Trachycarpeae

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Trachycarpeae
Joey Palm.JPG
Johannesteijsmannia altifrons
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Coryphoideae
Tribe: Trachycarpeae
Satake
Type genus
Trachycarpus
Genera

Acoelorraphe H.Wendl.
Brahea Mart. ex Endl.
Chamaerops L.
Colpothrinax Griseb. & H.Wendl.
Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.
Guihaia J.Dransf., S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei
Johannesteijsmannia H.E. Moore
Lanonia A.J. Hend. & C.D. Bacon
Licuala Wurmb
Livistona R.Br.
Maxburretia Furtado
Pholidocarpus Blume
Pritchardia Seem. & H.Wendl. ex H.Wendl.
Rhapidophyllum H.Wendl. & Drude
Rhapis L.f. ex Aiton
Saribus Blume
Serenoa Benth. & Hook.f
Trachycarpus H.Wendl.
Washingtonia H.Wendl.

Contents

Trachycarpeae is a tribe of palms in subfamily Coryphoideae of the plant family Arecaceae. [1] [2] It has the widest distribution of any tribe in Coryphoideae and is found on all continents (except Antarctica), though the greatest concentration of species is in Southeast Asia. [3] Trachycarpeae includes palms from both tropical and subtropical zones; the northernmost naturally occurring palm is a member of this tribe ( Chamaerops humilis ). [4] Several genera can be found in cultivation in temperate areas, for example species of Trachycarpus , Chamaerops , Rhapidophyllum and Washingtonia . [5]

Description

Palms in this tribe have palmate leaves with induplicate folds (reduplicate in Guihaia ). [3] Plants may be tall, single-stemmed trees (e.g. Copernicia , Brahea , Pritchardia ), acaulescent with short, squat trunks (e.g. Maxburretia , Johannesteijsmannia ), multi-stemmed (e.g. Rhapis , Acoelorraphe ) or branched and prostrate (e.g. Serenoa ). These palms flower regularly throughout their lives (pleonanthic) and may be dioecious, monoecious or hermaphroditic. [3]

Taxonomy

Trachycarpeae is one of eight tribes in the subfamily Coryphoideae. [6] The tribe is monophyletic, but phylogenetic studies have yet to reveal its closest relatives, though they could be the Phoeniceae, or the Sabaleae and Cryosophileae. [3] Initially described as tribe 'Livistoneae', the name Trachycarpeae has priority. [3] In previous classifications, all the members of this tribe were included in tribe Corypheae. [7]

Trachycarpeae is divided into two subtribes: Rhapidinae have flowers with three separate carpels, whereas in subtribe Livistoniinae the flower carpels are free at the base, but the styles are fused together. [3] All genera in Rhapidinae are native to the Old World, except North American Rhapidophyllum. Livistoninae are widely distributed in both the New World and Southeast Asia and Australia. A single species ( Livistona carinensis ) has its main area of distribution in Africa, with Chamaerops humilis extending into northern Africa. Several genera in this tribe have yet to be allocated to a subtribe, due to a lack of convincing data from phylogenetic studies. [6]

Rhapidinae [3] [6]

Livistoninae [3] [6]

Washingtoninae [3] [6]

The above classification was published prior to the recognition of the genera Saribus and Lanonia; however, both are clearly members of subtribe Livistoniinae. Saribus includes species formerly in Livistona and monotypic Pritchardiopsis , [8] while Lanonia species were previously included in Licuala. [9] [10]

References

  1. ↑ Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 182 (2): 207–233. doi: 10.1111/boj.12401 .
  2. ↑ Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum: The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN   978-1-84246-182-2.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum - The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN   9781842461822.
  4. ↑ "Chamaerops humilis - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  5. ↑ "Cold Hardy Palms for Temperate Gardens". Plant Delights Nursery. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2005). "A new phylogenetic classification of the palm family, Arecaceae". Kew Bulletin. 60: 559–569 – via ResearchGate.
  7. ↑ Uhl, Natalie W.; Dransfield, John (1987). Genera Palmarum: A Classification of Palms Based on the Work of Harold E. Moore, Jr. L.H. Bailey Hortorium. ISBN   9780935868302.
  8. ↑ Bacon, Christine D.; Baker, William J. (2011). "Saribus Resurrected". Palms. 55 (3): 109–116 – via ResearchGate.
  9. ↑ Henderson, Andrew J.; Bacon, Christine D. (2011). "Lanonia (Arecaceae: Palmae), a New Genus from Asia, with a Revision of the Species". Systematic Botany. 36 (4): 883–895. doi:10.1600/036364411x604903. JSTOR   41416905. S2CID   84318474.
  10. ↑ Henderson, Andrew; Dung, Nguyen Quoc (2017-09-29). "New species of Lanonia, Licuala, and Pinanga (Arecaceae) from Vietnam" . Phytotaxa. 323 (2): 159. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.323.2.4. ISSN   1179-3163.
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