Sharur-Daralayaz uezd

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Sharur-Daralayaz uezd
Шаруро-Даралагёзский уезд
Uezd
Coat of Arms of Erivan gubernia (Russian empire).png
Coat of arms
Sharur-Daralayaz Uyezd of Erivan Governorate.png
Location in the Erivan Governorate
Country Russian Empire
Viceroyalty Caucasus
Governorate Erivan
Established1849
Abolished1929
CapitalBashnorashen
(present-day Sharur)
Area
 • Total3,001.64 km2 (1,158.94 sq mi)
Population
 (1916)
 • Total90,250
 • Density30/km2 (78/sq mi)
 •  Rural
100.00%

The Sharur-Daralayaz uezd [a] was a county ( uezd ) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. [3] It bordered the governorate's Erivan and Nor Bayazet uezds to the north, the Nakhichevan uezd to the south, the Zangezur and Jevanshir uezds of the Elizavetpol Governorate to the east, and Persia to the southwest. It included most of the Vayots Dzor Province of present-day Armenia and the Sharur District of the Nakhchivan exclave of present-day Azerbaijan. The administrative centre of the county was Bashnorashen (present-day Sharur). [4]

Contents

Economy

Armenians were mostly concentrated in mountainous Daralayaz, while lowland Sharur was overwhelmingly Tatar. The population in Daralayaz was engaged primarily in cattlebreeding while the residents of Sharur were engaged in agricultural farming and gardening. Manufacturing was not developed in this part of the governorate. Only 47 winemaking enterprises, 299 mills, 89 cotton-cleaning, 4 rice-cleaning factories existed in the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd. [5]

Geography

The geography of the uezd resembled a crater surrounded from the south, north and east by tall mountain ranges of the Lesser Caucasus. The plain, which made up a small part of the uezd, was close to the Aras River, into which the only river irrigating the plains, the Arpa-chay, discharged. The mountainous part of the territory was called Daralayaz and the lowland part was called Sharur. Daralayaz constituted approximately 70% of the whole uezd area and Sharur constituted approximately 30%, even though it included about half of the uezd's population. The Arpa-chay started at the southeastern tip of Lake Sevan (Gokcha) and flowed 107 versts before discharging into the Aras. It had many tributaries, the Alagyoz-chay being the longest. Approximately 12,150 desyatins of the mountainous part of uezd was forested. The temperature in the winter reached -27 °C. [5]

History

The territory of the uezd was part of Persia's Erivan and Nakhchivan Khanates until 1828, when according to the Treaty of Turkmenchay, they were annexed to the Russian Empire. It was administered as part of the Armenian Oblast from 1828 to 1840. [6] In 1844, the Caucasus Viceroyalty was re-established, in which the territory of the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd formed part of the Tiflis Governorate. In 1849, the Erivan Governorate was established, separate from the Tiflis Governorate. It was made up of the Erivan, Nakhchivan, Alexandropol, Nor Bayazet, and Ordubad uezds. Following administrative reforms, the northern part of the Nakhchivan uezd (Daralayaz) was separated to form part of the new Sharur-Daralayaz uezd in 1870. [7]

Throughout 1918–1920, the uezd was heavily contested between forces of the First Republic of Armenia and Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. [8]

After the establishment of Soviet rule in 1920, the territory of the uezd was divided. Daralayaz (modern-day Vayots Dzor) became part of the Armenian SSR and Sharur became part of the Nakhichevan ASSR of the Azerbaijan SSR in accordance with the treaties of Moscow and Kars. [9]

Administrative divisions

The subcounties ( uchastoks ) of the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd in 1913 were as follows: [10]

Name1912 populationArea
1-y uchastok (1-й участок)44,051747.26 square versts (850.43  km2 ; 328.35  sq mi )
2-y uchastok (2-й участок)44,4481,890.24 square versts (2,151.21  km2 ; 830.59  sq mi )

