifton Hill

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Bert Cremean	14,533	66.0	−1.8
	United Australia	Reginald Archer	7,489	34.0	+1.8
Total formal votes			22,022	98.2	−0.3
Informal votes			406	1.8	+0.3
Turnout			22,428	92.9	−0.1
	Labor hold		Swing	-1.8

Coburg

1940 Victorian state election: Coburg

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Frank Keane	17,927	67.1	+4.3
	United Australia	Richard Griffiths	8,810	32.9	−4.3
Total formal votes			26,737	98.6	−0.4
Informal votes			382	1.4	+0.4
Turnout			27,119	93.2	−2.0
	Labor hold		Swing	+4.3

Collingwood

1940 Victorian state election: Collingwood

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Tom Tunnecliffe	9,694	48.3	−33.2
	Independent Labor	James Baker	7,023	35.0	+35.0
	United Australia	Frederick Dods	1,950	9.7	−8.8
	Communist	John Blake	1,388	6.9	+6.9
Total formal votes			20,055	95.7	−2.5
Informal votes			893	4.3	+2.5
Turnout			20,948	91.0	−1.6
Two-candidate-preferred result
	Labor	Tom Tunnecliffe		52.1
	Independent	James Baker		47.9
	Labor hold		Swing	N/A

• Two candidate preferred vote was estimated.

Dandenong

1940 Victorian state election: Dandenong

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Frank Field	18,699	60.8	+10.2
	United Australia	Leslie Sheppard	12,030	39.2	−10.2
Total formal votes			30,729	98.9	+0.2
Informal votes			349	1.1	−0.2
Turnout			31,078	93.7	−0.7
	Labor hold		Swing	+10.2

Dundas

1940 Victorian state election: Dundas

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Bill Slater	7,358	63.0	−37.0
	United Australia	William Ellis	4,319	37.0	+37.0
Total formal votes			11,677	99.4
Informal votes			70	0.6
Turnout			11,747	95.0
	Labor hold		Swing	N/A

Essendon

1940 Victorian state election: Essendon

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	James Dillon	12,931	51.6	−3.1
	Labor	Arthur Clarey	12,149	48.4	+3.1
Total formal votes			25,080	99.0	+0.1
Informal votes			261	1.0	−0.1
Turnout			25,341	95.4	−1.3
	United Australia hold		Swing	-3.1

Evelyn

1940 Victorian state election: Evelyn

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	William Everard	unopposed
	United Australia hold		Swing

Flemington

1940 Victorian state election: Flemington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Jack Holland	16,060	75.9	+10.0
	United Australia	Raymond Trickey	5,096	24.1	−10.0
Total formal votes			21,156	98.3	−0.2
Informal votes			357	1.7	+0.2
Turnout			21,513	92.4	−3.7
	Labor hold		Swing	+10.0

Footscray

1940 Victorian state election: Footscray

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Jack Mullens	unopposed
	Labor hold		Swing

Geelong

1940 Victorian state election: Geelong

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Fanny Brownbill	12,456	67.3	−32.7
	United Australia	Nathaniel White	6,041	32.7	+32.7
Total formal votes			18,497	99.4
Informal votes			117	0.6
Turnout			18,614	95.4
	Labor hold		Swing	N/A

Gippsland East

1940 Victorian state election: Gippsland East

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Albert Lind	unopposed
	Country hold		Swing

Gippsland North

1940 Victorian state election: Gippsland North

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Alexander Borthwick	4,592	45.7	+24.2
	Labor	Albert Ainsworth	3,402	33.8	+14.8
	Liberal Country	Stephen Ashton	2,060	20.5	+20.5
Total formal votes			10,054	98.9	0.0
Informal votes			108	1.1	0.0
Turnout			10,162	92.1	−2.0
Two-party-preferred result
	Country	Alexander Borthwick	6,027	59.9	+11.9
	Labor	Albert Ainsworth	4,027	40.1	+40.1
	Country gain from Independent		Swing	N/A

Gippsland South

1940 Victorian state election: Gippsland South

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Herbert Hyland	unopposed
	Country hold		Swing

Gippsland West

1940 Victorian state election: Gippsland West

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Matthew Bennett	7,086	68.2	−31.8
	Liberal Country	Clement McCrostie	1,676	16.2	+16.2
	Independent	Harold Edwards	1,630	15.7	+15.7
Total formal votes			10,392	97.7
Informal votes			244	2.3
Turnout			10,636	92.9
	Country hold		Swing	N/A

• Preferences were not distributed.

