Robbie Robertson (album)

Last updated

Robbie Robertson
Robbie Robertson album.jpg
Studio album by
Robbie Robertson
ReleasedOctober 27, 1987 (1987-10-27)
Recorded1986
Studio
Genre Rock
Length44:24
Label Geffen
Producer
Robbie Robertson chronology
Robbie Robertson
(1987)		 Storyville
(1991)

Robbie Robertson is the solo debut album by Canadian rock musician Robbie Robertson, released in 1987. Though Robertson had been a professional musician since the late 1950s, notably a founder of and primary songwriter for The Band, this was his first solo album. Robbie Robertson won the Juno Award for "Album of the Year", and producers Daniel Lanois and Robertson won the "Producer of the Year" Juno award, both in 1989; there were no Juno Awards in 1988.

Contents

The album includes contributions from Rick Danko and Garth Hudson of The Band, as well as U2 and Peter Gabriel, both of whom had worked with Lanois. U2 was recording The Joshua Tree concurrent to the early stages of this album, and Gabriel had recorded So the previous year. U2's contributions are heard in the song "Sweet Fire of Love", a duet of sorts between Robertson and U2 lead singer Bono, and in "Testimony" again featuring backing by U2. Gabriel's contributions are heard on the song "Fallen Angel", which was dedicated to Richard Manuel, Robertson's former bandmate in The Band, and "Broken Arrow", which reverberates with Gabriel's signature Yamaha CP-80 electric piano. In addition, Tony Levin and Manu Katché, who were recording with Gabriel, are featured prominently on this record. [1]

In 2005 the album was reissued together with its follow-up, Storyville , as a two-CD set, in an expanded edition, each with two bonus tracks.

Production

After a lengthy sabbatical, Robertson announced via a 1983 article in Billboard magazine that he was returning and available to work on projects. [2] Film producer Art Linson encouraged Robertson to focus on creating a solo record when the two vacationed together in Rome that same year. [3] Robertson then began conceptualizing the idea, starting with creating a setting called "The Shadowland" where the songs in the album would take place. Robertson imagined The Shadowland to be a mythical place "that moves around according to [the] clouds that cover [it]", and imagined himself to be a wanderer who would narrate the events that would take place in this mythical locale. [4]

Robertson was signed to EMI Records by then head of A&R and longtime The Band fan Gary Gersh. Preliminary discussions and preproduction for Robertson's first solo album began in autumn 1984. Gersh then moved to Geffen Records, and convinced the label to buy out Robertson's contract with EMI. [5]

The first producer Robertson considered for production of the album was fellow Canadian Daniel Lanois. After meeting up with several more potential producers, Robertson decided to work with Lanois because of their shared interest in experimentation. After Lanois finished a stage of the production work with U2 on what would become their album The Joshua Tree , Robertson let Lanois know that he was ready to begin work on the album. The two began production and recording in July 1986. [4] [5]

Robertson kept an office on the property of the recording studio The Village Recorder in West Los Angeles, California, where he would work out ideas for the album. Much of the album was recorded there. Robertson's basic backing band included guitar player Bill Dillon, a friend of Lanois' who had also played for Ronnie Hawkins, as well as bass player Tony Levin, and Parisian drummer Manu Katché. Robertson brought in drummer Terry Bozzio after Katché had to return to Paris. Robertson also brought in The BoDeans to provide group vocals for some of the tracks on the album, most notably on "Showdown at Big Sky". [4] [5] BoDeans member Sam Llanas created a faux female voice that was used on the chorus of "Somewhere Down the Crazy River". [4] The Band members Garth Hudson and Rick Danko also appear on the album, as do Ivan Neville (son of R&B singer Aaron Neville) and jazz bassist Larry Klein. [6]