Demographics

Russian Empire Census

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd had a population of 76,538 on 28 January [ O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 41,055 men and 35,483 women. The plurality of the population indicated Tatar [b] to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian and Kurdish speaking minorities. [13]

Linguistic composition of the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd in 1897 [13]
LanguageNative speakers%
Tatar [b] 51,56067.37
Armenian 20,72627.08
Kurdish 3,7614.91
Assyrian 3310.43
Russian 610.08
Ukrainian 570.07
Polish 120.02
Georgian 70.01
Jewish 60.01
Belarusian 40.01
Greek 40.01
German 10.00
Italian 10.00
Other70.01
TOTAL76,538100.00

Kavkazskiy kalendar

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar , the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd had a population of 90,25on 14 January [ O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 47,399 men and 42,851 women, 88,496 of whom were the permanent population, and 1,754 were temporary residents. The statistics indicated the uezd to be overwhelmingly Shia Muslim with a significant Armenian minority: [14]

NationalityNumber%
Shia Muslims [c] 57,98264.25
Armenians 29,16532.32
Kurds 1,8612.06
Asiatic Christians 5980.66
Sunni Muslims [d] 5110.57
Russians 1220.14
Other Europeans 80.01
North Caucasians 30.00
TOTAL90,250100.00

Settlements

According to the 1897 census, there were 58 settlements in the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd with a population over 500 inhabitants. The religious composition of the settlements was as follows: [16]

NameFaithTOTAL
RussianRomanized Armenian Apostolic Muslim Armenian Catholic MaleFemaleBoth
Аг-АхмедAg-Akhmed (Axaməd)811435376811
Аг-кендAg-kend (Aghnjadzor)670373297670
АзадекAzadek (Azatek)731357394751
Айназур (Агавнадзор)Aynazur (Agavnadzor) (Aghavnadzor)776452399851
АлаклуAlaklu (Ələkli)740395372767
АлишарAlishar (Alışar)1,1255835421,125
Араб-ЕнгиджаArab-Yengija (Ərəbyengicə)652355297652
АргезArgez (abandoned)587323264587
АрпаArpa (Areni)545312267579
АхураAkhura (Axura)537309228537
БашкендBashkend (Vernashen)570317277594
БашнорашенBashnorashen (Sharur)132687504363867
ВармазиарVarmaziar (Vərməziyar)985516469985
Гасан-кендGasan-kend (Shatin)522278245523
ГергерGerger (Herher)5111,0477817811,562
ГиндевазGindevaz (Gndevaz)442163338267605
ГорсGors (Hors)1,1366544821,136
ДжульJul (Artavan)1,2146595551,214
ДудангаDudanga (Düdəngə)922507415922
Енгиджа (Енгиджа-Султан)Yengija (Yengija-Sultan) (Yengicə)2,0341,1509272,077
ЗейваZeyva (Zeyvə)600316284600
КабахлуKabakhly (Goghtanik)566312254566
КазулджаKazulja (abandoned)630357273630
КарагасанлуKaragasanlu (Qarahəsənli)777407372779
КараклухKaraklukh (Karaglukh)786417372789
КархунKarkhun (abandoned)334267601
КешишкендKeshishkend (Yeghegnadzor)1,2956886131,301
КештазKeshtaz (Çəmənli)355323369309678
Кийтул (Котур)Kiytul (Kotur) (Getap)735400371771
Кишляг-АббасKishlyag-Abbas (Qışlaqabbas)666365301666
Кущи (Кущи-Биляк)Kushchi (Kushchi-Bilyak) (Kechut)631326305631
Кущи-ДемурчиKushchi-Demurchi (Dəmirçi)1,8381,0338051,838
КяримбеклуKyarimbeklu (Kərimbəyli)847444403847
КюртчулуKyurtchulu (Kürçülü)610319291610
Малишка Malishka 1,2306736081,281
Мартирос Martiros 1,0225304921,022
Махмуд-кендMakhmud-kend (Mahmudkənd)609344265609
МахтаMakhta (Maxta)1,1866435441,187
МуганлуMuganlu (Muğanlı)608331277608
ОртакендOrtakend (Gladzor)686360343703
ПарчиParchi (absorbed by Xanlıqlar)105406263248511
ПашалуPashalu (Zaritap)682338383721
ПисианPisian (Püsyan)1,3547436111,354
СаллыSally (Salli)668363305668
СараглуSaraglu (abandoned)504269235504
СиягутSiyagut (Siyaqut)388281374333707
Тазакенд (Сардарабат)Tazakend (Sardarabat) (Təzəkənd)627349278627
Улия НорашенUliya Norashen (Oğlanqala)1,2286605941,254
ХаладжKhalaj (Xələc)598303295598
ХанлухлярKhanlukhlyar (Xanlıqlar)1,0235994911,090
Хачик Khachik 968515453968
ЧарчибоганCharchibogan (Çərçiboğan)933487446933
Чива Chiva 689355334689
ЧомахтурChomakhtur (Çomaxtur)1,0185304881,018
ШагриарShagriar (Şəhriyar)1,2276695581,227
ЭльпинElpin (Yelpin)708356352708
ЭрдапинErdapin (Artabuynk)530278252530
ЯйджиYayji (Yuxarı Yaycı)1,8469728741,846
TOTAL17,93831,10328126,98923,49650,485

