Erivan uezd Эриванский уезд | |
---|---|
Country | Russian Empire |
Viceroyalty | Caucasus |
Governorate | Erivan |
Established | 1840 |
Abolished | 1930 |
Capital | Erivan (present-day Yerevan) |
Area | |
• Total | 3,100.42 km2 (1,197.08 sq mi) |
Population (1916) | |
• Total | 205,617 |
• Density | 66/km2 (170/sq mi) |
• Urban | 24.94% |
• Rural | 75.06% |
The Erivan uezd [a] was a county ( uezd ) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the Etchmiadzin and Surmalu uezds to the west, the Nor Bayazet uezd to the east, the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd to the south, and Iran to the southwest. It included most of the Ararat Province and southern parts of the Kotayk Province of central Armenia, the Sadarak District of the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, and the Aras corridor of the Aralık District of the Iğdır Province of Turkey. The administrative centre of the county was the city of Erivan (present-day Yerevan, the capital of Armenia). [1]
The population was engaged primarily in agricultural farming, gardening, and winemaking. Approximately 50% of the wine in the Erivan Governorate was produced in the Erivan uezd. According to statistical data, there were 129,120 great cattle in the uezd, which made up 11% of the cattle in the whole governorate. [2]
The northeastern part of the uezd was mountainous and rocky while the southwestern part consisted of steppes and plains. The southwestern part was watered by the Aras River with the lowest altitude of 2,667 ft (813 m) on the border with Sharur-Daralayaz uezd. The administrative center Erivan laid at 3,200 ft (980 m) above sea level, which was the highest point of the uezd. Among the rivers discharging into the Aras were the Zanga, the Garni-chay, and the Vedi-chay, which usually dried out during the summers and became active in the winters. [2]
The territory of the uezd had been a part of Persia's Erivan Khanate until 1828, when according to the Treaty of Turkmenchay, it was annexed to the Russian Empire. It was administered as part of the Armenian Oblast from 1828 to 1840. [3] In 1844, the Caucasus Viceroyalty was re-established, in which the territory of the Erivan uezd formed part of the Tiflis Governorate. In 1849, the Erivan Governorate was established, separate from the Tiflis Governorate. [4]
In 1918, the uezd became a part of the First Republic of Armenia, partially being occupied by the Ottoman army through much of 1918 as a result of the Treaty of Batum until its reincorporation into Armenian administration in the December of 1918. [5] Many of the Azerbaijanis in the southern rural portions of the uezd, particularly in centers including Böyük Vedi (Vedi), Davalu (Ararat) and Ulukhanlu–Zangibasar (Masis) after being prompted by Kemalist Turkish agents engaged in rebellion against the Armenian government, hostilities lasting from July 1919 until the Sovietization of Armenia.
