Simeticone

Last updated
Simeticone
Simethicone structure.svg
Clinical data
Trade names Infacol, Wind-eze, WindSetlers, many others
Other namessimethicone [1] (USAN US)
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
Pregnancy
category
  • C
Routes of
administration 		Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability None
Protein binding 0%
Metabolism Not metabolized
Elimination half-life N/A
Excretion Feces
Identifiers
  • Poly(dimethylsiloxane), silicon dioxide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
  • None
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard 100.107.016 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Chemical and physical data
Formula (C2H6OSi)n · (SiO2)m
Molar mass Variable
 X mark.svgNYes check.svgY  (what is this?)    (verify)

Simeticone (INN), also known as simethicone (USAN), is an anti-foaming agent used to reduce bloating, discomfort or pain caused by excessive gas.

Contents

Medical uses

Simethicone tablets Simethiconetablets.jpg
Simethicone tablets

Simeticone is used to relieve the symptoms of excessive gas in the gastrointestinal tract, namely bloating, burping, and flatulence. [2] [3] While there is a lack of conclusive evidence that simeticone is effective for this use,⁣ [4] [5] [ failed verification ] studies have shown that it can relieve symptoms of functional dyspepsia [6] and functional bloating. [7]

It has not been fully established that simeticone is useful to treat colic in babies, [8] and it is not recommended for this purpose. [5] A study in the United Kingdom reported that according to parental perception simeticone helped infant colic in some cases. [9]

Simeticone can also be used for suspected postoperative abdominal discomfort in infants. [10]

Side effects

Simeticone does not have any serious side effects. [11] Two uncommon side effects (occurring in 1 in 100 to 1 in 1,000 patients) are constipation and nausea. [12]

Pharmacology

Simeticone is a non-systemic surfactant which decreases the surface tension of gas bubbles in the GI tract. [11] This allows gas bubbles to leave the GI tract as flatulence or belching. [11] Simeticone does not reduce or prevent the formation of gas. [13] Its effectiveness has been shown in several in vitro studies. [14] [15]

Chemistry

Simethicone is a mixture of dimethicone and silicon dioxide. [16]

Names

The INN name is "simeticone", which was added to the INN recommended list in 1999. [17]

Simeticone is marketed under many brand names and in many combination drugs; it is also marketed as a veterinary drug. [18]

Brands

Brand names include A.F., Acid Off, Aero Red, Aero-OM, Aero-Sim, Aerocol, Aerox, Aesim, Aflat, Air-X, Anaflat, Antiflat, Baby Rest, Bicarsim, Bicarsim Forte, Blow-X, Bobotic, Bobotik, Carbogasol, Colic E, Colin, Cuplaton, Degas, Dentinox, Dermatix, Digesta, Dimetikon Meda, Disflatyl, Disolgas, Elugan N, Elzym, Endo-Paractol, Enterosilicona, Espaven Antigas, Espumisan, Espumisan L, Flacol, Flapex, Flatidyl, Flatoril, Flatulex, Flucolic, Gas X, Gas-X, Gaselab, Gaseoflat, Gaseoflatex, Gaseophar, Gaseoplus, Gaseovet, Gaservol, Gasimetin, Gasnil, Gasofilm, Gastrex, Gastrosen, Gazim X, Gazix, Geludrox-HS, Genasyme, Ilio-Funkton, Imogas, Imogaze, Imonogas, Infacalm, Infacol, Infacolic, Lefax, Lefaxin, Lefoam, Logastin, Luftal, Maxi Flat, Meteosim, Metiorisan, Metsil, Mylanta, Mylicon, Mylicongas, Mylom, Mymus, Nanog, Neodrop, Neogasol, Neolanta, Orocure, Ovol, Pedicon, Phazin, Phazyme, Restime, Rugby Gas Relief, Sab Simplex, Salinal, Semecon, Semeth, Sicongast, Siflat, Silbione, Siligas, Silipin, Sim, Simcone, Simecon, Simecrin, Simedill, Simegut, Simet, Simethicon, Simethicone, Simetic, Simeticon, Simeticona, Simeticone, Siméticone, Simeticonum, Simetigast, Simflat, Simicol, Simicon, Wilcon, Wind-eze and WindSetlers. [18]

It is also marketed as a combination drug: [18]

