Scrophularia lanceolata

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Scrophularia lanceolata
Scrophularialanceolata.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Genus: Scrophularia
Species:
S. lanceolata
Binomial name
Scrophularia lanceolata
Synonyms [1] [2] [3]
List
    • Scrophularia lanceolata f. lanceolata
    • Scrophularia nodosa var. lanceolata(Pursh) M.E. Jones
    • Scrophularia occidentalis(Rydb.) E.P.Bicknell
    • Scrophularia leporellaE.P.Bicknell

Scrophularia lanceolata is a species of flowering plant in the figwort family known by the common names lanceleaf figwort and American figwort. [4] It is native to North America, where it is known from western and eastern Canada and much of the United States except for the southeastern quadrant. [5] Past common names include Western figwort when the western US plants were grouped under the name Scrophularia occidentalis and the eastern US plants were called Scrophularia leporella with the common name hare figwort. [6]

Contents

Description and habitat

Scrophularia lanceolata is a perennial herb producing clusters of erect or spreading stems up to 1.5 meters long. The oppositely arranged leaves have toothed, triangular or lance-shaped blades up to 14 centimetres (5.5 in) long which are borne on short petioles. The inflorescence is a wide-open panicle with several hairy, glandular branches bearing flowers. The flower has a spherical or urn-shaped corolla opening at the top into a narrow mouth edged with hoodlike lobes. The corolla is roughly 1–1.5 centimetres (0.39–0.59 in) long and is greenish tinged with brown or dull pink. The wide staminode is generally visible in the mouth of the corolla. The ripe fruit is a brown, teardrop-shaped capsule just under a centimeter long, containing many very small black seeds which are released when the capsule splits in half. [7]

It grows part shade to full sun; Scrophularia lanceolata is found in open woods, thickets, along roadsides, and railroad right aways, and in open fields. [7]

The plant has been used medicinally to treat swollen glands. [8]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Coreopsis lanceolata</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Scrophularia marilandica</i> Species of flowering plant

Scrophularia marilandica, also called late figwort, Maryland figwort, carpenter's square, or eastern figwort, is a flowering plant in the family Scrophulariaceae, native throughout eastern and central North America, where it is found growing in dry woods from Manitoba and Quebec south to Texas and Florida.

<i>Scrophularia nodosa</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Claytonia lanceolata</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Gaillardia aristata</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Gentiana newberryi</i> Species of plant

Gentiana newberryi is a species of gentian known by the common names alpine gentian and Newberry's gentian. It is a perennial herb found in western North America.

<i>Alisma lanceolatum</i> Species of plant

Alisma lanceolatum is a species of aquatic plant in the water plantain family known by the common names lanceleaf water plantain and narrow-leaved water plantain. It is widespread across Europe, North Africa and temperate Asia. It is naturalized in Australia, New Zealand, Oregon, California and British Columbia. It is considered a noxious weed in some places.

<i>Bupleurum lancifolium</i> Species of flowering plant

Bupleurum lancifolium is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae known by the common name lanceleaf thorow-wax. It is native to the Mediterranean Basin and it is known elsewhere, including parts of North America, as an introduced species. It grows up to 50 centimetres (20 in) tall with a hairless, waxy stem around which leaves are fused at their bases. The dull, waxy, deep-green leaves are narrowly lance-shaped to nearly oval and 3 to 10 centimetres long. The inflorescence is a compound umbel borne on a peduncle which may be several centimeters tall. The umbel is surrounded by five wide, round to oval, and sometimes pointed bractlets at the base. The flowers are yellow to yellow-green.

<i>Phyla lanceolata</i> Species of flowering plant

Phyla lanceolata is a species of flowering plant in the verbena family known by the common names lanceleaf fogfruit, fogfruit, or frogfruit. It is native to the southern half of North America, including much of the United States except for the northwestern quadrant, and much of Mexico. It is resident in many types of moist and wet habitat, including disturbed areas, such as irrigation ditches. It is a perennial herb growing decumbent in a matlike form with spreading, trailing stems up to 50 centimeters (19.7 in) long, sometimes rooting at nodes. The lance-shaped or nearly oval leaves are up to 6 centimeters (2.4 in) long and have toothed or partially toothed edges. The inflorescence, arising on a peduncle several centimeters tall, is a spherical spike of flowers which elongates into a cylindrical form as the fruits develop. The tiny, densely packed flowers are white, sometimes tinged with blue or purple.

<i>Pyrrocoma lanceolata</i>

Pyrrocoma lanceolata is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name lanceleaf goldenweed. It is native to western North America from central Canada to northeastern California to Colorado, where it grows in many types of habitat, including disturbed places and areas with wet, alkali soils. It is a widespread and variable plant. It is a perennial herb growing one or more stems up to about half a meter long. The stems are decumbent or upright, reddish, usually somewhat hairy to quite woolly, and glandular toward the ends of the stems. The largest leaves are at the base of the plant, each measuring up to 30 centimeters in maximum length. They are generally lance-shaped with sawtoothed edges. The inflorescence bears several, up to 50, flower heads lined with reddish to green phyllaries. Each contains yellow disc florets and ray florets. The fruit is an achene up to a centimeter long including its pappus.