After the establishment of Soviet power on 3 December 1920, most of the uezd formed part of the Armenian SSR, the center Erivan (Yerevan) serving as the new government's capital. [6] The southernmost parts of the uezd corresponding to the locality of Sadarak became the northernmost section of the new Nakhichevan ASSR of the Azerbaijan SSR and the outer southwestern strip of the uezd, corresponding to the Aras corridor on the west bank of the Aras river, was ceded to Turkey in accordance with the treaties of Moscow and Kars. [7] [8]
The subcounties ( uchastoks ) of the Erivan uezd in 1913 were as follows: [9]
Name | 1912 population | Area |
---|---|---|
1-y uchastok (1-й участок) | 39,898 | 718.98 square versts (818.24 km2 ; 315.93 sq mi ) |
2-y uchastok (2-й участок) | 41,074 | 259.30 square versts (295.10 km2 ; 113.94 sq mi ) |
3-y uchastok (3-й участок) | 35,862 | 632.92 square versts (720.30 km2 ; 278.11 sq mi ) |
4-y uchastok (4-й участок) | 48,334 | 1,113.10 square versts (1,266.78 km2 ; 489.11 sq mi ) |
According to the Russian Empire Census, the Erivan uezd had a population of 150,879 on 28 January [ O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 82,899 men and 67,980 women. The majority of the population indicated Tatar [b] to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian and Kurdish speaking minorities. [12]
Language | Native speakers | % |
---|---|---|
Tatar [b] | 77,491 | 51.36 |
Armenian | 58,148 | 38.54 |
Kurdish | 8,195 | 5.43 |
Russian | 3,052 | 2.02 |
Assyrian | 2,288 | 1.52 |
Ukrainian | 652 | 0.43 |
Jewish | 326 | 0.22 |
Polish | 196 | 0.13 |
Georgian | 152 | 0.10 |
German | 80 | 0.05 |
Persian | 76 | 0.05 |
Lithuanian | 59 | 0.04 |
Greek | 32 | 0.02 |
Belarusian | 9 | 0.01 |
Italian | 3 | 0.00 |
Mordovian | 1 | 0.00 |
Turkish | 1 | 0.00 |
Other | 118 | 0.08 |
TOTAL | 150,879 | 100.00 |
According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar , the Erivan uezd had a population of 205,617 on 14 January [ O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 108,228 men and 97,389 women, 157,100 of whom were the permanent population, and 48,517 were temporary residents. The statistics indicated an overwhelmingly Armenian population in the capital Erivan, with a significant Shia Muslim population, conversely, in the rural peripheries of the district, the population had a Shia Muslim plurality with a significant Armenian minority: [13]
Nationality | Urban | Rural | TOTAL | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Armenians | 37,223 | 72.58 | 69,710 | 45.17 | 106,933 | 52.01 |
Shia Muslims [c] | 12,557 | 24.48 | 73,344 | 47.52 | 85,901 | 41.78 |
Kurds | 39 | 0.08 | 6,724 | 4.36 | 6,763 | 3.29 |
Russians | 1,059 | 2.06 | 1,435 | 0.93 | 2,494 | 1.21 |
Asiatic Christians | 0 | 0.00 | 1,916 | 1.24 | 1,916 | 0.93 |
Sunni Muslims [d] | 9 | 0.02 | 831 | 0.54 | 840 | 0.41 |
Jews | 196 | 0.38 | 81 | 0.05 | 277 | 0.13 |
Roma | 0 | 0.00 | 237 | 0.15 | 237 | 0.12 |
Georgians | 203 | 0.40 | 3 | 0.00 | 206 | 0.10 |
North Caucasians | 0 | 0.00 | 50 | 0.03 | 50 | 0.02 |
TOTAL | 51,286 | 100.00 | 154,331 | 100.00 | 205,617 | 100.00 |
According to the 1897 census, there were 82 settlements in the Erivan uezd with a population over 500 inhabitants. The religious composition of the settlements was as follows: [15]
