Saribus chocolatinus

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Saribus chocolatinus
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Tribe: Trachycarpeae
Genus: Saribus
Species:
S. chocolatinus
Binomial name
Saribus chocolatinus
(Dowe) C.D.Bacon & W.J.Baker [1]
Synonyms [2]
  • Livistona chocolatinaDowe

Saribus chocolatinus is a species of palm tree in the genus Saribus , which is native to Papua New Guinea. [2] It is a fan palm. [3]

Contents

It is known as manganau in the Kamiali (Lababia) dialect of the Kala language. [3]

Taxonomy

Saribus chocolatinus was only relatively recently described as a new species. This was done by John Leslie Dowe in his 2004 treatment of the taxon. At the time the genus Saribus , which had officially been described in the 19th century (it had been created in the 17th century by Rumphius), was not recognised, and the species was described as Livistona chocolatina. [4] [5] Soon, however, new phylogenetic research was published, comparing the DNA of different species of Livistona , which found that the genus was polyphyletic. Thus the authors, Christine Bacon and William J. Baker, resurrected, i.e. re-recognised, Saribus, and the species was moved to the genus by them in 2011. [1] [5]

The species had been collected thrice before it had been formally named. The British forester Charles Lane Poole had collected the palm in 1922, during his three years survey of the timber resources of Papua New Guinea, then an Australian territory, in the hills inland from the Vailala River in Gulf Province, and had listed it as 'Livistona sp. No. 332' in 1925. It was collected again in 1998 by the palm specialist Michael D. Ferrero at the type locality, near the Kuriva Mission in central Central Province, whose specimens were all sent to be stored in the Papua New Guinea National Herbarium. [3] The holotype was then collected in 2000 by Anders S. Barford, accompanied by Roy Banka, John L. Dowe and Anders Kjær, at the same approximate location Ferrero had found the population previously. The collection number is #466. The holotype is housed at the herbarium of the Aarhus University in Denmark. [4] [6] Isotypes were sent to the herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, [6] the Queensland Herbarium, the Australian National Herbarium and the Papua New Guinea National Herbarium. [4]

Description

It is a hermaphrodite palm with a solitary trunk up to 22 metres in height, with a trunk diameter at breast height of 16 to 18cm. [3] [6] The trunk does not swell at the base, where the roots are. [7] The outer layer of the trunk is very hard. The leaf or petiole scars are inconspicuous, [6] and slightly raised, [3] only the upper part of the trunk shows irregular longitudinal furrows. [6] The internodes between the leaf scars are narrow. The trunk is light grey, and the old dead petiole stubs not retained on it. [3] This is a palm without a crownshaft. [7] There are 30 to 40 leaves in the globe-shaped crown. [3] [6]

The leaves are fan-shaped and plicate. The segments are connected to each other near the centre of the leaf, but this character is highly variable, although it is generally greatest with young leaves. [7] The petiole can be up to 154cm in length, and lacks armature, being spineless. [6]

The eophyll, which is the first fully-expanded leaf of a seedling palm, has five ribs. [3] Only the seedlings have spines on their leaves. [3] [6]

Similar species

Although Bacon and Baker do not provide a key to the nine species of Saribus, [5] one can be found in the key provided by Dowe in his 2009 Livistona monograph, where the eight species which were transferred to Saribus are split from the rest in the beginning of the key. S. chocolatinus keys out together with S. woodfordii, S. papuanus and S. merrillii which all have inflorescences that divide to the third order. S. papuanus and S. merrillii have yellow flowers as opposed to red. S. woodfordii can be distinguished from S. chocolatinus by having somewhat hanging ends of the leaf segments, as opposed to rigid, a deeply undulate leaf blade. S. woodfordii has half as short inflorescence brachlets (rachillae) at 4 to 6cm long. These rachillae are also half as thick at 1mm. S. chocolatinus is furthermore the only species to have its rachillae covered throughout in tomentose indumentum -this is chocolate-brown at their bases, turning cream-green near their ends, whereas S. woodfordii only has tomentum at the bases of the rachillae, and this is coloured purplish-brown. [3]

Distribution

Saribus chocolatinus occurs in Central, [3] [4] [6] Gulf [3] and Morobe Province. [3] [7] It is spatially distributed as colonies isolated from each other, [3] these colonies can be quite dense and extensive, and the palm can be locally common here. [3] [7]

Ecology

It has been collected at 165 [7] to 300 metres in altitude, [6] but in his 2009 monograph Dowe states it is found at 300 to 400 metres. [3] It grows in the forest on the slopes of foothills. [3] [7] It is a species which grows to become part of the subcanopy. [7] It has mostly been collected growing on ultrabasic soil, [7] but in 2009 Dowe states it grows in calcareous or clayey soils. It blooms in January and February, and has fruits in March to May. [3]

Conservation

The conservation status of Saribus chocolatinus has not been assessed by the IUCN. [8] In his 2009 monograph, Dowe suggests a conservation status of 'vulnerable', although he does not disclose how he came to this conclusion, nor according to which criteria he is judging the species. [3]

S. chocolatinus grows within the protected area of the Kamiali, a Wildlife Management Area in Morobe Province. It is very common in places here. [7]

Related Research Articles

<i>Livistona</i> Genus of palms

Livistona is a genus of palms, the botanical family Arecaceae, native to southeastern and eastern Asia, Australasia, and the Horn of Africa. They are fan palms, the leaves with an armed petiole terminating in a rounded, costapalmate fan of numerous leaflets.

Bactris campestris is a small spiny palm which grows in multi-stemmed clumps in savannas and low forests in northern South America from Colombia to the Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago, and northern Brazil.

<i>Saribus rotundifolius</i> Species of palm

Saribus rotundifolius, also known as the footstool palm, is a common fan palm found in Southeast Asia. It is a member of the genus Saribus.

