Erivan uezd

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Erivan uezd
Эриванскій уѣздъ
Coat of Arms of Erivan gubernia (Russian empire).png
Erivan Uyezd of Erivan Governorate.png
Location in the Erivan Governorate
Country Russian Empire
Viceroyalty Caucasus
Governorate Erivan
Established1840
Abolished1930
CapitalErivan
(present-day Yerevan)
Area
  Total3,100.42 km2 (1,197.08 sq mi)
Population
 (1916)
  Total205,617
  Density66/km2 (170/sq mi)
   Urban
24.94%
   Rural
75.06%

The Erivan uezd [lower-alpha 1] was a county ( uezd ) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the Etchmiadzin and Surmalu uezds to the west, the Nor Bayazet uezd to the east, the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd to the south, and Iran to the southwest. It included most of the Ararat Province and southern parts of the Kotayk Province of central Armenia, the Sadarak District of the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, and the Aras corridor of the Aralık District of the Iğdır Province of Turkey. The administrative center of the Erivan uezd was the city of Erivan (present-day Yerevan, the capital of Armenia). [1]

Contents

Economy

The population was engaged primarily in agricultural farming, gardening, and winemaking. Approximately 50% of the wine in the Erivan Governorate was produced in the Erivan uezd. According to statistical data, there were 129,120 great cattle in the uezd, which made up 11% of the cattle in the whole governorate. [2]

Geography

The northeastern part of the uezd was mountainous and rocky while the southwestern part consisted of steppes and plains. The southwestern part was watered by the Aras River with the lowest altitude of 2,667 ft (813 m) on the border with Sharur-Daralayaz uezd. The administrative center Erivan laid at 3,200 ft (980 m) above sea level, which was the highest point of the uezd. Among the rivers discharging into the Aras were the Zanga, the Garni-chay, and the Vedi-chay, which usually dried out during the summers and became active in the winters. [2]

History

The territory of the uezd had been a part of Persia's Erivan Khanate until 1828, when according to the Treaty of Turkmenchay, it was annexed to the Russian Empire. It was administered as part of the Armenian Oblast from 1828 to 1840. [3] In 1844, the Caucasus Viceroyalty was re-established, in which the territory of the Erivan uezd formed part of the Tiflis Governorate. In 1849, the Erivan Governorate was established, separate from the Tiflis Governorate. [4]

In 1918, the uezd became a part of the First Republic of Armenia, partially being occupied by the Ottoman army through much of 1918 as a result of the Treaty of Batum until its reincorporation into Armenian administration in the December of 1918. [5] Many of the Azerbaijanis in the southern rural portions of the uezd, particularly in centers including Böyük Vedi (Vedi), Davalu (Ararat) and Ulukhanlu–Zangibasar (Masis) after being prompted by Kemalist Turkish agents engaged in rebellion against the Armenian government, hostilities lasting from July 1919 until the Sovietization of Armenia.

After the establishment of Soviet power on 3 December 1920, most of the uezd formed part of the Armenian SSR, the center Erivan (Yerevan) serving as the new government's capital. [6] The southernmost parts of the uezd corresponding to the locality of Sadarak became the northernmost section of the new Nakhichevan ASSR of the Azerbaijan SSR and the outer southwestern strip of the uezd, corresponding to the Aras corridor on the west bank of the Aras river, was ceded to Turkey in accordance with the treaties of Moscow and Kars. [7] [8]

Administrative divisions

The subcounties ( uchastoks ) of the Erivan uezd in 1912 were as follows: [9]

UchastokRussian name1912 populationArea
1st1-й участокъ39,898718.98 square versts (818.24  km2 ; 315.93  sq mi )
2nd2-й участокъ41,074259.30 square versts (295.10  km2 ; 113.94  sq mi )
3rd3-й участокъ35,862632.92 square versts (720.30  km2 ; 278.11  sq mi )
4th4-й участокъ48,3341,113.10 square versts (1,266.78  km2 ; 489.11  sq mi )

Demographics

Russian Empire census (1897)

Native languages in the Erivan uezd in 1897

  Tatar (51.36%)
  Armenian (38.54%)
  Kurdish (5.43%)
  Russian (2.02%)
  Assyrian (1.52%)
  Other (1.13%)

According to the Russian Empire census of 1897, the Erivan uezd had a population of 150,879, including 82,899 men and 67,980 women. The majority of the population indicated Tatar (later known as Azerbaijani) to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian and Kurdish speaking minorities. [10]