Name | Faith | TOTAL | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Russian | Romanized | Armenian Apostolic | Muslim | Eastern Orthodox | Jewish | Male | Female | Both |
Авшар | Avshar | 1,164 | 608 | 558 | 1,166 | |||
Агамзалу | Agamzalu (Marmarashen) | 404 | 376 | 437 | 351 | 788 | ||
Агбаш Нижний | Agbash Nizhniy (Arevshat) | 612 | 325 | 301 | 626 | |||
Алимамед | Alimamed (abandoned) | 965 | 527 | 438 | 965 | |||
Арамус | Aramus | 1,197 | 643 | 585 | 1,228 | |||
Арбат | Arbat | 671 | 361 | 310 | 671 | |||
Ардашар | Ardashar (Verin Artashat) | 1,288 | 671 | 628 | 1,299 | |||
Арзни | Arzni | 121 | 537 | 357 | 301 | 658 | ||
Ариндж | Arinj | 538 | 279 | 259 | 538 | |||
Аяслу | Ayaslu (Aygestan) | 537 | 288 | 256 | 544 | |||
Баш-Гарни | Bash-Garni (Garni) | 1,507 | 794 | 713 | 1,507 | |||
Башкенд | Bashkend (Akunk) | 797 | 443 | 384 | 827 | |||
Башналу | Bashnalu (Baghramyan) | 600 | 70 | 343 | 330 | 673 | ||
Бекджигазлу | Bekjigazlu (Vostan) | 1,260 | 672 | 598 | 1,270 | |||
Беюк-Боролон | Beyuk-Borolon (abandoned) | 564 | 277 | 287 | 564 | |||
Беюк-Веди | Beyuk-Vedi (Vedi) | 2,792 | 1514 | 1284 | 2,798 | |||
Беюк-Далуляр | Beyuk-Dalulyar (Dalar) | 750 | 134 | 461 | 430 | 891 | ||
Биралу | Biralu (Lanjar) | 677 | 374 | 303 | 677 | |||
Гаджи (Эйляз) | Gaji (Eylyaz) (Darakert) | 1,457 | 762 | 695 | 1,457 | |||
Гек-Килиса | Gek-Kilisa (Kaputan) | 579 | 424 | 484 | 519 | 1,003 | ||
Гель-Айсор | Gel-Aysor (abandoned) | 531 | 230 | 438 | 338 | 776 | ||
Горсван | Gorsvan (unknown) | 530 | 287 | 243 | 530 | |||
Гямриз | Gyamriz (Kamaris) | 1,083 | 579 | 518 | 1,097 | |||
Давалу | Davalu (Ararat) | 2,559 | 686 | 1,840 | 1,527 | 3,367 | ||
Даргалу Нижний | Dargalu Nizhniy (Aygezard) | 670 | 360 | 321 | 681 | |||
Двин Айсорский | Dvin Aysorskiy (Verin Dvin) | 76 | 641 | 378 | 367 | 745 | ||
Двин Армянский (Дугюн) | Dvin Armyanskiy (Dugyun) (Dvin) | 508 | 192 | 342 | 358 | 700 | ||
Двин-Кюрд-Кенд | Dvin-Kyurd-Kend (Norashen) | 558 | 280 | 284 | 564 | |||
Джаткран | Jatkran (Geghashen) | 1,084 | 566 | 519 | 1,085 | |||
Дживриш (Джервех) | Jivrish (Jevrekh) (Jrvezh) | 434 | 58 | 271 | 221 | 492 | ||
Джирманис (Келани) | Jirmanis (Kelani) (abandoned) | 853 | 475 | 378 | 853 | |||
Донгузьян | Donguzyan (Zorak) | 1,077 | 564 | 513 | 1,077 | |||
Елгован (Парцаби) | Yelgovan (Partsabi) (Kotayk) | 555 | 300 | 270 | 570 | |||
Занджирлу | Zanjirlu (abandoned) | 1,587 | 878 | 709 | 1,587 | |||
Зар | Zar | 386 | 757 | 616 | 527 | 1,143 | ||
Иманшалу | Imanshalu (Mkhchyan) | 1,170 | 613 | 564 | 1,177 | |||
Кадылу | Kadylu (Lanjanist) | 588 | 353 | 235 | 588 | |||
Камарлу | Kamarlu (Artashat) | 1,987 | 1,251 | 933 | 2,184 | |||
Камарлу | Kamarlu (absorbed by Artashat) | 734 | 95 | 473 | 360 | 833 | ||
Канакир | Kanakir (Kanaker) | 1,626 | 169 | 1,175 | 652 | 1,827 | ||
Карабагляр Нижний (Чиманкенд) | Karabaglyar Nizhny (Chimankend) (Urtsadzor) | 1,260 | 697 | 563 | 1,260 | |||
Карагамзалу | Karagamzalu (Burastan) | 525 | 246 | 406 | 365 | 771 | ||
Каракишляг | Karakishlyag (Hayanist) | 1,007 | 550 | 457 | 1,007 | |||
Каралар | Karalar (Aralez) | 569 | 311 | 264 | 575 | |||