Scrophularia atrata is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the figwort family known by the common names black-flowered figwort and darkflowered figwort. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from a section of the Central Coast Ranges in San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties. It grows in the calcareous and diatomaceous soils of the coastal canyons at elevations not exceeding 500 meters. There have been 44 observed occurrences of this species, but perhaps 25 of these are historic and may no longer exist. This plant is a perennial herb producing an erect, four-sided stem up to a meter tall or slightly taller. It is somewhat hairy to densely woolly in texture. The leaves have toothed oval blades up to 10 centimeters long which are borne on long petioles. The inflorescence is a wide-open panicle with several hairy, glandular branches bearing flowers. The flower has an urn-shaped corolla with a rounded body and an open mouth at the top which is edged with hoodlike lobes. The corolla is deep, dark red to nearly black in color. The fruit is a capsule just under a centimeter long containing many seeds.

<i>Scrophularia desertorum</i> Species of flowering plant

Scrophularia desertorum is a species of flowering plant in the figwort family known by the common name desert figwort. It is native to eastern California and Nevada, where it grows in dry areas in local mountain ranges, including the Sierra Nevada and the desert ranges adjacent. It is a perennial herb producing clusters of erect stems that often exceed one meter tall. The leaves have toothed, triangular or lance-shaped blades up to 13 centimeters long which are borne on petioles measuring up to 10 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is a wide-open panicle with several hairy, glandular branches bearing flowers. The flower has a spherical corolla opening at the top into a hoodlike, lobed mouth. The corolla is just under a centimeter long and is whitish at the base and deep red around the mouth and on the lobes. The staminode is generally visible in the mouth of the corolla. The fruit is a capsule just under a centimeter long containing many seeds.

<i>Veronica regina-nivalis</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae

Veronica regina-nivalis is a species of flowering plant in the figwort family known by the common name snowqueen, or snow queen. It is native to the Pacific coast of the United States from the Puget Sound to San Francisco Bay Area, where it grows in the forests of coastal and inland hills and mountains. It is a perennial herb growing up to about 15 centimeters tall. It has a rosette of basal leaves with hairy, lobed, heart-shaped or kidney-shaped blades borne on long petioles. The inflorescence is a small raceme of pale blue, lavender, or nearly white flowers each just under a centimeter long. The corollas are bell-shaped, the tube spreading into short lobes at the mouth, with two stamens tipped with large anthers.

<i>Scrophularia auriculata</i> Species of flowering plant

Scrophularia auriculata, the shoreline figwort or water figwort, is a perennial plant of the genus Scrophularia in the family Scrophulariaceae. It is found commonly in Western Europe and North Africa, on the margins of rivers, ponds and similar damp places. It is an upright plant reaching 70 cm with blunt oval, crenate leaves in alternate pairs on the greenish–purple square stem, most leaves may have two small lobes at their base. The spikes of flowers are held stiffly on square stems which arise from the main stem in the angle of the leaf stalks. The square stems have a wing running down each corner. These wings are more obvious than on the closely related common figwort. The flowers are small, maroon-brownish and globular with two small lips above and below. The five sepals are green with a white margin, broader on the water figwort than the common figwort. The plant flowers from June to September after when the flowers produce small spherical to pear-shaped capsules containing a large number of seeds.

<i>Pedicularis verticillata</i> Species of flowering plant

Pedicularis verticillata, the whorled lousewort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae which can be found in Alaska, North-Western Canada, and everywhere in China at the elevation of 2,100–4,400 metres (6,900–14,400 ft). Its native habitats include moist meadows and lakeshores.

<i>Pedicularis lanata</i> Species of flowering plant

Pedicularis lanata is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae. It is native to Canada and Alaska. Its common names include woolly lousewort and bumble-bee flower.

<i>Arnica lanceolata</i> Species of flowering plant

Arnica lanceolata is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common name clasping arnica or lanceleaf arnica. It has a disjunct (discontinuous) distribution in western North America and northeastern North America.

Goodenia occidentalis, commonly known as western goodenia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae and is endemic to drier parts of southern Australia. It is a short-lived prostrate to low-lying herb with scaly, lance-shaped leaves and racemes of yellow flowers with a brownish centre.

<i>Micranthes occidentalis</i> Species of flowering plant

Micranthes occidentalis, commonly known as western saxifrage, is a species of flowering plant native to North America.

References

  1. "Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh". www.worldfloraonline.org. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
  2. "Scrophularia occidentalis (Rydb.) E.P.Bicknell". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
  3. "Scrophularia leporella E.P.Bicknell". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
  4. "Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
  5. "Lanceleaf figwort". USDA . Plants Profile. Retrieved July 10, 2010.
  6. Gentianaceae to Compositae; gentian to thistle . Dover Publications; 1970. ISBN   978-0-486-22644-6. p. 180.
  7. 1 2 "Scrophularia lanceolata (Lance-leaf Figwort): Minnesota Wildflowers". www.minnesotawildflowers.info. Retrieved 2021-01-21.
  8. Fagan, Damian (2019). Wildflowers of Oregon: A Field Guide to Over 400 Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Coast, Cascades, and High Desert. Guilford, CT: FalconGuides. p. 153. ISBN   978-1-4930-3633-2. OCLC   1073035766.