Lanois broke away from the album's production to continue working with U2 in August 1986, [7] while Robertson worked with director Martin Scorsese on creating and composing the score for the film The Color of Money (1986). [3] [5] While Lanois was working with U2, he invited Robertson to come out to Ireland to work in the home studio where U2 were recording. Robertson flew to Ireland in late August 1986, arriving in the aftermath of Hurricane Charley. [7] Robertson had just finished work on The Color of Money, and arrived with nothing prepared except for a Gil Evans horn chart left over from The Color of Money and a recording he had made of a guitar riff accompanied by a tom tom drum. Robertson fleshed out some lyrical ideas inspired by the hurricane and the turbulent flight over, while Lanois worked with the members of U2 on extracting a musical concept from the guitar riff Robertson had presented to them. Robertson and U2 lead singer Bono then improvised a set of lyrics in the studio while the band's instrumentalists played behind them, creating a 22-minute track that was edited into the song "Sweet Fire of Love". Lanois then used the Gil Evans horn arrangements as the basis of another track entitled "Testimony", which also featured the members of U2. [4] [5]

Robertson then flew to Bath, England to work with Peter Gabriel in his home studio. Robertson had been devising a track entitled "Fallen Angel" about a soul passing into the next dimension. Robertson attributed the direction he was taking to the recent passing of fellow Band alumnus Richard Manuel, who had committed suicide in a hotel room in Florida in March 1986, [8] and dedicated the song to him. Robertson loved the "ghosty, angelic sound" Gabriel achieved when stacking his vocals, and requested that Gabriel record background vocals for the song, which he agreed to. Gabriel also provided keyboards on "Fallen Angel", as well as keyboards and drum programming on "Broken Arrow", a song which was inspired by Robertson's Native American heritage. [4] [6]

Robertson also recorded at Bearsville Studios near Woodstock, New York, which was founded by his former manager Albert Grossman. At Bearsville Studios, Robertson worked on a version of "What About Now" that was withheld from the final release of the album, as well the track "American Roulette," which was inspired by a screenplay he had written. Robertson utilized Lone Justice lead singer Maria McKee as backing vocalist for these two tracks. [5] Engineer Bob Clearmountain was brought in to remix the album just before its release. [3]

Reception

Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
New Musical Express 8/10 [9]
Uncut 6/10 [10]

Released on October 26, 1987, [11] Robbie Robertson peaked at #35 on the Billboard 200, remaining in the Top 40 for 3 weeks. [12] Robbie Robertson produced several hits on the Billboard Mainstream Rock charts, with "Showdown at Big Sky" coming in the highest (#2) and "Sweet Fire of Love" the second highest (#7). [13] The album was nominated for a Grammy Award for "Best Rock / Vocal Album". [14] Robbie Robertson was certified gold in the United States in 1991. [15]

Robbie Robertson was critically well-received at the time of its release, placing at #13 in the annual Pazz & Jop Critics Poll published in The Village Voice . [16] The album was listed in the Top Ten Albums of the Year by several of the critics in Billboard magazine's 1987 "The Critics' Choice" end-of-the-year feature, [17] and in February 1988, the album was listed in Stereo Review magazine's "Best Recordings of The Month" feature. [18] In 1989, the album was listed as #77 in Rolling Stone's "100 Best Albums of the Eighties". [19]

The album did receive negative criticism as well, with Greil Marcus later deriding it as "draped in curtains of overproduction" with "themes so elaborated and vocals so disguised it was hard to discern an actual human being behind any of it." [20] Robert Christgau wrote that it "took some guts for such an unrepentant Americana-monger [like Robertson] to risk Anglophobe wrath" by collaborating with Lanois and Bono, but he was very disappointed with the results and graded the album with a C+. [21]

Barney Hoskyns dismissed it as sounding "bloated and grandiose," with Robertson "overreaching himself and getting lost in flights of airy verbosity." [22] Elvis Costello, a lifelong fan of The Band, said he "didn't like it at all," and that "it was like [Robertson] decided to make a Peter Gabriel album, whereas his songwriting was much more interesting and enigmatic when he was working on that smaller scale. It's almost like the best songs on the record are the ones that operate on that scale but have then been artificially inflated with steroids to become this widescreen Peter Gabriel music." [22]

