Senna septemtrionalis

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Senna septemtrionalis
Starr 041113-0723 Senna septemtrionalis.jpg
In Makawao Forest Reserve
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Genus: Senna
Species:
S. septemtrionalis
Binomial name
Senna septemtrionalis
Synonyms [1]
List
    • Cassia septemtrionalisViv.
    • Adipera laevigata(Willd.) Britton & Rose
    • Cassia aurata(Roxb.) Vogel
    • Cassia coymbosa Ortega
    • Cassia elegans Kunth
    • Cassia × floribunda var. pubescens V.Singh
    • Cassia grandiflora Desf.
    • Cassia laevigataWilld.
    • Cassia quadrangularis Zoll. & Moritzi
    • Cassia septentrionalis Zuccagni
    • Cassia septentrionalis Sessé & Moc. nom. illeg.
    • Cassia vernicosa Clos
    • Chamaecassia grandiflora Link
    • Chamaecassia laevigata(Willd.) Link
    • Chamaefistula elegans(Kunth) G.Don
    • Chamaefistula laevigata(Willd.) G.Don
    • Chamaesenna laevigata(Willd.) Pittier
    • Senna aurataRoxb.
    • Senna × floribunda var. pubescens(V.Singh) V.Singh
    • Senna septemtrionalis var. pubescens(V.Singh) V.Singh

Senna septemtrionalis, commonly known as arsenic bush, [2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to Central America, the southern United States and Mexico, but is naturalised in many other countries. It is an erect shrub with pinnate leaves, with four or five pairs of egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of five to eight, usually with seven fertile stamens and four staminodes in each flower.

Contents

Description

Senna septemtrionalis is an erect, glabrous shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 3 m (9.8 ft). Its leaves are pinnate, 60–80 mm (2.4–3.1 in) long including a petiole 15–30 mm (0.59–1.18 in) long, with four or five pairs of egg-shaped leaflets. The leaflets are 45–70 mm (1.8–2.8 in) long and 15–28 mm (0.59–1.10 in) wide, usually spaced 15–30 mm (0.59–1.18 in) apart. There are three or four erect, club-shaped glands between the lowest pairs of leaflets. The flowers are yellow and arranged on the ends of branches and in upper leaf axils in groups of five to eight on a peduncle 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 10–13 mm (0.39–0.51 in) long. The petals are up to 8 mm (0.31 in) long and there are usually seven fertile stamens, the anthers 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long and of different lengths, as well as four staminodes. Flowering occurs from April to September in the Southern Hemisphere, and the fruit is a cylindrical pod 50–80 mm (2.0–3.1 in) long and 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) wide. [2] [3]

Taxonomy and naming

This species was first formally described in 1802 by Domenico Viviani who gave it the name Cassia septemtrionalis in Elenchus Plantarum Horti Botanici J. Car. Dinegro Observationibus quod Novas, vel Rariores Species Passim Interjectis. [4] [5] In 1982, Howard Samuel Irwin and Rupert Charles Barneby transferred the species to the genus Senna as S. septemtrionalis in the Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden . [6] The specific epithet (septemtrionalis) means "north" or "northern". [7]

Distribution and habitat

Senna septemtrionalis is native to the southern United States, Mexico and central America, but is introduced to many other countries, including to Queensland and New South Wales in Australia, and its offshore islands, Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands. In Australia it is found in pastures and disturbed rainforest. [1] [2] [3]

Related Research Articles

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Senna gaudichaudii, also known by many common names, including kolomana in Hawaii and as blunt-leaved senna in Australia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to some Pacific Islands including Hawaii, parts of Southeast Asia and Queensland in Australia. It is shrub or small tree with pinnate leaves, usually with three to five pairs of oblong to egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of four to ten, with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

<i>Senna multiglandulosa</i> Species of legume

Senna multiglandulosa, commonly known as glandular senna, downy senna, or buttercup bush is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to Mexico, Guatemala, and western parts of South America. It is a shrub with pinnate leaves, usually with six to eight pairs of linear to lance-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of ten to twenty, with seven fertile stamens in each flower. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant and in some areas of the world has become naturalized.

<i>Senna occidentalis</i> Species of plant

Senna occidentalis, commonly known as coffee senna, styptic weed, or septicweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to the southern United States of America, Mexico and South America. It is a shrub with pinnate leaves, with three to seven pairs of broadly elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of two to four, with six fertile stamens in each flower. It is an aggressive, pantropical weed.

<i>Senna notabilis</i> Species of plant

Senna notabilis, commonly known as cockroach bush, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae, and is endemic to northern Australia. It is an erect, softly-hairy, annual or perennial shrub with pinnate leaves with six to twelve pairs of lance-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of twenty to thirty, with seven fertile stamens in each flower.

