Sebastes atrovirens

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Sebastes atrovirens
Sebastes atrovirens.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scorpaeniformes
Family: Sebastidae
Genus: Sebastes
Species:
S. atrovirens
Binomial name
Sebastes atrovirens
(Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)

Sebastes atrovirens is a species of fish in the rockfish family known by the common name kelp rockfish. It is native to the Pacific Ocean along the coast of California in the United States and Baja California in Mexico. [1]

Contents

Description

This species reaches about 42 centimeters in length. Its life span is up to 15 [2] to 20 [1] or even 25 years. Individuals may be tan, brown, green, reddish, blackish, whitish, or brown-mottled. The snout has an "up-turned" look. [3] This species was recently moved from the Sebastes subgenus Mebarus [4] to Pteropodus, which also includes brown, gopher, copper, black-and-yellow, calico, quillback, China, and grass rockfishes. [5] Like some other rockfish, this species can produce an auditory signal in the form of a low-frequency pulsing noise. [6]

Distribution

This marine fish is distributed from Sonoma County, California, south to central Baja California. The climate is subtropical. It lives in coastal waters up to 42 meters deep, but usually not more than about 12 meters. Its habitat includes kelp beds and rocky seabeds. [1] It commonly associates with several other species of rockfish in this habitat, but it is more closely associated with the kelp than the others. [3] During the day it often rests on the kelp blades, sometimes upside down. [2] The main kelp species is Macrocystis pyrifera , the giant kelp. Other brown algaes in the habitat can include Pterygophora californica , Cystoseira osmundacea , and species of Desmarestia . [7] It is also known from artificial habitat types, such as oil rigs. [3]

Diet

The diet of the fish is rich in crustaceans [3] such as the isopod Pentidotea resecata , [7] as well as cephalopods and gastropods, [2] and it is known to prey on juvenile blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) [3] and plainfin midshipmen (Porichthys notatus). [7] It does most of its hunting at night. [3] In captivity, larvae have been reared on diets of Brachionus plicatilis , a rotifer, with supplements of copepods and veligers as they develop. The nauplius of the brine shrimp Artemia salina becomes the main food later. [5] Captive adults can be maintained on chopped squid [8] and live prey such as the night smelt (Spirinchus starksi). [7]

Spawning

Spawning starts in February in the northern part of its range, and in March farther south. [3] A female will mate with multiple males and can store sperm, yielding broods of eggs that have multiple fathers. [8] Like other fish of its genus, this species is viviparous. [1] The gravid female expels her whole brood at once, only during the night. [8] The larva is between 4 and 5 millimeters long at birth. It still has a small bit of yolk or oil on its belly which is absorbed within a few days. It quickly develops its head spines. It has some pigmentation at birth in the form of melanophores and xanthophores and develops more as it grows. [5]

Role as prey

This rockfish is an important prey item for many other animals. The larva is consumed by siphonophores and chaetognaths. [2] The juvenile is food for other fish, such as lingcod, cabezon, and salmon, as well as many birds, pinnipeds, and porpoises. The adult is prey for sharks, dolphins, and seals. [3] Additionally, this species is taken in spearfishing [3] and angling. [2]

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<i>Paralabrax clathratus</i> Species of fish

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<i>Sebastes capensis</i> Species of fish

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Bocaccio rockfish Species of fish

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Widow rockfish Species of fish

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<i>Sebastes miniatus</i> Species of fish

Sebastes miniatus is a species of rockfish known by the common names vermilion rockfish, vermilion seaperch, red snapper, red rock cod, and rasher. It is native to the waters of the Pacific Ocean off western North America from Baja California to Alaska.

<i>Sebastes goodei</i> Species of fish

Sebastes goodei is a type of rockfish (Sebastidae) that lives mainly off the coast of western North America from Baja California to Vancouver. It is commonly called the chilipepper rockfish and chilipepper seaperch.

Yelloweye rockfish Species of fish

The yelloweye rockfish is a rockfish of the genus Sebastes, and one of the biggest members of the genus. Its name derives from its coloration. It is also locally known as "red snapper", not to be confused with the warm-water Atlantic species Lutjanus campechanus that formally carries the name red snapper. The yelloweye is one of the world's longest-lived fish species, and is cited to live to a maximum of 114 to 120 years of age. As they grow older, they change in color, from reddish in youth, to bright orange in adulthood, to pale yellow in old age. Yelloweye live in rocky areas and feed on small fish and other rockfish. They reside in the East Pacific and range from Baja California to Dutch harbor in Alaska.