Goulburn Valley

1940 Victorian state election: Goulburn Valley

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	John McDonald	unopposed
	Country hold		Swing

Grant

1940 Victorian state election: Grant

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Ind. United Australia	Frederick Holden	unopposed
	Ind. United Australia gain from United Australia		Swing	N/A

Gunbower

1940 Victorian state election: Gunbower

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Norman Martin	unopposed
	Country hold		Swing

Hampden

1940 Victorian state election: Hampden

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	William Cumming	5,045	48.6	+5.6
	Labor	Walter Kervin	3,382	32.6	+0.3
	Country	Thomas Moore	1,957	18.9	−5.8
Total formal votes			10,384	98.7	−0.4
Informal votes			138	1.3	+0.4
Turnout			10,522	94.9	0.0
Two-party-preferred result
	United Australia	William Cumming	6,197	59.7	+0.6
	Labor	Walter Kervin	4,187	40.3	−0.6
	United Australia hold		Swing	+0.6

Hawthorn

1940 Victorian state election: Hawthorn

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Leslie Hollins	12,918	53.9	+53.9
	United Australia	Les Tyack	11,034	46.1	−14.4
Total formal votes			12,918	98.8	−0.1
Informal votes			301	1.2	+0.1
Turnout			24,253	93.7	+1.6
	Independent gain from United Australia		Swing	N/A

Heidelberg

1940 Victorian state election: Heidelberg

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	Henry Zwar	19,226	63.6	+11.3
	Labor	James O'Meara	11,024	36.4	−11.3
Total formal votes			30,250	99.0	−0.3
Informal votes			312	1.0	+0.3
Turnout			30,562	95.3	+0.2
	United Australia hold		Swing	+11.3

Kara Kara and Borung

1940 Victorian state election: Kara Kara and Borung

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Finlay Cameron	5,117	50.2	−10.2
	Country	Patrick Toohey	2,678	26.3	+26.3
	Independent	John Green	2,390	23.5	−16.1
Total formal votes			10,185	99.1	−0.3
Informal votes			94	0.9	+0.3
Turnout			10,279	95.3	+1.2
Two-candidate-preferred result
	Country	Finlay Cameron		56.1	−4.3
	Country	Patrick Toohey		43.9	+43.9
	Country hold		Swing	N/A

• Two candidate preferred vote was estimated.

Kew

1940 Victorian state election: Kew

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	Wilfrid Kent Hughes	18,496	68.0	−0.1
	Labor	Arthur Kyle	8,716	32.0	+0.1
Total formal votes			27,212	98.8	0.0
Informal votes			321	1.2	0.0
Turnout			27,533	92.8	+0.8
	United Australia hold		Swing	-0.1

Korong and Eaglehawk

1940 Victorian state election: Korong and Eaglehawk

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Albert Dunstan	8,072	78.8	+1.3
	United Australia	Powley Smith	2,174	21.2	−1.3
Total formal votes			10,246	98.8	−0.6
Informal votes			123	1.2	+0.6
Turnout			10,369	93.4	−0.3
	Country hold		Swing	+1.3

Lowan

1940 Victorian state election: Lowan

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Hamilton Lamb	5,525	47.8	−18.0
	Independent	Winton Turnbull	2,962	25.7	+25.7
	United Australia	Arthur Bennett	2,267	19.6	−14.6
	Independent	Marcus Wettenhall	794	7.4	+7.4
Total formal votes			11,548	98.1	−1.2
Informal votes			223	1.9	+1.2
Turnout			11,771	94.9	+0.5
Two-candidate-preferred result
	Country	Hamilton Lamb		55.5	−10.3
	Independent	Winton Turnbull		44.5	+44.5
	Country hold		Swing	N/A

• Two candidate preferred vote was estimated.