<i>Livistona alfredii</i> Species of palm

Livistona alfredii, the millstream palm or millstream fan palm, is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only in the north-west of Western Australia where it is threatened by habitat loss.

Livistona endauensis is a species of palm tree of the genus Livistona. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It has been called Endau fan palm in English. In Malay the palm is known as bertam or serdang Endau.

<i>Livistona mariae</i> Species of palm

Livistona mariae, also known as the central Australian or red cabbage palm, is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae.

<i>Livistona tahanensis</i> Species of palm

Livistona tahanensis is a species of medium-sized palm tree of the genus Livistona, found on only one mountain top in Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. In Malay the palm is known as Tahan serdang, or as daun tau.

Saribus jeanneneyi is a very rare species of palm tree in the genus Saribus. It is endemic to southern New Caledonia, where only one mature specimen, surrounded by a few seedlings, survived in its native habitat as of 1997. The cause of its rarity in the wild is because its meristem is edible.

<i>Ptychosperma macarthurii</i> Species of palm native to northern Australia and New Guinea

Ptychosperma macarthurii, commonly known as the Macarthur palm, is a species of tree in the palm family Arecaceae. Its native range is northern Cape York Peninsula in Queensland with a number of disjunct populations in the Northern Territory and New Guinea. The species has been widely planted in tropical areas and is commonly grown as an indoor plant.

Dransfieldia is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the palm family from western New Guinea where the lone species Dransfieldia micrantha grows in dense rain forest. Discovered in 1872, 134 years passed before DNA testing revealed its proper placement. With no close relatives, it is a delicate, pinnate-leaved palm named after John Dransfield, former palm expert at the Kew Royal Botanic Gardens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coryphoideae</span> Subfamily of palms

The Coryphoideae is one of five subfamilies in the palm family, Arecaceae. It contains all of the genera with palmate leaves, excepting Mauritia, Mauritiella and Lepidocaryum, all of subfamily Calamoideae, tribe Lepidocaryeae, subtribe Mauritiinae. However, all Coryphoid palm leaves have induplicate (V-shaped) leaf folds, while Calamoid palms have reduplicate leaf folds. Pinnate leaves do occur in Coryphoideae, in Phoenix, Arenga, Wallichia and bipinnate in Caryota.

<i>Livistona saribus</i> Species of palm

Livistona saribus, also known as taraw palm in English, is a species of palm tree found in tropical Southeast Asia.

<i>Saribus</i> Genus of palms

Saribus is a genus of palms, native to Southeast Asia, Papuasia and Pacific Islands. They are fan palms, the leaves with an armed petiole terminating in a rounded, costapalmate fan of numerous leaflets.

Livistona halongensis is a species of palm first collected in Ha Long Bay, Vietnam, in 1999. The species was described by Tiên Hiêp Nguyên and Ruth Kiew in 2000. It is a fan palm.

<i>Saribus woodfordii</i> Species of palm

Saribus woodfordii is a species of fan palm which is native to an area from southeastern Papua New Guinea to the Solomon Islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trachycarpeae</span> Tribe of palms

Trachycarpeae is a tribe of palms in subfamily Coryphoideae of the plant family Arecaceae. It has the widest distribution of any tribe in Coryphoideae and is found on all continents, though the greatest concentration of species is in Southeast Asia. Trachycarpeae includes palms from both tropical and subtropical zones; the northernmost naturally-occurring palm is a member of this tribe. Several genera can be found in cultivation in temperate areas, for example species of Trachycarpus, Chamaerops, Rhapidophyllum and Washingtonia.

Butia pubispatha is a very small and extremely rare species of Butia palm with an underground trunk; endemic to the east of the state of Paraná in southeastern Brazil.

<i>Livistona jenkinsiana</i> Species of palm

Livistona jenkinsiana is a species of fan palm in the family Arecaceae.

<i>Saribus brevifolius</i> Species of palm tree

Saribus brevifolius is a species of palm tree in the genus Saribus, which has only been found in the Kawe and Gag Islands in the archipelago of the Raja Ampat Islands, which lie off the north-west tip of the Bird's Head Peninsula in Indonesia's West Papua province. It was only discovered in 2002 during an expedition funded by The Nature Conservancy. The palm grows along the coasts of these two tropical islands on small ridges composed of ultrabasic rock. It is a moderately-sized fan palm with smallish and regularly segmented leaves and a smallish inflorescence in the crown. The inflorescence is not longer than the leaves, and split at its base into three main branches with one or more sub-inflorescences, these containing red flowers with pink anthers. The ends of S. brevifolius leaf segments are rigid and have a bifurcate cleft 1-4% of the segment length.

Livistoninae is a subtribe of plants in the family Arecaceae. Species in the subtribe are found throughout Indomalaya and Australasia. Genera in the subtribe are:

References

  1. 1 2 "Saribus chocolatinus". International Plant Names Index . The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  2. 1 2 "Saribus chocolatinus (Dowe) C.D.Bacon & W.J.Baker". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Dowe, John Leslie (2009). "A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae)" (PDF). Gardens' Bulletin Singapore. 60: 228–230. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Livistona chocolatina". International Plant Names Index . The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 Bacon, Christine D.; Baker, William J. (14 September 2011). "Saribus resurrected". Palms . 55 (3): 109–116. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Specimen Details K000114303". Kew Herbarium Catalogue. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Specimen Details K000526354". Kew Herbarium Catalogue. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  8. ↑ "Saribus chocolatinus (Dowe) Bacon & W.J.Baker". Global Biodiversity Information Facility . GBIF Secretariat. 2019. doi:10.15468/39omei . Retrieved 13 October 2020.
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