Sandy Gall | |
---|---|
Born | Henderson Alexander Gall 1 October 1927 |
Alma mater | University of Aberdeen |
Occupation(s) | Journalist, author, news presenter |
Years active | 1953–present |
Employer(s) | ITN (1963–1992) LBC (2003–present) |
Spouse | Eleanor Smyth (m. 1958;died 2018) |
Children | 4; Carlotta |
Henderson Alexander Gall, CMG , CBE (born 1 October 1927) is a Scottish journalist, author, and former Independent Television News (ITN) news presenter whose career as a journalist has spanned more than 50 years. He began his career in journalism as a sub-editor at the Aberdeen Press and Journal in 1952 and became a foreign correspondent for the Reuters international news agency from 1953 to 1963. Gall joined ITN as a foreign reporter and troubleshooter in 1963, and also worked as a newscaster on News at Ten between 1970 and 1991. He was the Rector of the University of Aberdeen from 1978 to 1981 and founded the Sandy Gall's Afghanistan Appeal charity with his wife in 1986.
Gall was born as the only child of Scottish parents on 1 October 1927, [1] [2] on a rubber plantation in Penang, Straits Settlements (present-day Malaysia), where his father Henderson was a rubber planter. [2] [3] [4] His mother, Jean ( née Begg), was a homemaker. [4] When he was four years old, he moved to Scotland and lived with relatives. [5] Gall was educated at Trinity College, Glenalmond, an independent boys' school in Perthshire, where he boarded. [6] [7] He did his national service working as a physical training instructor in the Royal Air Force in Berlin for two and a half years. [5] [7] [8] Gall graduated from the University of Aberdeen in 1952 with a Master of Arts degree in French and German. [4] [8]
In 1952, he began his journalistic career as a trainee sub-editor at the Aberdeen Press and Journal. [5] [9] [10] Gall applied to work as a trainee foreign correspondent for the Reuters international news agency and this was accepted in May 1953. [5] [7] [11] He remained at the agency until 1963. [4] Gall covered events in the Congo, East Africa, Germany, Hungary and South Africa. [12] In September 1960, he, the BBC's Richard Williams and the Daily Express 's George Gale were arrested in Bakwanga in the breakaway province of Kasai whilst reporting on the Congo Crisis as a Belgian spy and for not having official Congolese documentation. [7] [13] [14] The three journalists were ordered released into the custody of Tunisian soldiers. [14]
Gall joined Independent Television News (ITN) in 1963 as a foreign reporter and troubleshooter, [8] working in Afghanistan, Africa, China, the Far East, the Middle East and Vietnam. [12] and began working as a newsreader on the News at Ten in 1970. [12] In 1972, he was arrested in Uganda on the orders of dictator Idi Amin. [8] [15] Gall was the presenter of the Thames Television programme A Place in Europe from 1975 to 1977. [16] [17] and of the programme Freeze in 1975, examining the aspects of freezers and the foods to store in them. [18] In January 1976, he and a camera operator were briefly detained by the police in Madrid after filming outside a strike-affected Chrysler car factory. [19] Gall narrated the ITV documentary Journey's End on the Vietnamese boat people who had settled at the Thorney Island camp near Portsmouth in 1980. [20]
He reported on the 1980 United States presidential election from the American Embassy in London, [21] and the Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer from Knightsbridge Barracks in July 1981. [22] In November 1982, he presented the one-hour documentary Afghanistan: Behind Enemy Lines that took two months to produce as he and a film crew covered the inside the Soviet Union-occupied Afghanistan. [23] [24] Gall was the subject of This is Your Life on 30 March 1983. [25] The following year, he was a contestant on the Channel 4 travel-based quiz programme Where in the World . [26] [27] Gall reported on the Soviet–Afghan War in the documentary Allah Against the Gunships that was broadcast that October. [28] [29]
He was a team captain on the quiz show Television Scrabble in 1985. [30] In the year after, Gall narrated an ITN programme on Sarah, Duchess of York entitled A Royal Romance, [31] and spent three months filming the documentary Afghanistan; Agony of a Nation that was broadcast in November 1986 because he believed the Soviet-Afghan war was not being reported on correctly. [32] In 1988, he participated in BBC2's International Pro-Celebrity Golf competition, [33] and in the following year, presented the 1989 ITV documentary George Adamson: Lord of the Lions in which he interviewed the conservationist George Adamson. [34]
Gall made his final appearance as a newsreader on News at Ten on 4 January 1991; [35] he returned to a special reporting role in the same month, covering Afghanistan, Africa, the Middle East and Pakistan. [36] He made the decision to retire from ITN in late 1992. [4] [37] He has continued working in a freelance capacity in television and writing since 1993. [1] In 1995, Gall wrote and presented the ITV documentary Network First: The Man Who Saved the Animals that profiled the conservationist Richard Leakey. [38] That same year, he signed up to present the BBC Radio 4 travel programme Breakaway, [15] and the following year, he presented the BBC2 programme The Empty Quarter in which he toured the world's largest sand desert, the Rub' al Khali. [39] [40]