Songwriting

"Broken Arrow"

Robbie Robertson's version reached number 29 on the RPM CanCon charts in 1988. [23] Rod Stewart recorded a version of "Broken Arrow" in 1991 for his album Vagabond Heart . [24] Stewart's version of the song was released as a single on August 26, 1991, [25] with an accompanying music video, reaching number 20 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and number two in Canada. [26] [27]

"Broken Arrow" was also performed live by the Grateful Dead from 1993 to 1995 with Phil Lesh on vocals. [28] Grateful Dead spinoff groups The Dead, Phil Lesh and Friends, and The Other Ones have also performed the song, each time with Lesh on vocals. [29]

This ballad is not to be confused either with Chuck Berry's 1959 single or Buffalo Springfield's 1967 song of the same name, written by Neil Young.

"American Roulette"

The lyrics of "American Roulette" deal with the theme of the rise to fame of three iconic Americans (James Dean in the first verse, Elvis Presley in the second verse, and Marilyn Monroe in the third verse) and its consequences for them personally. They are not mentioned by name but are described in idealistic terms rather than strictly biographical form. Musically, the song is notable for its guitar solo throughout as well as the instrumental conclusion.

"Somewhere Down the Crazy River"

When asked about the inspiration for the album's single "Somewhere Down the Crazy River", Lanois commented, "Robbie Robertson was describing what it was like to hang out in Arkansas with Levon Helm in his old neighbourhood. He was telling me about the hot nights and fishing with dynamite, and was asking someone for directions for someplace somewhere down the crazy river. ... I had presented him with this instrument that [Brian] Eno introduced me to called the Suzuki Omnichord, like an electric autoharp. He found a little chord sequence with it that was sweet and wonderful. As he was developing his chord sequence I recorded him and superimposed his storytelling, which I was secretly recording, on top. That was the birth of 'Somewhere Down The Crazy River.' It's kind of like a guy with a deep voice telling you about steaming nights in Arkansas." [30] This song is notable as Robertson's only solo hit in the UK, reaching number 15 on the UK singles chart. His follow-up single there, "Fallen Angel" (also from the album), reached number 95.

"Showdown at Big Sky"

Sam Llanas, from the BoDeans, provided the distinctive background vocals on this song, The BoDeans' Kurt Neumann and Llanas contributed backing vocals to "Somewhere Down the Crazy River" and "American Roulette". Because of the popularity of the BoDeans in their home state of Wisconsin, "Showdown at Big Sky" received significant airplay on Milwaukee AOR radio.[ citation needed ] Robertson's single reached #48 in the Canadian Top 100 and #8 in the CanCon charts. [31] [32]

"Fallen Angel"

"Fallen Angel" is lyrically about Robertson's former bandmate Richard Manuel, who took his own life in 1986. Peter Gabriel sings with Robertson on this track. It also features contributions from another former Band member Garth Hudson.

Track listing

All songs written by Robbie Robertson except where noted. [6]

  1. "Fallen Angel" (Robertson, Martin Page) – 5:52
  2. "Showdown at Big Sky" – 4:43
  3. "Broken Arrow" – 5:17
  4. "Sweet Fire of Love" (Robertson, U2) – 5:08
  5. "American Roulette" – 4:46
  6. "Somewhere Down the Crazy River" – 4:44
  7. "Hell's Half Acre" – 3:45
  8. "Sonny Got Caught in the Moonlight" – 3:45
  9. "Testimony" – 4:45

Bonus tracks on the 2005 expanded edition:

  2. "Christmas Must Be Tonight" – 4:51, from the soundtrack album Scrooged (1988)
  3. "Testimony" (edited 12" remix) – 6:34, with additional production and remix by Nile Rodgers

Personnel

Additional personnel

Note: The album credits erroneously credited Ashcombe House to being in London. Its correct location is Somerset.