Maryborough and Daylesford

1940 Victorian state election: Maryborough and Daylesford

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	George Frost	unopposed
	Labor hold		Swing

Melbourne

1940 Victorian state election: Melbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Tom Hayes	unopposed
	Labor hold		Swing

Mildura

1940 Victorian state election: Mildura

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Albert Allnutt	4,525	38.4	−20.9
	Country	Alfred Rawlings	3,878	32.9	+32.9
	Independent Labor	John Egan	3,376	28.7	+28.7
Total formal votes			11,779	97.2	−1.7
Informal votes			342	2.8	+1.7
Turnout			12,121	93.0	+0.2
Two-candidate-preferred result
	Country	Albert Allnutt	6,296	53.4	−5.9
	Country	Alfred Rawlings	5,483	46.6	+46.6
	Country hold		Swing	N/A

Mornington

1940 Victorian state election: Mornington

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Alfred Kirton	8,885	69.8	+22.9
	United Australia	Harold Smith	3,852	30.2	−22.9
Total formal votes			12,737	98.7	−0.6
Informal votes			174	1.3	+0.6
Turnout			12,911	90.4	−1.9
	Country gain from United Australia		Swing	+22.9

Northcote

1940 Victorian state election: Northcote

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	John Cain	17,184	74.4	+3.0
	United Australia	Herbert Rasmussen	5,902	25.6	−3.0
Total formal votes			23,086	98.7	−0.4
Informal votes			304	1.3	+0.4
Turnout			23,390	94.7	−0.1
	Labor hold		Swing	+3.0

Nunawading

1940 Victorian state election: Nunawading

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	William Dimmick	8,591	35.7	+5.8
	Independent	Ivy Weber	8,368	34.8	+8.2
	Labor	Thomas Brennan	7,097	29.5	+5.7
Total formal votes			24,056	98.0	+0.6
Informal votes			492	2.0	−0.6
Turnout			24,548	93.5	−0.6
Two-candidate-preferred result
	Independent	Ivy Weber	13,505	56.1	+2.3
	United Australia	William Dimmick	10,551	43.9	−2.3
	Independent hold		Swing	+2.3

Oakleigh

1940 Victorian state election: Oakleigh

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Squire Reid	17,451	55.0	+2.7
	United Australia	Lyston Chisholm	14,287	45.0	−2.7
Total formal votes			31,738	99.0	−0.2
Informal votes			309	1.0	+0.2
Turnout			32,047	94.6	+0.7
	Labor hold		Swing	+2.7

Ouyen

1940 Victorian state election: Ouyen

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Keith Dodgshun	6,786	73.0	−27.0
	Independent	Robert Johnstone	2,505	27.0	+27.0
Total formal votes			9,291	98.8
Informal votes			110	1.2
Turnout			9,401	93.3
	Country hold		Swing	N/A

Polwarth

1940 Victorian state election: Polwarth

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	Allan McDonald	6,494	58.4	+2.6
	Country	Leonard Parker	4,623	41.6	−2.6
Total formal votes			11,117	99.1	−0.3
Informal votes			98	0.9	+0.3
Turnout			11,215	94.4	−0.8
	United Australia hold		Swing	+2.6

Port Fairy and Glenelg

1940 Victorian state election: Port Fairy and Glenelg

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Ernie Bond	6,899	59.7	+59.7
	United Australia	Sydney Patterson	2,509	21.7	+21.7
	Country	Robert Rankin	2,137	18.5	+18.5
Total formal votes			11,545	98.7	−0.7
Informal votes			156	1.3	+0.7
Turnout			11,701	95.8	+1.0
Two-party-preferred result
	Labor	Ernie Bond		61.5	+61.5
	United Australia	Sydney Patterson		38.5	+38.5
	Labor gain from Independent		Swing	N/A

• Ernie Bond had been elected as an Independent in 1937 and joined the Labor party before the election.