In late 2002, Gall was signed by Channel 5 to present a week of special four-minute reports from Afghanistan on attempts to restore the Buddhas of Bamiyan that were destroyed by the Taliban. [41] He presented a documentary examining the history of Afghanistan from Alexander the Great to the Taliban in the 2004 History Channel documentary Afghanistan: War Without End. [42] [43] Gall was the rector of the University of Aberdeen from 1978 to 1981, [4] and in 1986, he and his wife founded Sandy Gall's Afghanistan Appeal charity to assist in the training of Afghan officials in the provision of artificial limbs and physiotherapy treatment to children and other Afghan civil war victims. [44] [45] He became the World Affairs Expert on the London-based LBC radio station in January 2003. [46]
He met the Foreign Office employee Eleanor Smyth in Budapest in 1956 while he was reporting on the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. [4] [47] They were married from 29 August 1958 to her death on 9 September 2018. [4] [48] They had four children, [4] [12] one of whom, Carlotta, is also a journalist. [49] They separated after he had a two-year affair with a younger woman but they later reconciled. [50] In June 1972, Gall was injured in a car accident in Bromley, Kent and suffered facial cuts because he fell asleep while driving. [51] [52] He was fined £25 plus £1 costs. [52]
In 1981, he was made an honorary Doctor of Law by the University of Aberdeen. [4] Gall was awarded the Sitara-e-Pakistan in 1985 and the Lawrence of Arabia Memorial Medal in 1986. [53] He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1987. [54] He was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 2011 New Year Honours for services to the people of Afghanistan. [55]
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east. Occupying 652,864 square kilometers (252,072 sq mi) of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains in the north and the southwest, which are separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range. Kabul is the country's capital and largest city. Afghanistan's population is about 35 million.
Mohammad Zahir Shah was the last King of Afghanistan, reigning from 8 November 1933 until he was deposed on 17 July 1973. Ruling for 40 years, Zahir Shah was the longest-serving ruler of Afghanistan since the foundation of the Durrani Empire in the 18th century.
Mullah Muhammad Omar was an Afghan militant leader and cleric who founded the Taliban in 1994. During the Third Afghan Civil War, the Taliban fought the Northern Alliance and took control of most of the country, establishing the First Islamic Emirate for which Omar began to serve as Supreme Leader in 1996. Shortly after al-Qaeda carried out the September 11 attacks, the Taliban government was toppled by an American invasion of Afghanistan, prompting Omar to go into hiding. He successfully evaded capture by the American-led coalition before dying in 2013 from tuberculosis.
Sir Trevor Lawson McDonald is a Trinidadian-British newsreader and journalist, best known for his career as a news presenter with Independent Television News (ITN).
The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, also referred to as the First Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, was a totalitarian Islamic state led by the Taliban that ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001. At its peak, the Taliban government controlled approximately 90% of the country, while remaining regions in the northeast were held by the Northern Alliance, which maintained broad international recognition as a continuation of the Islamic State of Afghanistan.
Sir James William Alexander Burnet, known as Alastair Burnet, was a British journalist and broadcaster, who had a career working in news and current affairs programmes, including a long career with Independent Television News (ITN) as chief presenter of the flagship News at Ten; Sir Robin Day described Burnet as "the booster rocket that put ITN into orbit".
Reginald Tindal Kennedy Bosanquet was a British journalist and broadcaster who was an anchor of the half-hour News at Ten bulletin for Independent Television News (ITN) from July 1967 to November 1979. He began working for ITN as a sub-editor in 1955 and was made a reporter two years later. Bosanquet served as ITN's diplomatic correspondent before joining the News at Ten team.
Sir Martyn John Dudley Lewis is a Welsh television news presenter and broadcast journalist who anchored ITN news bulletins between 1978 and 1986 and BBC News television shows from 1986 to 1999. Lewis attended Dalriada School and Trinity College, Dublin, before working as a freelance correspondent for BBC Northern Ireland and Harlech Television (HTV). He joined ITN in 1970 and headed its Northern Bureau from 1971 to 1978. Between 1978 and 1986, Lewis was an anchor for ITN's News at 5.45 and half-hour News at Ten bulletins, writing stories for the "And finally..." segment that features positive stories at the end of each News at Ten programme.