Charts

Weekly charts

Album
Chart (1987–1988)Peak
position
Canada Top Albums/CDs ( RPM ) [33] 12
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) [34] 14
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) [35] 54
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) [36] 7
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista) [37] 5
Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) [38] 13
UK Albums (Official Charts Company) [39] 23
US Billboard 200 [40] 38

Year-end charts

Chart (1988)Position
Dutch Albums (MegaCharts) [41] 93

Single

YearSingleChartPeak
Position
1987"Showdown at Big Sky" Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks 2 [42]
1987"Sweet Fire of Love"Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks7 [42]
1988"Showdown at Big Sky"Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks21 [42]
1988"Somewhere Down the Crazy River"Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks24 [42]
1988"Somewhere Down the Crazy River" UK Singles Charts 15 [39]

Certifications

RegionCertification Certified units/sales
Canada (Music Canada) [43] 2× Platinum200,000^
France—34,900 [44]
New Zealand (RMNZ) [45] Gold7,500^
United Kingdom (BPI) [46] Gold100,000^
United States (RIAA) [47] Gold500,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

Related Research Articles

<i>The Joshua Tree</i> 1987 studio album by U2

The Joshua Tree is the fifth studio album by Irish rock band U2. It was produced by Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno, and was released on 9 March 1987 on Island Records. In contrast to the ambient experimentation of their 1984 release, The Unforgettable Fire, the band aimed for a harder-hitting sound within the limitation of conventional song structures on The Joshua Tree. The album is influenced by American and Irish roots music, and through sociopolitically conscious lyrics embellished with spiritual imagery, it contrasts the group's antipathy for the "real America" with their fascination with the "mythical America".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daniel Lanois</span> Canadian record producer and musician

Daniel Roland Lanois is a Canadian record producer and musician.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robbie Robertson</span> Canadian singer, songwriter and guitarist (1943–2023)

Jaime Royal "Robbie" Robertson was a Canadian musician. He was lead guitarist for Bob Dylan in the mid-late 1960s and early-mid 1970s, guitarist and songwriter with the Band from their inception until 1978, and a solo artist.

<i>So</i> (album) 1986 studio album by Peter Gabriel

So is the fifth studio album by English singer-songwriter Peter Gabriel, released on 19 May 1986 by Charisma Records and Virgin Records. After working on the soundtrack to the film Birdy (1984), producer Daniel Lanois was invited to remain at Gabriel's Somerset home during 1985 to work on his next solo project. Initial sessions for So consisted of Gabriel, Lanois and guitarist David Rhodes, although these grew to include a number of percussionists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BoDeans</span> American rock band

BoDeans is an American rock band formed in Waukesha, Wisconsin who came to prominence in the 1980s. The band's sound encompasses multiple rock genres, including roots rock, heartland rock, and alternative rock. The band's biggest hit to date is "Closer to Free", which was used as the theme song to the hit TV series Party of Five. The band has been described as "one of the most successful, and best known, bands to come out of the Milwaukee area". BoDeans is included in a permanent installation at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum in Cleveland, Ohio.

<i>Shaking the Tree: Sixteen Golden Greats</i> 1990 greatest hits album by Peter Gabriel

Shaking the Tree: Sixteen Golden Greats is a compilation album by the English rock musician Peter Gabriel. It was released in 1990 as Gabriel's first career retrospective, including songs from his first solo album Peter Gabriel (1977), through Passion: Music for The Last Temptation of Christ (1989). It was remastered with most of Gabriel's catalogue in 2002. The vinyl version of the album is called Shaking the Tree: Twelve Golden Greats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">In God's Country</span> 1987 single by U2

"In God's Country" is a song by the rock band U2. It is the seventh track from their fifth studio album The Joshua Tree and was released as the album's fourth single in November 1987 in North America only.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">With or Without You</span> 1987 single by U2