Port Melbourne

1940 Victorian state election: Port Melbourne

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	James Murphy	unopposed
	Labor hold		Swing

Prahran

1940 Victorian state election: Prahran

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	John Ellis	12,878	55.8	+0.3
	Labor	Roy Cameron	10,193	44.2	−0.3
Total formal votes			23,071	98.2	−0.7
Informal votes			416	1.8	+0.7
Turnout			23,487	90.6	−3.6
	United Australia hold		Swing	+0.3

Richmond

1940 Victorian state election: Richmond

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	Ted Cotter	unopposed
	Labor hold		Swing

Rodney

1940 Victorian state election: Rodney

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	William Dunstone	6,163	56.1	−43.9
	Liberal Country	Archibald McFadyen	4,831	43.9	+43.9
Total formal votes			10,994	98.7
Informal votes			148	1.3
Turnout			11,142	92.9
	Country hold		Swing	N/A

St Kilda

1940 Victorian state election: St Kilda

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	Archie Michaelis	14,885	53.3	−13.4
	Independent	Francis Dawkins	13,060	46.7	+46.7
Total formal votes			27,945	98.2	0.0
Informal votes			504	1.8	0.0
Turnout			28,449	92.0	−0.5
	United Australia hold		Swing	N/A

Stawell and Ararat

1940 Victorian state election: Stawell and Ararat

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Alec McDonald	5,970	54.1	−45.9
	Labor	Stanley Freeland	5,067	45.9	+45.9
Total formal votes			11,037	99.1
Informal votes			102	0.9
Turnout			11,139	94.7
	Country hold		Swing	N/A

Swan Hill

1940 Victorian state election: Swan Hill

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Francis Old	5,030	59.2	−5.0
	Country	Percy Byrnes	1,776	20.9	−5.1
	Country	Launcelot Nind	1,686	19.8	+19.8
Total formal votes			8,492	98.4	−0.2
Informal votes			138	1.6	+0.2
Turnout			8,630	94.0	+0.9
	Country hold		Swing	N/A

• Preferences were not distributed.

Toorak

1940 Victorian state election: Toorak

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	Stanley Argyle	unopposed
	United Australia hold		Swing	N/A

Upper Goulburn

1940 Victorian state election: Upper Goulburn

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Edwin Mackrell	unopposed
	Country hold		Swing

Upper Yarra

1940 Victorian state election: Upper Yarra

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United Australia	George Knox	unopposed
	United Australia hold		Swing

Walhalla

1940 Victorian state election: Walhalla

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	William Moncur	unopposed
	Country hold		Swing

Wangaratta and Ovens

1940 Victorian state election: Wangaratta and Ovens

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Lot Diffey	7,700	73.8	−26.2
	Liberal Country	Rupert Whalley	2,727	26.2	+26.2
Total formal votes			10,427	98.7
Informal votes			141	1.3
Turnout			10,568	92.6
	Country hold		Swing	N/A

Waranga

1940 Victorian state election: Waranga

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Ernest Coyle	unopposed
	Country hold		Swing

Warrenheip and Grenville

1940 Victorian state election: Warrenheip and Grenville

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Edmund Hogan	4,981	51.7	−4.4
	Independent	Albert Woodward	3,379	35.1	+35.1
	Independent	James Ryan	1,278	13.3	+13.3
Total formal votes			9,638	98.2	+0.6
Informal votes			175	1.8	−0.6
Turnout			9,813	94.4	−1.1
Two-candidate-preferred result
	Country	Edmund Hogan		55.0	−1.1
	Independent	Albert Woodward		45.0	+45.0
	Country hold		Swing	N/A

• Two candidate preferred vote was estimated.

Warrnambool

1940 Victorian state election: Warrnambool

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Country	Henry Bailey	7,557	63.8	+5.8
	United Australia	Keith McGarvie	4,284	36.2	−5.8
Total formal votes			11,841	98.9	−0.4
Informal votes			137	1.1	+0.4
Turnout			11,978	95.0	−0.9
	Country hold		Swing	+5.8

Williamstown

1940 Victorian state election: Williamstown

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	John Lemmon	13,279	59.3	−1.7
	Independent	George Payne	9,119	40.7	+40.7
Total formal votes			22,398	98.7	−0.3
Informal votes			303	1.3	+0.3
Turnout			22,701	93.4	−2.6
	Labor hold		Swing	N/A

Wonthaggi

1940 Victorian state election: Wonthaggi

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labor	William McKenzie	unopposed
	Labor hold		Swing

See also

• 1940 Victorian state election
• Candidates of the 1940 Victorian state election
• Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1940–1943

References

1. Election held on 16 March 1940, Australian Politics and Elections Database (University of Western Australia).
2. Colin A Hughes, A Handbook of Australian Government and Politics 1890-1964, Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1968 ( ISBN   0708102700).