Notes

  1. ↑
    • Russian: Шару́ро-Даралагёзскій уѣ́здъ, romanized: Sharúro-Daralagyózsky uyézd
    • Armenian: Շարուր-Դարալագյազի գավառ, romanized: Šarowr-Daralagyazi gavaṙ
    • Azerbaijani: شرور و درلاگس قضاسی, romanized: Şarūr-ü Daralāges qaz̤āsı, [1] or شرور و دارالاگز قضاسی, Şarūr-ü Dārālāgez qaz̤āsı [2]
  2. 1 2 Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani". [11] [12]
  3. ↑ Primarily Tatars. [15]
  4. ↑ Primarily Turco-Tatars. [15]

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References

  1. ↑ Кавказский календарь на 1855 годъ [Caucasian calendar for 1855] (in Russian, Armenian, Greek, and Azerbaijani). Tiflis: Office of the Caucasian Viceroy. 1854. p. 376 – via Google books.
  2. ↑ Sâmî, Şemseddîn (1889). قاموس الاعلام: تاریخ و جغرافیا لغاتنی و تعبیر اصحله كافه اسماء خاصه‌یی جامعدر (in Ottoman Turkish). Mihran Matbaası. pp. 840–841 – via Google Books.
  3. ↑ "НЭБ - Национальная электронная библиотека". rusneb.ru - Национальная электронная библиотека. Retrieved 2022-08-03.
  4. ↑ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 59.
  5. 1 2 Большой энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Шаруро-Даралагезский уезд [Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia Dictionary. Sharur-Daralagyoz Uyezd] (in Russian).
  6. ↑ Bournoutian, George A. (1992). The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers. p. 26. ISBN   9780939214181.
  7. ↑ "Административно-территориальные реформы на Кавказе в середине и во второй половине XIX века" [Administrative-territorial reforms in the Caucasus in the middle and second half of the 19th century] (in Russian).
  8. ↑ Tsutsiev 2014, pp. 71–76.
  9. ↑ Tsutsiev 2014.
  10. ↑ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 172–179.
  11. ↑ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
  12. ↑ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
  13. 1 2 "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  14. ↑ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 214–221.
  15. 1 2 Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
  16. ↑ Troinitsky, N. A. (1905). Населенные места Российской империи в 500 и более жителей с указанием всего наличного в них населения и числа жителей преобладающих вероисповеданий, по данным первой всеобщей переписи населения 1897 г. [Populated areas of the Russian Empire with 500 or more inhabitants, indicating the total population in them and the number of inhabitants of the predominant religions, according to the first general population census of 1897] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Obshchestvennaya polza. pp. 52–56. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022.

Bibliography

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