Julia Mary Fownes Somerville is an English television news reader and reporter who has worked for the BBC and Independent Television News (ITN). She began her journalistic career with magazine publisher IPC and edited a computer group house magazine ITT Creed. Somerville joined the BBC as a radio news sub-editor in 1972 and became Labour Affairs correspondent for BBC Radio 4 in 1981 before co-presenting the BBC Nine O'Clock News bulletin from 1984 to 1987.
John Aleck Suchet is an English author, television news journalist and presenter of classical music on Classic FM. His journalistic career began when he worked as a graduate trainee at the Reuters news agency in 1967 and later joined BBC News as a sub-editor for the Nine O'Clock News from 1970 to 1971. Suchet worked at Independent Television News (ITN) as a scriptwriter/sub-editor from 1972 and was a newsreader and reporter until his retirement from ITN in 2004.
Jalaluddin Haqqani was an Afghan insurgent commander who founded the Haqqani network, an insurgent group who fought in guerilla warfare against US-led NATO forces and the former Islamic Republic of Afghanistan government that they supported.
Dadullah was the Taliban's most senior militant commander in Afghanistan until his death in 2007. He was also known as Maulavi or Mullah Dadullah Akhund. He also earned the nickname of Lang, meaning "lame", because of a leg he lost during fighting.
Robert Neill Dougall was an English broadcaster and ornithologist, mainly known as a newsreader and announcer. He started his career in the BBC's accounts department before moving on to become a radio announcer for the BBC Empire Service in 1934. Dougall covered the first three years of the Second World War for the corporation, before resigning in 1942 to join the Royal Naval Volunteer Service.
Leonard Parkin was an English television journalist and newsreader for the BBC and ITN. He began his career as a reporter for local newspapers in Yorkshire before moving to London to work for BBC Radio Newsreel and TV News. Parkin became the BBC's Canadian correspondent in 1960, and three years later was promoted to Washington correspondent. In 1965, he was a reporter on the BBC's current affairs programme Panorama, leaving in 1966 when he was injured in a car accident.
The Kunduz airlift, also called the Airlift of Evil, refers to the evacuation by Pakistan of hundreds of top commanders and members of the Taliban and al-Qaeda as well as their Pakistani advisors from the city of Kunduz, Afghanistan, in November 2001. The incident reportedly occurred just before the Siege of Kunduz, which saw the city fall into the hands of the Northern Alliance and the United States during the opening phase of the War in Afghanistan. From Kunduz, the militants were taken to Chitral in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit in the Northern Areas. However, both the United States and Pakistan have denied that the airlift ever took place; Richard Myers, the then-chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said that the Kunduz Airport had been disabled by American bombing raids; Donald Rumsfeld, the then-Secretary of Defense, stated on 2 December 2001 that "neither Pakistan nor any other country flew any planes into Afghanistan to evacuate anybody".
Dennys Jack Valentine McDonald-Hobley was a British actor of stage and screen, radio and television broadcaster and compère, who was one of the earliest BBC Television continuity announcers, appearing on screen from 1946 to 1956. Born in Stanley in the Falkland Islands and educated at Brighton College, England, he decided to become an actor and began his career as a character actor in repertory theatre. The Second World War saw Hobley serve as a gunner in the Royal Artillery and become a captain in the South East Asia Command. He was seconded by Lord Mountbatten to the British Forces Broadcasting Service in Ceylon.
George Norman Ffitch was an English newsreader, television presenter, radio personality and journalist. He began working for ITN as an industrial and political correspondent and later a programme editor when it was founded in 1955, covering elections and results broadcasts, political conventions in the United States and party conferences in the United Kingdom. Ffitch presented television programs such as This Week and News at Ten. He also worked as the political and assistant editor at The Economist and also at the Daily Express. He was managing director of LBC and Independent Radio News from 1979 to his retirement in 1985.
Brigadier Edward Adam Butler CBE, DSO is a former British Army officer who commanded Task Force Helmand.
Diana Elizabeth Edwards-Jones was a Welsh television director. She joined the news production company Independent Television News (ITN) as a stage manager in 1955 and was promoted to the role of programme director in 1961 and later head of programme directors in the 1970s. Edwards-Jones was a director of the daily half-hour News at Ten bulletin when it was launched in 1967. She directed other programmes such as royal documentaries, general elections in the United Kingdom and the Budget of the United Kingdom. Edwards-Jones introduced the earpiece for newsreaders to permit direct communication between the control room and newscasters and the practice of interspersing a short headline with the hour chimes of Big Ben during News at Ten's title sequence.