"With or Without You" is a song by Irish rock band U2. It is the third track on their fifth studio album, The Joshua Tree (1987), and was released as the album's lead single on 16 March 1987. The song was the group's most successful single at the time, becoming their first number-one hit in both the United States and Canada by topping the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks and the RPM national singles chart for one week, with a further three weeks at number two.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beautiful Day</span> 2000 single by U2

"Beautiful Day" is a song by Irish rock band U2. It is the first track on their tenth studio album, All That You Can't Leave Behind (2000), and was released as the album's lead single on 9 October 2000. The song was a commercial success, helping launch the album to multi-platinum status, and is one of U2's biggest hits to date.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For</span> 1987 single by U2

"I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" is a song by Irish rock band U2. It is the second track from their 1987 album The Joshua Tree and was released as the album's second single in May 1987. The song was a hit, becoming the band's second consecutive number-one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 while peaking at number six on the UK Singles Chart.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Even Better Than the Real Thing</span> 1992 single by U2

"Even Better Than the Real Thing" is a song by Irish rock band U2, and is the second track on their seventh album, Achtung Baby (1992). It was released as the album's fourth single on 8 June 1992, and it reached number three in Ireland and Canada while becoming a top-ten hit in Austria, New Zealand, and Sweden. A remixed version of the song released the same year peaked at number eight in the United Kingdom and number 10 in Ireland. In 1997, readers of Mojo named the song the 71st-best track of the 1990s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Numb (U2 song)</span> 1993 song by U2

"Numb" is a song by rock band U2. It is the third track from their 1993 album Zooropa and was released in June 1993 as the album's first single. The song features a monotonous mantra of "don't" commands spoken by guitarist the Edge amidst a backdrop of various sound effects and samples. The noisy composition and lyrical concept for "Numb" were inspired by the theme of sensory overload, which had prominently been incorporated into the Zoo TV Tour. Lead singer Bono and drummer Larry Mullen Jr. provided backing vocals on the track.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mysterious Ways (song)</span> 1991 single by U2

"Mysterious Ways" is a song by Irish rock band U2. It is the eighth track from their 1991 album, Achtung Baby, and was released as the album's second single on 2 December 1991. The song began as an improvisation called "Sick Puppy", with the band liking only the bass part that bassist Adam Clayton composed. The band struggled to build a song from it, with vocalist Bono and producer Daniel Lanois arguing intensely during one songwriting session. The song's breakthrough came after guitarist the Edge began experimenting with the Korg A3 effects unit. "Mysterious Ways" features a danceable beat, funky guitar hook, and conga-laden percussion, as well as mystical lyrics by Bono about romance and women.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Desire (U2 song)</span> 1988 single by U2

"Desire" is a song by Irish rock band U2 and the third track on their 1988 album, Rattle and Hum. It was released as the album's lead single on 19 September 1988, and became the band's first number-one single in the United Kingdom and Australia. It reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States, and topped both the Modern Rock Tracks and Mainstream Rock Tracks charts, making it the first song to reach number one on both charts simultaneously. It reached number two on the Dutch Top 40. At the 31st Annual Grammy Awards, "Desire" won the 1988 Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.

"Until the End of the World" is a song by rock band U2 and the fourth track from their 1991 album Achtung Baby. The song began as a guitar riff composed by lead vocalist Bono from a demo, which the band revisited with success after talking with German filmmaker Wim Wenders about providing music for his film Until the End of the World. The song's lyrics describe a fictional conversation between Jesus Christ and Judas Iscariot. The first verse discusses the Last Supper; the second is about Judas identifying Jesus with a kiss on the cheek in the Garden of Gethsemane; and the final is about Judas' suicide after being overwhelmed with guilt and sadness.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sledgehammer (Peter Gabriel song)</span> 1986 single by Peter Gabriel

