Roraiman antwren

Last updated

Roraiman antwren
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Thamnophilidae
Genus: Herpsilochmus
Species:
H. roraimae
Binomial name
Herpsilochmus roraimae
Hellmayr, 1903
Herpsilochmus roraimae map.svg

The Roraiman antwren (Herpsilochmus roraimae) is an insectivorous bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela. [2]

Contents

Taxonomy and systematics

The Roraiman antwren was first described by the Austrian ornithologist Carl Hellmayr in 1903 with the type locality in Guyana on Mount Roraima. [3] Its relationship to others of its genus is unclear but it apparently is most closely related to the spot-backed antwren (H. dorsimaculatus). [4]

The Roraiman antwren has two subspecies, the nominate H. r. roraimae (Hellmayr, 1903) and H. r. kathleenae (Phelps Jr & Dickerman, 1980). [2]

Description

The Roraiman antwren is 12 to 13 cm (4.7 to 5.1 in) long and has the longest tail within genus Herpsilochmus. Adult males of the nominate subspecies have a black crown and nape, a long pale gray to white supercilium, a black streak through the eye, and grayish ear coverts. Their back and rump are dark gray with white edges on many back feathers and blackish patches. They have white-edged black scapulars and a white patch between them. Their wings are black with white-tipped coverts and flight feathers with white edges towards the end. Their tail is black with white feather tips, white spots on the central feathers, and white edges on the outer feathers. Their throat and underparts are mostly gray with a white belly center. Adult females have white spots on their crown, a buff tinge to the sides of their neck, light buff breast and sides, and smaller tail spots than males. They are otherwise like males. Males of subspecies H. r. kathleenae are like the nominate. Females have grayer upperparts and pale gray (not light buff) breast and sides. [4] [5]

Distribution and habitat

The Roraiman antwren is a bird of the tepui region where southern Venezuela, western Guyana, and northwestern Brazil meet. The nominate subspecies is found in Venezuela's Bolívar state, extreme northern Roraima in Brazil, and west-central Guyana. Subspecies H. r. kathleenae is found in Venezuela's Bolívar and Amazonas states and extreme northern Amazonas state in Brazil. The species inhabits the subcanopy and canopy of wet evergreen forest, at lower elevations in taller trees on rich soil. It also occurs in more stunted forest towards the tops of tepuis and the ecotone between the stunted forest and the brushy savanna above it. In elevation it ranges between 700 and 2,000 m (2,300 and 6,600 ft). [4] [5]

Behavior

Movement

The Roraiman antwren is thought to be a year-round resident throughout its range. [4]

Feeding

The Roraiman antwren's diet has not been detailed but includes insects and probably spiders. It forages singly, in pairs, and in family groups, and often as a member of a mixed-species feeding flock. It typically feeds up 30 m (100 ft) above the ground in tall forest but as low as 3 m (10 ft) in stunted forest. It forages mostly at the ends of leafy branches and in the crown of trees. It forages actively and methodically, and usually captures prey by gleaning from leaves, stems, and vines by reaching and sometimes lunging from a perch. It sometimes makes short salllies to hover-glean. It is not known to follow army ants. [4]

Breeding

Nothing is known about the Roraima antwren's breeding biology. [4]

Vocalization

The Roraiman antwren's song is a "very high, loud, fast, chipping series of about 12 notes, the last 3-4 descending and decelerating". [5] Its calls include "very abrupt 'chup' notes" that are given singly or rapidly repeated a few times and a "slightly longer, downslurred 'tewp' " that also can be given in a rapid series. [4]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the Roraiman antwren as being of Least Concern. It has a large range and an unknown population size that is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. [1] It is considered locally fairly common across its range, which includes some large protected areas. It is believed to be "highly sensitive to human disturbance" but the amount of intact habitat "is vast, and current level of threat from human disturbance is low". [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern white-fringed antwren</span> Species of bird

The southern white-fringed antwren is an insectivorous bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plain antvireo</span> Species of bird

The plain antvireo is a passerine bird species in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Mexico, every Central American country except El Salvador, on both Trinidad and Tobago, and in every mainland South American country except Chile, French Guiana, Suriname, and Uruguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ash-throated antwren</span> Species of bird

The ash-throated antwren is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tepui foliage-gleaner</span> Species of bird

The tepui foliage-gleaner, also known as the white-throated foliage-gleaner, is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banded antbird</span> Species of bird

The banded antbird – sometimes called banded antwren despite not being close to the true antwrens – is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Serra antwren</span> Species of bird

The serra antwren is a species of small insectivorous bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to southeastern Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-capped antwren</span> Species of bird

The black-capped antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.

<i>Herpsilochmus</i> Genus of birds

Herpsilochmus is a genus of insectivorous passerine birds in the antbird family (Thamnophilidae). They are found in forest, woodland and shrub in South America, although a single species the rufous-winged antwren also occurs in Panama. All are relatively small antbirds that are sexually dichromatic. In most species males are essentially light grey with a black crown and black-and-white wings, while females are more buff or rufous with black-and-white crown.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-breasted antwren</span> Species of bird

The yellow-breasted antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spot-backed antwren</span> Species of bird

The spot-backed antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Creamy-bellied antwren</span> Species of bird

The creamy-bellied antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pectoral antwren</span> Species of bird

The pectoral antwren is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is endemic to Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Todd's antwren</span> Species of bird

Todd's antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spot-tailed antwren</span> Species of bird

The spot-tailed antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-throated antwren</span> Species of bird

The yellow-throated antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plain-winged antwren</span> Species of bird

The plain-winged antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Venezuela, and possibly Suriname.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Long-winged antwren</span> Species of bird

The long-winged antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey antwren</span> Species of bird

The grey antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roraiman barbtail</span> Species of bird

The Roraiman barbtail is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rusty-winged antwren</span> Species of bird

The rusty-winged antwren is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International (2016). "Roraiman Antwren Herpsilochmus roraimae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22701574A93837192. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22701574A93837192.en . Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  2. 1 2 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2024). "Antbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 14.1. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  3. Hellmayr, Carl (1903). "Herpsilochmus roraimae nov. spec". Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien (in German). LIII: 208–209. Retrieved March 2, 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Zimmer, K. and M.L. Isler (2020). Roraiman Antwren (Herpsilochmus roraimae), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rorant1.01 retrieved March 2, 2024
  5. 1 2 3 van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 246–247. ISBN   978-0-19-530155-7.