Linguistic composition of the Erivan uezd in 1897 [10]
LanguageNative speakers%
Tatar [lower-alpha 2] 77,49151.36
Armenian 58,14838.54
Kurdish 8,1955.43
Russian 3,0522.02
Assyrian 2,2881.52
Ukrainian 6520.43
Jewish 3260.22
Polish 1960.13
Georgian 1520.10
German 800.05
Persian 760.05
Lithuanian 590.04
Greek 320.02
Belarusian 90.01
Italian 30.00
Mordovian 10.00
Turkish 10.00
Other1180.08
TOTAL150,879100.00

Caucasian Calendar (1917)

Nationalities in the Erivan uezd in 1916

  Armenians (52.01%)
  Shia Muslims (41.78%)
  Kurds (3.29%)
  Russians (1.21%)
  Asiatic Christians (0.93%)
  Others (0.78%)

According to the 1917 publication of the Caucasian Calendar, the Erivan uezd had 205,617 residents in 1916, including 108,228 men and 97,389 women, 157,100 of whom were the permanent population, and 48,517 were temporary residents. The statistics indicated an overwhelmingly Armenian population in the capital Erivan, with a significant Shia Muslim population, conversely, in the rural peripheries of the district, the population had a Shia Muslim plurality with a significant Armenian minority: [11]

Nationality Urban Rural TOTAL
Number%Number%Number%
Armenians 37,22372.5869,71045.17106,93352.01
Shia Muslims [lower-alpha 3] 12,55724.4873,34447.5285,90141.78
Kurds 390.086,7244.366,7633.29
Russians [lower-alpha 4] 1,0592.061,4350.932,4941.21
Asiatic Christians 00.001,9161.241,9160.93
Sunni Muslims [lower-alpha 5] 90.028310.548400.41
Jews 1960.38810.052770.13
Roma 00.002370.152370.12
Georgians 2030.4030.002060.10
North Caucasians 00.00500.03500.02
TOTAL51,286100.00154,331100.00205,617100.00

Settlements

According to the 1897 census, there were 82 settlements in the Erivan uezd with a population over 500 inhabitants. The religious composition of the settlements was as follows: [14]

