Schoenoplectiella juncoides

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Schoenoplectiella juncoides
Schoenoplectiella juncoides (5188542408).jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Schoenoplectiella
Species:
S. juncoides
Binomial name
Schoenoplectiella juncoides
Synonyms [2]
17 Synonyms

Schoenoplectiella juncoides is a sedge (a member of the Cyperaceae family), native to east Asia and Oceania. [2] It is a serious weed of rice paddies. [3]

Contents

S. juncoides, also known as Kaluha or rock bulrush, belong to the Cyperaceae family. It is indigenous to Hawai‘i but is also native to Madagascar and North America. Kaluha is not like the average flower species, as it does not grow bright, scented flowers. Instead, it grows tall leaves with spiky flowers annually. This species may improve this environment in ways such as preventing erosion and providing a habitat for some species. In other environments such as rice fields, it is considered invasive and could reduce crop yields.

This sedge was first described by William Roxburgh as Scirpus junc(e)oides in 1814, [2] [4] in 1888, Eduard Palla transferred it to the genus Schoenoplectus [5] and the accepted name was Schoenoplectus juncoides for many years. In 2003, it was transferred to the new genus Schoenoplectiella by Kåre Arnstein Lye. [2] [6]

It was discovered in Asia, Africa, and the United States. S. juncoides is a species that is native to Hawaii and is usually found on high elevations near wetlands.  It was originally discovered on Kaua‘i and this species never colonized the other Islands of Hawaii.

The plant may grow up to 60 centimeters high with leaves that are long and narrow. Although this species does have flowers, they don't resemble the average flower with intense colors or scents. Kaluha’s flowers are small spikes with a brown or greenish color. The average flower grows singly, however, Kaluha grows in clumps. The fruiting body, an achene, is considered a dry fruit that does not open at maturity to release seeds.The achenes fall from the leaves and are carried to another location which helps with the colonization of the species.

Although this plant usually grows on high elevations, 180–1,300 m (590–4,270 ft), it thrives in wet or moist conditions. They are usually found near ponds, rivers, and swamps. The root system and structure of this species may prevent erosion by anchoring the soil in place which leads to the improvement of the water quality. Since this species is usually found near bodies of water, it slows the speed of runoff water which allows pollutants to be filtered before entering the main water source. Kaluha also provides a habitat for many species like birds, insects, and invertebrates by providing a shelter and source of food. In major rice fields, this species may become invasive. There are certain chemicals or pesticides that farmers use to prevent a plant from becoming invasive. However, farmers are also able to reduce the amount of vegetative sprouts that grow by flooding the field with water, which is also known as wet puddling. Although this could have negative impacts on the soil, it prevents the species from becoming invasive.

Human uses

S. juncoides are used as a food source in some countries by using the seeds from the fruiting body to make bread or porridge. S. juncoides can also be used for wildlife restoration, since it prevents erosion, provides more habitat for wildlife, and improves water quality. Some cultures also use the leaves of Kaluha for crafts like weaving baskets, hats, or art.

Related Research Articles

<i>Schoenoplectus acutus</i> Species of plant

Schoenoplectus acutus, called tule, common tule, hardstem tule, tule rush, hardstem bulrush, or viscid bulrush, is a giant species of sedge in the plant family Cyperaceae, native to freshwater marshes all over North America. The common name derives from the Nāhuatl word tōllin, and it was first applied by the early settlers from New Spain who recognized the marsh plants in the Central Valley of California as similar to those in the marshes around Mexico City.

<i>Scirpus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Scirpus is a genus of grass-like species in the sedge family Cyperaceae many with the common names club-rush, wood club-rush or bulrush. They mostly inhabit wetlands and damp locations.

<i>Schoenoplectus californicus</i> Species of grass-like plant

Schoeneoplectus californicus is a species of sedge known by the common names California bulrush, southern bulrush and giant bulrush. It is also sometimes called "tule", but the closely related Schoenoplectus acutus is the species most often referred to by that name.

<i>Fimbristylis miliacea</i> Species of grass-like plant

Fimbristylis miliacea, the grasslike fimbry or hoorahgrass, is a species of fimbry that probably originated in coastal tropical Asia but has since spread to most continents as an introduced species. It is a widespread weed in some areas and is sometimes problematic in rice paddies.

<i>Bolboschoenus fluviatilis</i> Species of flowering plant in the sedge family Cyperaceae

Bolboschoenus fluviatilis, the river bulrush, is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. Its range includes Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Canada, the United States, and northeastern Mexico. B. fluviatilis and its fruits are important as food sources for waterfowl such as geese, ducks, bitterns, and swans. It also provides cover and nesting sites for these and other species of birds, as well as small mammals. Like other Bolboschoenus species, B. fluviatilis has strong tubers and rhizomes which help to stabilize intertidal habitats by preventing erosion.

<i>Schoenoplectus pungens</i> Species of grass-like plant

Schoenoplectus pungens is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known as common threesquare, common three-square bulrush and sharp club-rush. It is a herbaceous emergent plant that is widespread across much of North and South America as well as Europe, New Zealand and Australia.