Карахач | Karakhach (Lusashogh) | 416 | 589 | 531 | 474 | 1,005 | ||
Кашха | Kashka (Vardashat) | 554 | 286 | 268 | 554 | |||
Кешиш-Веран | Keshish-Veran (Urtsalanj) | 544 | 302 | 242 | 544 | |||
Кичик-Веди | Kichik-Vedi (Pokr Vedi) | 971 | 505 | 466 | 971 | |||
Кичик-Далуляр (Гедаклу) | Kichik-Dalulyar (Gedaklu) (Mrgavan) | 836 | 418 | 418 | 836 | |||
Койласар Нижний | Koylasar Nizhniy (Dimitrov) | 124 | 592 | 389 | 346 | 735 | ||
Кямал | Kyamal (abandoned) | 597 | 298 | 299 | 597 | |||
Кюллуджа | Kyulluja (Zovk) | 524 | 285 | 239 | 524 | |||
Масумлу | Masumlu (Aygepat) | 507 | 255 | 252 | 507 | |||
Неджилу Верхний | Nejilu Verkhniy (Nizami) | 791 | 425 | 366 | 791 | |||
Неджилу Нижний | Nejilu Nizhniy (Sayat Nova) | 1,178 | 633 | 545 | 1,178 | |||
Новрузлу | Novruzlu (abandoned) | 1,092 | 180 | 701 | 643 | 1,344 | ||
Нурнус | Nurnus | 550 | 305 | 245 | 550 | |||
Огурбеклу | Ogurbeklu (Berkanush) | 456 | 110 | 293 | 287 | 580 | ||
Сабунчи | Sabunchi (Araksavan) | 1,000 | 541 | 459 | 1,000 | |||
Садарак | Sadarak | 4,826 | 2,712 | 2,130 | 4,842 | |||
Сарванляр-Улия | Sarvanlyar-Uliya (Sis) | 953 | 544 | 409 | 953 | |||
Тазакенд | Tazakend (Ayntap) | 899 | 479 | 440 | 919 | |||
Тазакенд (Норашен) | Tazakend (Norashen) (abandoned) | 580 | 296 | 284 | 580 | |||
Теджирабат | Tejirabat (Dzoraghbyur) | 604 | 307 | 297 | 604 | |||
Тоханшалу | Tokhanshalu (absorbed by Masis) | 543 | 285 | 258 | 543 | |||
Тутия | Tutiya (Saranist) | 568 | 300 | 268 | 568 | |||
Улуханлу | Ulukhanlu (Masis) | 2,757 | 1,518 | 1,239 | 2,757 | |||
Халиса | Khalisa (Noyakert) | 1,165 | 619 | 546 | 1,165 | |||
Хачапарах | Khachaparakh (Khachpar) | 1,059 | 561 | 498 | 1,059 | |||
Чанахчи Нижний | Chanakhchi Nizhniy (Zangakatun) | 1,129 | 625 | 504 | 1,129 | |||
Чикдамлу | Chikdamlu (Azatavan) | 1,122 | 135 | 679 | 578 | 1,257 | ||
Чинаханлу | Chinakhanlu (abandoned) | 698 | 389 | 309 | 698 | |||
Шагаблу | Shagablu (Shaghap) | 853 | 475 | 378 | 853 | |||
Шагаблу | Shagablu (Mayakovski) | 519 | 265 | 254 | 519 | |||
Шидлу | Shidlu (Yeghegnavan) | 992 | 529 | 463 | 992 | |||
Ширабат (Паракар) | Shirabat (Parakar) (Parakar) | 662 | 326 | 340 | 666 | |||
Шихляр | Shikhlyar (Lusarat) | 790 | 394 | 396 | 790 | |||
Шорлу-Демурчи | Shorlu-Demurchi (Darbnik) | 1,360 | 740 | 620 | 1,360 | |||
Шорлу-Мехмандар | Shorlu-Mekhmandar (Hovtashat) | 1,824 | 1,000 | 824 | 1,824 | |||
Эйляр | Eylyar (Abovyan) | 505 | 257 | 248 | 505 | |||
Эривань | Erivan (Yerevan) | 12,526 | 12,516 | 2,929 | 17,328 | 11,678 | 29,006 | |
Юва | Yuva (Shahumyan) | 1,905 | 1,056 | 923 | 1,979 | |||
TOTAL | 51,658 | 54,231 | 5,098 | 95 | 62,474 | 50,449 | 112,923 |
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The Kazakh uezd was a county (uezd) of the Elizavetpol Governorate of the Russian Empire and later of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic with its center in Kazakh from 1868 until its formal abolition in 1929 by the Soviet authorities of the Azerbaijan SSR. The area of the Kazakh uezd forms a large part of the modern-day Tavush Province and a small northeastern part of the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia, also forming most of the area of the Agstafa, Tovuz and Qazax districts of Azerbaijan.