<i>Sebastes chrysomelas</i> Species of fish

Sebastes chrysomelas, commonly known as the black-and-yellow rockfish, is a marine fish species of the family Sebastidae. It is found in rocky areas in the Pacific off California and Baja California. Although it is similar in appearance to the China rockfish, the black-and-yellow rockfish lacks the China's long yellow streak. The China rockfish has a continuous yellow band while the black-and-yellow rockfish only has scattered patches of yellow across its body.

Quillback rockfish Species of fish

The quillback rockfish is one of 130 species of rockfish and primarily dwells in salt water reefs. The average adult weighs 2–7 pounds and may reach 1 m in length. Quillback rockfish are named for the sharp, venomous quills or spines on the dorsal fin. Their mottled orange-brown coloring allows them to blend in with rocky bottom reefs. The quillback rockfish eats mainly crustaceans, but will also eat herring. They are solitary and minimally migratory, but not territorial, and give birth to live young (viviparous). They are a popular sport fish, generally caught in cold water 41–60 m deep, but also to subtidal depths of 275 m.

Brown rockfish Species of fish

The brown rockfish, whose other names include brown seaperch, chocolate bass, brown bass, and brown bomber, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Sebastidae.

<i>Oxyjulis californica</i> Species of fish

Oxyjulis californica is a species of wrasse native to the eastern Pacific Ocean along the coasts of California and Baja California. Its distribution extends from Salt Point in Sonoma County, California, to southern central Baja California, near Cedros Island. It is a very common species; its common name in Spanish is señorita.

Redbanded rockfish Species of fish

Sebastes babcocki is a species of fish in the rockfish family known by the common name redbanded rockfish. Other common names include bandit, barber pole, flag rockfish, Spanish flag, Hollywood, convict, and canary. It is native to the northern and eastern Pacific Ocean. Its distribution extends from the Zhemchug Canyon in the Bering Sea and the Aleutians south to San Diego, California.

<i>Sebastes reedi</i> Species of fish

Sebastes reedi is a species of fish in the rockfish family found in the Eastern Pacific.

<i>Sebastes diaconus</i> Species of fish

Sebastes diaconus, the deacon rockfish, is a rockfish of the genus Sebastes.

<i>Sebastes ciliatus</i> Species of fish

Sebastes ciliatus is a species of rockfish also commonly known as dusky rockfish. It is typically found in the North Pacific Ocean, specifically in the Bering Sea near British Columbia, in the Gulf of Alaska, and in the depths of the Aleutian Islands.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds. Sebastes atrovirens. FishBase. 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Essential Fish Habitat: West Coast Groundfish Draft Revised Appendix. Habitat/Ecosystem Team, West Coast Groundfish. Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. 1998. pg. 100.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Abbreviated Life History of Kelp Rockfish (Sebastes atrovirens). Archived 2013-06-05 at the Wayback Machine California Department of Fish and Game.
  4. Li, Z., et al. (2006). Phylogeny of members of the rockfish (Sebastes) subgenus Pteropodus and their relatives. Can. J. Zool. 84 527–36.
  5. 1 2 3 Watson, W. and L. L. Robertson. 2004. Development of kelp rockfish Sebastes atrovirens (Jordan and Gilbert 1880), and brown rockfish, S. auriculatus (Girard 1854), from birth to pelagic juvenile stage, with notes on early larval development of black-and-yellow rockfish, S. chrysomelas (Jordan and Gilbert 1880), reared in the laboratory (Pisces: Sebastidae). NOAA Prof. Paper NMFS 3, 30 pp.
  6. Širović, A., et al. (2009). Rockfish sounds and their potential use for population monitoring in the Southern California Bight. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66(6) 981-990.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Van Dykhuizen, G. S. (1983). Activity patterns and feeding chronology of the kelp rockfish, Sebastes atrovirens, in a central California kelp forest. Thesis. San Jose State University.
  8. 1 2 3 Sogard, S. M., et al. (2008). Multiple paternity in viviparous kelp rockfish, Sebastes atrovirens. Environ Biol Fish 81 7-13.