Sarcodum | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fabales |
Family: | Fabaceae |
Subfamily: | Faboideae |
Tribe: | Wisterieae |
Genus: | Sarcodum Lour. [1] |
Type species | |
Sarcodum scandens Lour. [2] | |
Species | |
Sarcodum is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, tribe Wisterieae. [2] Its three species are twining vines growing over shrubs, and are native from southeast mainland China to the Solomon Islands. [1]
Sarcodum species are twining vines that scramble over shrubs, growing up to 5–10 m (16–33 ft) high. The mature stems are reddish brown. The leaves have 8–44 leaflets arranged in pairs, plus a terminal leaflet. Individual leaflets may be up to 4.5 cm (1.8 in) long by 2.5 cm (1.0 in) wide. The inflorescences are composed of erect leafy axillary and terminal racemes 3–12 cm (1.2–4.7 in) long. Each flower is 6–19 mm (0.2–0.7 in) long, and has the typical shape of a member of the family Fabaceae. The pink or pinkish lilac standard petal is 10–13 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long by 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide with a broad, dark yellow nectar guide. The wing petals are 8–13 mm (0.3–0.5 in) long by 3 mm (0.1 in) across, either much or slightly shorter than the keel petals, and with short basal claws. The keel petals are 13 mm (0.5 in) long by 4 mm (0.2 in) wide. Nine of the stamens are fused together, the tenth is free; all curve upwards at the apex. The seed pods are up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long, initially green, then black and hard when ripe, splitting to release the 4–10 seeds. [2]
The genus Sarcodum was established by João de Loureiro in 1790. [3] The genus name is derived from the Greek σαρκώδης (sarkōdēs) 'fleshy', referring to the seed pod. [4] A 2019 molecular phylogenetic confirmed the monophyly of the genus, placing it in the tribe Wisterieae. Sarcodum is most closely related to Endosamara and Sigmoidala but has smaller leaflets – mostly less than 2.5 cm (1 in) wide as opposed to mostly 2.5–7 cm (1.0–2.8 in) wide in the other two genera. Its inflorescences are leafy racemes rather than larger erect panicles. [2]
As of January 2023 [update] , Plants of the World Online accepted three genera: [1]
The three species of Sarcodum are native to southeast mainland China and Hainan, Vietnam and Laos, and south to Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, the Maluku Islands, the Philippines, Sulawesi and the Solomon Islands. [1] The species grow in low thickets from sea level to 300 m (1,000 ft). [2]
Afgekia is a small genus of large perennial climbing shrubs native to Thailand in Asia, belonging to the family Fabaceae. They are reminiscent of the related genus Wisteria.
Lathyrus japonicus, the sea pea, beach pea, circumpolar pea or sea vetchling, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae, native to temperate coastal areas of the Northern Hemisphere, and Argentina.
Guilandina bonduc, commonly known as grey nicker, nicker bean, fever nut or knicker nut, is a species of flowering plant in the senna tribe, Caesalpinieae, that has a pantropical distribution. It is a liana that reaches a length of 6 m (20 ft) or more and scrambles over other vegetation. The stems are covered in curved spines. Its 2 cm (0.8 in) grey seeds, known as nickernuts, are buoyant and durable enough to be dispersed by ocean currents.
Barbieria is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It contains a single species, Barbieria pinnata, a climber native to the tropical Americas, from southern Mexico through Central America and the Caribbean to northern South America.
Callerya is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, tribe Wisterieae. It includes 12 species native to the eastern Himalayas, Indochina, southern China and Taiwan, and Peninsular Malaysia. Its species are climbers, generally reaching up to about 1 m (3 ft) tall. The genus has a somewhat complicated taxonomic history; its circumscription was substantially revised in 2019.
Endosamara is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, tribe Wisterieae. Its only species is Endosamara racemosa, a liana found from South India through Indo-China to the Philippines.
Austrocallerya megasperma, one of several species commonly known as native wisteria, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a woody climber with pinnate leaves and racemes of purple, pea-like flowers.
Padbruggea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. Its native range stretches from southern China to western Malesia.
Whitfordiodendron is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, of Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae.
Otholobium dreweae is an upright shrublet assigned to the Pea family of about 15 cm (5.9 in) high, that appears after the vegetation burned down from the underground rootstock and forms mat-like clumps of hardly branching, leafy stems. The stems are set with stiff, entire, alternate leaves with a single leaflet and heads consisting of 12-18 initially dark pink, later white, pea-like flowers with a white nectar guide on a peduncle as long as the leaves at the end of the stem. This species is an endemic of the Kleinrivier Mountains in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It mostly flowers in November.
Otholobium accrescens is an upright, largely herbaceous subshrub assigned to the Pea family. It has up to three stems that carry upright branches in leaf axils near the ground, and have alternately set inverted egg-shaped leaves and lax heads consisting of 12-21 pea-like flowers on long peduncles in the axils of the lower leaves. It differs from most other Otholobium species by the calyx that continues to grow after flowering and the leaf that consists of just one leaflet. It is an endemic of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa near Loerie. It probably flowers August to January.
Wisteriopsis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Fabaceae. Its native range is China to Indo-China and Temperate Eastern Asia. Wisteriopsis species are twining woody vines, generally resembling species of Wisteria. The genus was established in 2019 as a result of a molecular phylogenetic study, and includes species formerly placed in Millettia or Callerya.
Austrocallerya is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the subfamily Faboideae in the family Fabaceae. They are robust, twining woody vines.
Nanhaia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Fabaceae. Its native range is Southern China to Northern Vietnam.
Gompholobium oreophilum is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the north-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with pinnate leaves with elliptic leaflets, and racemes of yellow to orange and creamy-yellow, pea-like flowers.
Sigmoidala is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, first established in 2019. Its only species is Sigmoidala kityana, native to Myanmar, northern Thailand and Laos. It was first described by William Grant Craib in 1927 as Millettia kityana.
Kanburia is a genus of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to Thailand. The genus was established in 2019. Kanburia species are twining woody vines.
Serawaia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, first established in 2019. Its only species is Serawaia strobilifera, endemic to Borneo. The species was first described in 1994 as Callerya strobilifera.
Austrocallerya pilipes, synonym Callerya pilipes, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, endemic to Queensland, Australia. It is a robust twining vine, climbing up trees and shrubs. It is known as the northern wistaria.
Swainsona acuticarinata is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to arid areas of central Australia. It is a prostrate perennial herb with imparipinnate leaves with 5 to 11 leaflets, and racemes of purple flowers.