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The Etchmiadzin uezd was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the Alexandropol uezd to the north, the Nor Bayazet uezd to the east, Erivan uezd to the north, the Surmalu uezd to the south, and the Kars Oblast to the west. It included all of the Armavir Province and most of the Aragatsotn Province of present-day Armenia. The administrative centre of the county was Vagorshapat (Vagharshapat), also referred to as Etchmiadzin—the administrative capital of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
The Baku uezd was a county (uezd) within the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire and then of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929. The uezd was located in the eastern part of the Baku Governorate, bordering Caspian Sea to the east, Shemakha uezd to the west, Kuba uezd to the north and Lenkoran uezd to the south. The administrative center of the uezd was the village Sarai.
The Shemakha uezd was a county (uezd) within the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire, and then of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929. The county was located in the central part of the Baku Governorate, bordering the Javad uezd to the south, Baku uezd to the east, Geokchay uezd to the west and Kuba uezd to the north. The administrative centre of the county was the city of Shemakha.
The Geokchay uezd was a county (uezd) of the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire and then of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929. The uezd was located in the central part of the governorate, bordering the Kuba uezd to the north, the Shemakha uezd to the east, the Javad uezd to the south and the Elizavetpol Governorate to the west. The administrative center of the uezd was the city of Geokchay.
The Akhalkalaki uezd was a county (uezd) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative centre in Akhalkalak. The county bordered the Gori uezd to the north, the Borchaly uezd to the east, the Alexandropol uezd of the Erivan Governorate and the Kars and Ardahan okrugs of the Kars Oblast to the south, and the Akhaltsikhe uezd to the west. The area of the county corresponded to part of the contemporary Samtskhe–Javakheti region of Georgia.
The Telavi uezd was a county (uezd) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative center in Telavi. The area of the county corresponded to part of the contemporary Kakheti region of Georgia.
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The Kutaisi uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kutaisi Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Akhaltsikhe uezd of the Tiflis Governorate to the south, the Ozurgeti and Senaki uezds to the west, the Lechkhumi and Racha uezds to the north, and the Shorapani uezd to the east. The area of the uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Imereti region of Georgia. The Kutaisi uezd was eponymously named for its administrative center, Kutais.
The Lechkhumi uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kutaisi Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Terek and Kuban oblasts to the north, the Sukhumi Okrug to the west, the Zugdidi, Senaki, and Kutais uezds to the south and the Racha uezd to the east. The area of the uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region of Georgia. The administrative center of the Lechkhumi uezd was the town of Tsageri.
The Senaki uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kutaisi Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Zugdidi uezd to the west, the Lechkhumi uezd to the north, the Kutaisi uezd to the east, and the Ozurgeti uezd to the south. The area of the uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region of Georgia. The Senaki uezd was eponymously named for its administrative center, Senaki.