Seven Social Sins

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Seven Social Sins is a list by Frederic Donaldson that Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi published in his weekly newspaper Young India on 22 October 1925. [1] Later he gave this same list written on a piece of paper to his grandson, Arun Gandhi, on their final day together shortly before his assassination. [2]

Contents

Gandhi listed the sins as:

  1. Wealth without work.
  2. Pleasure without conscience.
  3. Knowledge without character.
  4. Commerce without morality.
  5. Science without humanity.
  6. Religion without sacrifice.
  7. Politics without principle.

History

Mohandas Gandhi published the list of "Seven Social Sins" in 1925. (1940s photo) MKGandhi.jpg
Mohandas Gandhi published the list of "Seven Social Sins" in 1925. (1940s photo)

The list was published by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in his weekly newspaper Young India on 22 October 1925. [1] An almost identical list had been published six months earlier in England in a sermon at Westminster Abbey by Fredrick Lewis Donaldson. [3] Gandhi wrote that a correspondent whom he called a "fair friend" had sent the list: "The... fair friend wants readers of Young India to know, if they do not already, the following seven social sins," [1] (the list was then provided). After the list, Gandhi wrote that "Naturally, the friend does not want the readers to know these things merely through the intellect but to know them through the heart so as to avoid them." [1] This was the entirety of Gandhi's commentary on the list when he first published it.

Influence

In the decades since its first publication, the list has been widely cited and discussed. Some books have also focused on the seven sins or been structured around them:

Many books have discussed the sins more briefly:

They have also been anthologized:

Politics without principle

Regarding "politics without principle", Gandhi said[ citation needed ] having politics without truth(s) to justly dictate the action creates chaos, which ultimately leads to violence. Gandhi called these missteps "passive violence", ‘which fuels the active violence of crime, rebellion, and war.’ He said, "We could work 'til doomsday to achieve peace and would get nowhere as long as we ignore passive violence in our world." [13]

Politics is literally defined as, "The struggle in any group for power that will give one or more persons the ability to make decisions for the larger group." [14]

Mohandas Gandhi defined principle as, "the expression of perfection, and as imperfect beings like us cannot practice perfection, we devise every moment limits of its compromise in practice." [15]

There are many different types of regimes in the world whose politics differ. Based on Gandhi’s Blunder Politics without Principle, a regime type might be more of a root of violence than another because one regime has more principle than the other. Regimes have different types of fighting and aggression tactics, each desiring different outcomes.

This difference affects the actions taken by political heads in countries across the globe. Gandhi wrote, "An unjust law is itself a species of violence." [16] The aggression of one country on another may be rooted in the government's creation of an unjust law. For example, a war of irredentism fought for one state to reclaim territory that was lost due to a law promoting ethnic cleansing.[ citation needed ]

Principle in one country could easily be a crime in another. This difference leads one to believe that the root of violence is inevitably present somewhere in the world. "Politics without Principle" will inevitably take place throughout time.[ citation needed ]

"I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent." [17]

This list grew from Gandhi's search for the roots of violence. He called these "acts of passive violence". Preventing these is the best way to prevent oneself or one's society from reaching a point of violence, according to Gandhi.[ citation needed ]

To this list, Arun Gandhi added an eighth blunder, "rights without responsibilities". [18] According to Arun Gandhi, the idea behind the first blunder originates from the feudal practice of Zamindari. He also suggests that the first and the second blunders are interrelated.[ citation needed ]

Arun Gandhi description as "Seven Blunders"

Arun Gandhi, who was personally given the list by his grandfather, Mohandas Gandhi, has described it as a list of "Seven Blunders of the World" that lead to violence. Arun Gandhi at Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial 4 April 2012 crop.jpg
Arun Gandhi, who was personally given the list by his grandfather, Mohandas Gandhi, has described it as a list of "Seven Blunders of the World" that lead to violence.

More recently Mohandas Gandhi's list of negative qualities has also been described by his grandson as "Seven Blunders of the World". Examples of description under this heading include:

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi (electronic edition), Vol. 33, pp. 133-134. ISBN   8123007353, ISBN   9788123007359 OCLC   655798065
  2. ↑ Gandhi's "Seven Blunders of the World" That Lead to Violence . . . Plus 5 Archived 15 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ↑ "Evils of World are Outlined". Archived from the original on 2 April 2017.
  4. ↑ Easwaran, Eknath (1989). The Compassionate Universe: The Power of the Individual to Heal the Environment. Tomales, CA: Nilgiri Press. ISBN   9780915132591. OCLC   20393226. ISBN   0915132591, ISBN   9780915132584, ISBN   0915132583
  5. ↑ "Seven Deadly Sins as per Mahatma Gandhi". mkgandhi.org. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  6. ↑ Covey, Stephen R. (2009). Principle-Centered Leadership. RosettaBooks. pp. 87–93. ISBN   978-0-7953-0959-5.
  7. ↑ Woolever, Frank (2011). Gandhi's List of Social Sins: Lessons in Truth. Pittsburgh, PA: Dorrance Publishing. ISBN   9781434907943. OCLC   801817588. ISBN   1434907945 (focuses on the list)
  8. ↑ Gomes, Peter J. (2007). The scandalous gospel of Jesus: What's so good about the good news?. New York: HarperOne. ISBN   9780060000738. OCLC   125402376.
  9. ↑ Taylor, Adam (2010). Mobilizing hope: Faith-inspired activism for a post-civil rights generation. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Books. ISBN   9780830838370.
  10. ↑ In: Brown, Judith M.; Anthony Parel (2011). The Cambridge Companion to Gandhi. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 135–153. ISBN   9780521116701. OCLC   646309046.
  11. ↑ In: Simon, David (Ed.) (2006). Fifty key thinkers on development. London: Routledge. pp. 106–110. ISBN   9780203098820. OCLC   68710779.
  12. ↑ Inspiring Thoughts Of Mahatma Gandhi Concept Publishing Co. ISBN   9788180694417 (listed, p. 239)
  13. ↑ Meadows, Donella. "Gandhi's Seven Blunders -- and then Some". The Donella Meadows Archive. Archived from the original on 4 July 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  14. ↑ O'Neil, Patrick H. (2009). Essentials of Comparative Politics . New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p.  323. ISBN   9780393933772.
  15. ↑ Gandhi, Mohandas (14 September 2018). "Inspired Words by Mohandas Gandhi". Wisdom Quotes.
  16. ↑ Gandhi, Mohandas. "Quote - An unjust law is itself a species of violence. Arrest for its breach is more so..." Wisdom Quotes. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  17. ↑ Gandhi, Mohandas. "Mahatma Gandhi quotes" . Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  18. ↑ Arun Gandhi's article
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