"Sledgehammer" is a song by the English rock musician Peter Gabriel. It was released in April 1986 as the lead single from his fifth studio album, So (1986). It was produced by Gabriel and Daniel Lanois. It reached No. 1 in Canada on 21 July 1986, where it spent four weeks; No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States on 26 July 1986; and No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart, thanks in part to its music video. It was his biggest hit in North America and ties with "Games Without Frontiers" as his biggest hit in the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Gabriel discography</span>

This is the solo discography of Peter Gabriel, an English singer-songwriter, musician and humanitarian activist who rose to fame as the lead vocalist and flautist of the progressive rock band Genesis. After leaving Genesis, Gabriel went on to a successful solo career. His 1986 album, So, is his most commercially successful, selling five million copies in America, and the album's biggest hit, "Sledgehammer", won a record nine MTV Awards at the 1987 MTV Video Music Awards. The song is the most played music video in the history of the station.

Samuel J. Llanas is an American singer, acoustic guitarist, and songwriter in several rock and roots rock bands active from the 1980s to the 2000s, including BoDeans and Absinthe.

<i>Home</i> (BoDeans album) 1989 studio album by BoDeans

Home is the BoDeans' third studio album, and was released in 1989. It peaked at number 94 on the Billboard 200 chart.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Somewhere Down the Crazy River</span> 1987 single by Robbie Robertson

"Somewhere Down the Crazy River" is a 1987 song by Robbie Robertson, initially released on Robertson's debut solo album Robbie Robertson, with Sam Llanas on backing vocals.