NameFaithTOTAL
RussianRomanized Armenian Apostolic Muslim Eastern Orthodox Jewish MaleFemaleBoth
Авшар Avshar 1,1646085581,166
АгамзалуAgamzalu (Marmarashen)404376437351788
Агбаш НижнийAgbash Nizhniy (Arevshat)612325301626
АлимамедAlimamed (abandoned)965527438965
Арамус Aramus 1,1976435851,228
Арбат Arbat 671361310671
АрдашарArdashar (Verin Artashat)1,2886716281,299
Арзни Arzni 121537357301658
Ариндж Arinj 538279259538
АяслуAyaslu (Aygestan)537288256544
Баш-ГарниBash-Garni (Garni)1,5077947131,507
БашкендBashkend (Akunk)797443384827
БашналуBashnalu (Baghramyan)60070343330673
БекджигазлуBekjigazlu (Vostan)1,2606725981,270
Беюк-БоролонBeyuk-Borolon (abandoned)564277287564
Беюк-ВедиBeyuk-Vedi (Vedi)2,792151412842,798
Беюк-ДалулярBeyuk-Dalulyar (Dalar)750134461430891
БиралуBiralu (Lanjar)677374303677
Гаджи (Эйляз)Gaji (Eylyaz) (Darakert)1,4577626951,457
Гек-КилисаGek-Kilisa (Kaputan)5794244845191,003
Гель-АйсорGel-Aysor (abandoned)531230438338776
ГорсванGorsvan (unknown)530287243530
ГямризGyamriz (Kamaris)1,0835795181,097
ДавалуDavalu (Ararat)2,5596861,8401,5273,367
Даргалу НижнийDargalu Nizhniy (Aygezard)670360321681
Двин АйсорскийDvin Aysorskiy (Verin Dvin)76641378367745
Двин Армянский (Дугюн)Dvin Armyanskiy (Dugyun) (Dvin)508192342358700
Двин-Кюрд-КендDvin-Kyurd-Kend (Norashen)558280284564
ДжаткранJatkran (Geghashen)1,0845665191,085
Дживриш (Джервех)Jivrish (Jevrekh) (Jrvezh)43458271221492
Джирманис (Келани)Jirmanis (Kelani) (abandoned)853475378853
ДонгузьянDonguzyan (Zorak)1,0775645131,077
Елгован (Парцаби)Yelgovan (Partsabi) (Kotayk)555300270570
ЗанджирлуZanjirlu (abandoned)1,5878787091,587
Зар Zar 3867576165271,143
ИманшалуImanshalu (Mkhchyan)1,1706135641,177
КадылуKadylu (Lanjanist)588353235588
КамарлуKamarlu (Artashat)1,9871,2519332,184
КамарлуKamarlu (absorbed by Artashat)73495473360833
КанакирKanakir (Kanaker)1,6261691,1756521,827
Карабагляр Нижний (Чиманкенд)Karabaglyar Nizhny (Chimankend) (Urtsadzor)1,2606975631,260
КарагамзалуKaragamzalu (Burastan)525246406365771
КаракишлягKarakishlyag (Hayanist)1,0075504571,007
КараларKaralar (Aralez)569311264575
КарахачKarakhach (Lusashogh)4165895314741,005
КашхаKashka (Vardashat)554286268554
Кешиш-ВеранKeshish-Veran (Urtsalanj)544302242544
Кичик-ВедиKichik-Vedi (Pokr Vedi)971505466971
Кичик-Далуляр (Гедаклу)Kichik-Dalulyar (Gedaklu) (Mrgavan)836418418836
Койласар НижнийKoylasar Nizhniy (Dimitrov)124592389346735
КямалKyamal (abandoned)597298299597
КюллуджаKyulluja (Zovk)524285239524
МасумлуMasumlu (Aygepat)507255252507
Неджилу ВерхнийNejilu Verkhniy (Nizami)791425366791
Неджилу НижнийNejilu Nizhniy (Sayat Nova)1,1786335451,178
НоврузлуNovruzlu (abandoned)1,0921807016431,344
Нурнус Nurnus 550305245550
ОгурбеклуOgurbeklu (Berkanush)456110293287580
СабунчиSabunchi (Araksavan)1,0005414591,000
Садарак Sadarak 4,8262,7122,1304,842
Сарванляр-УлияSarvanlyar-Uliya (Sis)953544409953
ТазакендTazakend (Ayntap)899479440919
Тазакенд (Норашен)Tazakend (Norashen) (abandoned)580296284580
ТеджирабатTejirabat (Dzoraghbyur)604307297604
ТоханшалуTokhanshalu (absorbed by Masis)543285258543
ТутияTutiya (Saranist)568300268568
УлуханлуUlukhanlu (Masis)2,7571,5181,2392,757
ХалисаKhalisa (Noyakert)1,1656195461,165
ХачапарахKhachaparakh (Khachpar)1,0595614981,059
Чанахчи НижнийChanakhchi Nizhniy (Zangakatun)1,1296255041,129
ЧикдамлуChikdamlu (Azatavan)1,1221356795781,257
ЧинаханлуChinakhanlu (abandoned)698389309698
ШагаблуShagablu (Shaghap)853475378853
ШагаблуShagablu (Mayakovski)519265254519
ШидлуShidlu (Yeghegnavan)992529463992
Ширабат (Паракар)Shirabat (Parakar) (Parakar)662326340666
ШихлярShikhlyar (Lusarat)790394396790
Шорлу-ДемурчиShorlu-Demurchi (Darbnik)1,3607406201,360
Шорлу-МехмандарShorlu-Mekhmandar (Hovtashat)1,8241,0008241,824
ЭйлярEylyar (Abovyan)505257248505
ЭриваньErivan (Yerevan)12,52612,5162,92917,32811,67829,006
ЮваYuva (Shahumyan)1,9051,0569231,979
TOTAL51,65854,2315,0989562,47450,449112,923

Notes

  1. Later known as Azerbaijani.
  2. Primarily Tatars, [12] later known as Azerbaijanis. [13]
  3. The Caucasian Calendar did not distinguish between Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians.
  4. Primarily Turco-Tatars. [12]

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References

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  10. 1 2 "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  11. Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. pp. 214–221. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
  12. 1 2 Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
  13. Bournoutian 2015, p. 35.
  14. Troinitsky, N. A. (1905). Населенные места Российской империи в 500 и более жителей с указанием всего наличного в них населения и числа жителей преобладающих вероисповеданий, по данным первой всеобщей переписи населения 1897 г. [Populated areas of the Russian Empire with 500 or more inhabitants, indicating the total population in them and the number of inhabitants of the predominant religions, according to the first general population census of 1897] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Tipografiya Obshchestvennaya polza. pp. 52–56. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022.

Bibliography

Coordinates: 40°10′53″N44°30′52″E / 40.18139°N 44.51444°E / 40.18139; 44.51444