<i>Senna barclayana</i> Species of legume

Senna barclayana, commonly known as smooth senna or pepper-leaf senna, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a herbaceous perennial or subshrub with pinnate leaves with six to ten pairs of lance-shaped or narrowly elliptic leaflets, and yellow flowers in groups of six to ten.

<i>Senna barronfieldii</i> Species of legume

Senna barronfieldii, commonly known as southern cassia, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is an erect shrub with more or less glabrous, pinnate leaves with eight to thirteen pairs of lance-shaped or elliptic leaflets, and yellow flowers in groups of three to five.

<i>Senna cardiosperma</i> Species of legume

Senna cardiosperma is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the western half of Australia. It is an erect shrub or small tree with pinnate leaves, the number and shape of the leaflets depending on subspecies, yellow flowers with ten fertile stamens in each flower, and flat pods.

<i>Senna clavigera</i> Species of legume

Senna clavigera, commonly known as pepper leaf senna, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a perennial herb with pinnate leaves with four to seven pairs of lance-shaped to elliptic leaflets, and groups of four to twenty yellow flowers in upper leaf axils.

<i>Senna ferraria</i> Species of legume

Senna ferraria is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to north-western Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with pinnate leaves with three to four pairs of broadly elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of about twelve, with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

<i>Senna glutinosa</i> Species of legume

Senna glutinosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to central and northern arid areas of Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with pinnate leaves with up to seven pairs of leaflets, their shape depending on subspecies, and yellow flowers arranged in groups with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

Senna goniodes is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the far north of Western Australia. It is an erect, slender shrub with pinnate leaves with two or three pairs of narrowly elliptic to elliptic leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

Senna hamersleyensis, commonly known as creeping senna, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the north of Western Australia. It is an erect, spreading or prostrate shrub with pinnate leaves with two to four pairs of broadly elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of four or five, with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

Senna heptanthera is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Arnhem Land in the north of the Northern Territory. It is a creeping, herbaceous perennial with pinnate leaves with one or two pairs of broadly egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of eight to ten, with seven fertile stamens in each flower.

<i>Senna hirsuta</i> Species of plant

Senna hirsuta, commonly known as woolly senna, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is native to Central and South America, but is naturalised in many other countries. It is an erect or spreading shrub or herbaceous perennial with pinnate leaves, with two to six pairs of egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of two to six, with six fertile stamens and four staminodes in each flower.

Senna leptoclada is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Arnhem Land in northern Australia. It is a glaucous, erect to drooping shrub with pinnate leaves usually with two pairs of broadly elliptic leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of two or three, with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

<i>Senna magnifolia</i> Species of legume

Senna magnifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is an erect, spreading or straggling, mostly glabrous shrub with pinnate leaves with four to six pairs of broadly oblong to round leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of twenty to sixty, with seven fertile stamens in each flower.

<i>Senna oligoclada</i> Species of legume

Senna oligoclada is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is an erect shrub with pinnate leaves with one to three pairs of elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of three to five with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

<i>Senna planitiicola</i> Species of legume

Senna planitiicola, commonly known as yellow pea, arsenic bush, ant bush or pepper-leaf senna, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to northern Australia. It is an erect shrub with pinnate leaves with five to seven pairs of broadly elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets, and groups of three to eight yellow flowers on the ends of branches and in upper leaf axils.

<i>Senna pleurocarpa</i> Species of legume

Senna pleurocarpa, commonly known as fire bush or chocolate bush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to Australia. It is a spreading shrub with pinnate leaves with five to seven pairs of broadly elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets, and groups of five to twelve yellow flowers arranged in dense groups of twenty to sixty on the ends of branches and in upper leaf axils.

Senna sericea is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to inland north-western Australia. It is an erect shrub with pinnate leaves, with one or two pairs of egg-shaped leaflets, and yellow flowers arranged in groups of four to twelve, with ten fertile stamens in each flower.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Senna septemtrionalis". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 Randell, Barbara R.; Barlow, Bryan A. "Senna septemtrionalis". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  3. 1 2 "Senna septemtrionalis". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  4. ↑ "Cassia septemtrionalis". Australian Plant Name Index. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  5. ↑ Viviani, Domenico (1802). Elenchus Plantarum Horti Botanici J. Car. Dinegro. Genoa: Typis De Planis. p. 14. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
  6. ↑ "Senna septemtrionalis". Australian Plant Name Index. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  7. ↑ William T. Stearn (1992). Botanical Latin. History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary (4th ed.). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 492.
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