References

  1. ↑ The album notes give Ashcombe House, London, as a recording venue: this should read Ashcombe House, Bath, Peter Gabriel's home and recording studio at the time the album was recorded.
  2. ↑ Sutherland, Sam (March 26, 1983). "Robbie Robertson Active Again: Pursues Songwriting, Recording, Film, Cable Projects". Billboard. Vol. 95, no. 13. Nielsen Business Media. pp. 41, 44. ISSN   0006-2510 . Retrieved June 30, 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 Goldberg, Michael (November 19, 1987). "The Second Coming of Robbie Robertson". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gilmore, Mikal with Robbie Robertson (1987). Robbie Robertson: A Special Conversation For College Radio (Pre-recorded radio interview on Compact Disc). Geffen Records. PRO-CD-2877.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Flanagan, Bill (September 1987). "The Return of Robbie Robertson". Musician. New York: Billboard Publications Inc. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 Robertson, Robbie (1987). Robbie Robertson (CD). Los Angeles: Geffen Records.
  7. 1 2 O'Hare, Colm (November 21, 2007). "The Secret History of 'The Joshua Tree' (Part 1)". @U2. Matt McGee. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  8. ↑ Hoskyns, Barney (1993). Across The Great Divide: The Band and America (first paperback ed.). New York: Hyperion. p.  384. ISBN   0786880279.
  9. ↑ O'Hagan, Sean (November 14, 1987). "Sly Robbie". New Musical Express . p. 35.
  10. ↑ "Robbie Robertson: Buyer's Guide". Uncut . November 2023. p. 90.
  11. ↑ "Albums Released This Week (October 26 – November 1)" (October 26, 2015). Dr. Rock's Blog & Roll. Strategic Planning Advisors LLC. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  12. ↑ Whitburn, Joel (1995). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Albums (Third ed.). New York: Billboard Books (Watson-Guptill Publications). p.  216. ISBN   0823076318.
  13. ↑ "Artists: Robbie Robertson. Chart History (Mainstream Rock Songs)". Billboard.com. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  14. ↑ Wright-McLeod, Brian (2005). The Encyclopedia of Native Music. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. p. 168. ISBN   0816524475 . Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  15. ↑ Fried, Stephen (October 1991). "Rocker of Ages". GQ. New York: Condé Nast. pp. 133–6.
  16. ↑ "The 1987 Pazz & Jop Critics Poll". robertchristgau.com. The Village Voice. March 1, 1988. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  17. ↑ Dupler, Steven; et al. (December 26, 1987). "The Critics' Choice". Billboard. Vol. 99, no. 52. Nielsen Business Media. pp. Y17–Y53. ISSN   0006-2510 . Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  18. ↑ Simels, Steve (February 1988). "Best Recordings of the Month: Robbie Robertson's Comeback". Stereo Review. New York: CBS Magazines. p. 180.
  19. ↑ "77 – Robbie Robertson, 'Robbie Robertson'". Rollingstone.com. Wenner Media LLC. November 16, 1989. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  20. ↑ Marcus, Greil (October 1991). "Top Ten". Artforum. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  21. ↑ "Christgau's Consumer Guide". robertchristgau.com. The Village Voice. December 29, 1987. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  22. 1 2 Hoskyns, Barney (1993). Across the Great Divide: The Band and America. New York City: Hyperion. p. 391. ISBN   0670841447 . Retrieved August 15, 2021.
  23. ↑ "RPM Top 40 CanCon Singles - August 27, 1988" (PDF).
  24. ↑ "Rod Stewart: Vagabond Heart". Allmusic.com. All Media Network, LLC. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
  25. ↑ "New Releases: Singles". Music Week . August 24, 1991. p. 19.
  26. ↑ "Rod Stewart Chart History (Billboard Hot 100)". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
  27. ↑ "RPM 100 Hit Tracks". RPM . December 14, 1991. Retrieved August 12, 2022– via Library and Archives Canada.
  28. ↑ "Broken Arrow". The Grateful Dead Family Discography. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
  29. ↑ Allan, Alex. "Broken Arrow". Grateful Dead Lyric And Song Finder. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
  30. ↑ Tong, Allan (September 2007). "Daniel Lanois Web Exclusive Interview". Exclaim.ca. Archived from the original on May 16, 2010. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
  31. ↑ "RPM Top 100 Singles - February 20, 1988" (PDF).
  32. ↑ "RPM Top 10 CanCon - February 20, 1988" (PDF).
  33. ↑ "Top RPM Albums: Issue 0917". RPM . Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  34. ↑ "Dutchcharts.nl – Robbie Robertson – Robbie Robertson" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
  35. ↑ "Officialcharts.de – Robbie Robertson – Robbie Robertson". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
  36. ↑ "Charts.nz – Robbie Robertson – Robbie Robertson". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
  37. ↑ "Norwegiancharts.com – Robbie Robertson – Robbie Robertson". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
  38. ↑ "Swedishcharts.com – Robbie Robertson – Robbie Robertson". Hung Medien. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
  39. 1 2 "UK Top 40 Hit Database" . Retrieved May 21, 2008.
  40. ↑ "allmusic (((Robbie Robertson > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums)))" . Retrieved May 21, 2008.
  41. ↑ JAAROVERZICHTEN – CD 1988 (in Dutch). dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
  42. 1 2 3 4 "allmusic (((Robbie Robertson > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles)))" . Retrieved May 21, 2008.
  43. ↑ "Canadian album certifications – Robbie Robertson – Robbie Robertson". Music Canada . Retrieved February 4, 2020.
  44. ↑ Daniel Lesueur, Dominic Durand. "Les Meilleures Ventes de CD / Albums "Tout Temps"" (in French). Institut français d'opinion publique . Retrieved February 4, 2020.
  45. ↑ "NZ Top 40 Albums Chart − The Official New Zealand Music Chart". Recorded Music NZ. July 31, 1988. Retrieved February 4, 2020.
  46. ↑ "British album certifications – Robbie Robertson – Robbie Robertson". British Phonographic Industry . Retrieved February 4, 2020.Select albums in the Format field. Select Gold in the Certification field. Type Robbie Robertson in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
  47. ↑ "American album certifications – Robbie Robertson – Robbie Robertson". Recording Industry Association of America . Retrieved February 4, 2020.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.