<i>Schoenoplectus americanus</i> Species of grass-like plant

Schoenoplectus americanus is an American species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names chairmaker's bulrush and Olney's three-square bulrush.

<i>Schoenoplectus heterochaetus</i> Species of grass-like plant

Schoenoplectus heterochaetus is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common name slender bulrush. It is native to North America, where it can be found in scattered locations in Canada and the United States.

<i>Schoenoplectiella mucronata</i> Species of grass-like plant

Schoenoplectiella mucronata is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names bog bulrush, rough-seed bulrush, and ricefield bulrush. It is native to Eurasia, Africa and Australia. It grows in moist and wet terrestrial habitat, and in shallow water. It is a perennial herb growing from a short, hard rhizome. The erect, three-angled stems grow in dense clumps and can reach a metre tall. The leaves take the form of sheaths wrapped around the base of stem, but they generally do not have blades. The inflorescence is a headlike cluster of cone-shaped spikelets accompanied by an angled, stiff bract which may look like a continuation of the stem.

<i>Bolboschoenus robustus</i> Species of flowering plant in the sedge family Cyperaceae

Bolboschoenus robustus is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family. It is known by many common names: saltmarsh bulrush, alkali bulrush, sturdy bulrush, seacoast bulrush, stout bulrush, three-cornered sedge or leafy three-cornered sedge, and seaside club-rush.

Schoenoplectiella saximontana is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common name Rocky Mountain bulrush. It is native to North America, where it is known from several areas scattered throughout Canada, the United States, and Mexico. It grows in moist and wet habitat or shallow water, including disturbed places. It is an annual herb producing tufts of very thin, erect stems which reach about 30 centimeters in maximum height. The leaves sheath the stems and have short, narrow blades. The inflorescence is a cluster of several spikelets accompanied by a long, stiff, stemlike bract.

<i>Schoenoplectus subterminalis</i> Species of grass-like plant

Schoenoplectus subterminalis is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names water bulrush, water club-rush, and swaying bulrush. It is native to North America, where it is known from many parts of the Canada and the United States. It has been common in the northeastern US and eastern Canada as well as the Great Lakes region, as well as many locations in the mountains of the West, though apparently absent from the Southwest and from most of the Great Plains.

<i>Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani</i> Species of grass-like plant

Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names softstem bulrush, grey club-rush, and great bulrush. It can be found throughout much of the world; it has been reported from every state in the United States, and from every province and territory in Canada except Nunavut. It grows in moist and wet habitat, and sometimes in shallow water.

<i>Schoenoplectiella hallii</i> Species of grass-like plant

Schoenoplectiella hallii is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common name Hall's bulrush. It is native to the United States, where it has a disjunct distribution, occurring in widely spaced locations throughout the Midwest and East. It is a rare plant.

<i>Bolboschoenus novae-angliae</i> Species of flowering plant in the sedge family Cyperaceae

Bolboschoenus novae-angliae, common names New England bulrush, and Salt march bulrush is a plant species found along the Atlantic seacoast of the United States from Alabama to Maine. It grows in brackish and salt-water marshes and estuaries along the coast.

<i>Schoenoplectus lacustris</i> Species of grass-like plant

Schoenoplectus lacustris, the lakeshore bulrush or common club-rush, is a species of club-rush that grows in fresh water across Europe and some neighbouring areas.

<i>Scirpus georgianus</i> Species of plant

Scirpus georgianus, or Georgia bulrush, is a flowering plant in the family Cyperaceae that grows in much of the eastern half of North America. Its habitat is wet marshy field areas prone to seasonal flooding. It was described by Roland McMillan Harper.

<i>Schoenoplectiella</i> Genus of grass-like plants

Schoenoplectiella is a genus of flowering plants in the sedge family. Its has a nearly-cosmopolitan distribution. The genus was first described in 2003 by Kaare Arnstein Lye, and the type species is Schoenoplectiella articulata. There are no synonyms.

<i>Schoenoplectus triqueter</i> Species of sedge

Schoenoplectus triqueter, commonly known as the triangular club-rush, is a species of sedge which lives in temperate Eurasian wetlands, on muddy shores and river margins. It is found across Eurasia, as well as in South Africa, and has been introduced to North America on the west coast. Because of its tolerance of salty habitats, it is considered a halophyte, but plants which were subjected to a high salinity level in an experiment were noticeably stunted.

References

  1. ↑ "Schoenoplectiella juncoides(Roxb.) Lye". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens . Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Schoenoplectiella juncoides(Roxb.) Lye". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  3. ↑ Catindig, JLA; Lubigan, RT; Johnson, D (15 August 2017). "Schoenoplectus juncoides". irri.org. International Rice Research Institute. Retrieved 18 January 2021. The dirty dozen
  4. ↑ Roxburgh, W. (1814). Hortus Bengalensis. Vol. 1814 [1813]. p. 81.
  5. ↑ Palla, E. (1889). "Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Scirpus". Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 299.
  6. ↑ Lye, K.A. (2003). "Schoenoplectiella Lye, gen. nov. (Cyperaceae)". Lidia. 6: 25.

Further reading

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