  • with algeldrate as Kestomatine
  • with aluminium or magnesium salts and in some cases both, as Alamag Plus, Almacone, Alposim, Aluphagel, Alutop, Amico-L Andursil, Axcel Eviline, Boots Wind Relief, Di-Gel, Diovol Plus, Diovol Plus AF, Gas Ban DS, Hydrosil, Iosopan Plus, Kremil, Kremil-S, Maalox Plus, Mi-Acid, Mygel, Mylagen, Polysilane Delalande, Rumibex and Trial AG
  • with alverine as Avarin, Meteospasmyl, Nady-Spasmyl
  • with barium sulfate as Bario Dif
  • with bismuth as Gastop
  • with calcium carbonate as Flamints, Gaseoflatex Plus, Malugel, Titralac Plus
  • with activated charcoal as Carbosylane, Clingest, Finigax. Flatuna
  • with cinitapride as Rogastril Plus
  • with clebopride as Flatoril
  • with dicycloverine as Cloact, Colicspam, Colimix, Colispas, Coliza-D, Cyclopam, Fri-Spas, Meftal Spas, Respas, Simcomine, Spasact, Spasmindon DPS
  • with domperidone as Bigetric, Dom Simecon, Doprokin-S, Glomoti, Moperidona AF, Mutecium, Praxis
  • with hydrotalcite as Altacide and Talsil Forte
  • with homatropine as Aero-Sim Compuesto, Asestor, Factor AG, Sedotropina Flat
  • with lactulose as Dinolak
  • with levonorgestrel as Jaydess
  • with loperamide as Eldoper Plus, Imodium Duo, Imolopesim, Loperamide HCl/Dimeticon, Loperuma, Lositala, Losiwuto, Regulane AF, Stoperan Plus, Toban F Plus
  • with magaldrate as Aci Basic, Aci-Tip, Acicone-S, Acid-Farvet, Acifin, Amalset, Antiax, Asidrat, Assis, Avicid, Banacid-s, Buenox, Cremalon, Curecid, Digax, Digeril, Endcid, Gaseovet MS, Gastrine, Gastrogel, Gastroral, Gastrorapid, Magacid, Magal-D, Magalat, Magaldrato+Simeticona, Magaldrax, Maganta Plus, Magsilon, Marlox Plus, Megacil Plus, Megalrat Plus, Minicidez, Miopan Plus, Novelta, Oxecone-MS, Riopan Plus, Rolac Plus, Sedo Mag, Simagal, Simelgat Plus, Taimacon, Zymcon
  • with metoclopramide as Anaflat Compuesto, Di-Aero OM, Digespar, Factorine, Pangastren
  • with mosapride as M-Pride-MPS, Moxar, Moza MPS
  • with pancreatin as Anaflat Enzimático, Digenil, Digesflat, Enzym Lefax, Enzymet, Enzymin, fermento duodenal, Finigax Indigestion, Flaton, Flazymec, Gasflat, Gaszym, Gesdyp, Hazmolin, Komflat, MeteoZym, Pankreoflat, Tripanzym
  • with papaverine as Espasmo Siligas
  • with pinaverium as Alevian Duo, Pladuet, Planex
  • with pipenzolate bromide as Cadinol, Gasorbol Gotas
  • with phloroglucinol as Meteoxane
  • with trimebutine as Eumotil-S, Eumotrix Plus, Libertrim SDP, Libertrim SII, Muvett S
  • with urea as Hidribet.

It is also marketed as a veterinary drug under the brands Birp and Methysilox.

Related Research Articles

Flatulence, in humans, is the expulsion of gas from the intestines via the anus, commonly referred to as farting. "Flatus" is the medical word for gas generated in the stomach or bowels. A proportion of intestinal gas may be swallowed environmental air, and hence flatus is not entirely generated in the stomach or bowels. The scientific study of this area of medicine is termed flatology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constipation</span> Bowel dysfunction

Constipation is a bowel dysfunction that makes bowel movements infrequent or hard to pass. The stool is often hard and dry. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, and feeling as if one has not completely passed the bowel movement. Complications from constipation may include hemorrhoids, anal fissure or fecal impaction. The normal frequency of bowel movements in adults is between three per day and three per week. Babies often have three to four bowel movements per day while young children typically have two to three per day.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), also known as disorders of gut–brain interaction, include a number of separate idiopathic disorders which affect different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and involve visceral hypersensitivity and motility disturbances.

Burping is the release of gas from the upper digestive tract of animals through the mouth. It is usually audible.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ileus</span> Medical condition

Ileus is a disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the intestine. It can be caused by lack of peristalsis or by mechanical obstruction. The word 'ileus' is from Ancient Greek eileós. The term 'subileus' refers to a partial obstruction.

Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia or upset stomach, is a condition of impaired digestion. Symptoms may include upper abdominal fullness, heartburn, nausea, belching, or upper abdominal pain. People may also experience feeling full earlier than expected when eating. Indigestion is relatively common, affecting 20% of people at some point during their life, and is frequently caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastritis.

A gastrointestinal cocktail,, is a mixture of medications used to treat symptoms of dyspepsia The GI cocktail generally contains a mixture of viscous lidocaine, an antacid, and an anticholinergic. The GI cocktail is commonly prescribed in the hospital or emergency department, and has been used to help distinguish chest pain as either gastrointestinal or cardiac. While it has been widely used in the treatment of dyspepsia, studies have suggested that the GI cocktail is only as effective as antacids alone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baby colic</span> Medical condition

Baby colic, also known as infantile colic, is defined as episodes of crying for more than three hours a day, for more than three days a week, for three weeks in an otherwise healthy child. Often crying occurs in the evening. It typically does not result in long-term problems. The crying can result in frustration of the parents, depression following delivery, excess visits to the doctor, and child abuse.

Abdominal bloating is a short-term disease that affects the gastrointestinal tract. Bloating is generally characterized by an excess buildup of gas, air or fluids in the stomach. A person may have feelings of tightness, pressure or fullness in the stomach; it may or may not be accompanied by a visibly distended abdomen. Bloating can affect anyone of any age range and is usually self-diagnosed, in most cases does not require serious medical attention or treatment. Although this term is usually used interchangeably with abdominal distension, these symptoms probably have different pathophysiological processes, which are not fully understood.

An antiflatulent agent is a drug used for the alleviation or prevention of excessive intestinal gas, i.e., flatulence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abdominal distension</span> Physical symptom

Abdominal distension occurs when substances, such as air (gas) or fluid, accumulate in the abdomen causing its expansion. It is typically a symptom of an underlying disease or dysfunction in the body, rather than an illness in its own right. People with this condition often describe it as "feeling bloated". Affected people often experience a sensation of fullness, abdominal pressure, and sometimes nausea, pain, or cramping. In the most extreme cases, upward pressure on the diaphragm and lungs can also cause shortness of breath. Through a variety of causes, bloating is most commonly due to buildup of gas in the stomach, small intestine, or colon. The pressure sensation is often relieved, or at least lessened, by belching or flatulence. Medications that settle gas in the stomach and intestines are also commonly used to treat the discomfort and lessen the abdominal distension.

Postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) describes the presence of abdominal symptoms after a cholecystectomy.

The Rome process and Rome criteria are an international effort to create scientific data to help in the diagnosis and treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia and rumination syndrome. The Rome diagnostic criteria are set forth by Rome Foundation, a not for profit 501(c)(3) organization based in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lubiprostone</span> Medication used for constipation

Lubiprostone, sold under the brand name Amitiza among others, is a medication used in the management of chronic idiopathic constipation, predominantly irritable bowel syndrome-associated constipation in women and opioid-induced constipation. The drug is owned by Mallinckrodt and is marketed by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mosapride</span> Chemical compound

Mosapride is a gastroprokinetic agent that acts as a selective 5HT4 agonist. The major active metabolite of mosapride, known as M1, additionally acts as a 5HT3 antagonist, which accelerates gastric emptying throughout the whole of the gastrointestinal tract in humans, and is used for the treatment of gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. It is recommended to be taken on an empty stomach (i.e. at least one hour before food or two hours after food).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Itopride</span> Chemical compound

Itopride (INN; brand name Ganaton) is a prokinetic benzamide derivative. These drugs inhibit dopamine and acetylcholine esterase enzyme and have a gastrokinetic effect. Itopride is indicated for the treatment of functional dyspepsia and other gastrointestinal conditions. It is a combined D2 receptor antagonist and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

Alverine is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders. Alverine is a smooth muscle relaxant. Smooth muscle is a type of muscle that is not under voluntary control; it is the muscle present in places, such as the gut and uterus.

A prokinetic agent is a type of small peptide drug which enhances gastrointestinal motility by increasing the frequency or strength of contractions, but without disrupting their rhythm. They are used to treat certain gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal discomfort, bloating, constipation, heart burn, nausea, and vomiting; and certain gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome, gastritis, gastroparesis, and functional dyspepsia.

Healthy digestion, also called digestive health, results in the absorption of nutrients from food without distressing symptoms. Healthy digestion follows having a healthy diet, doing appropriate self-care including physical activity and exercise, minimizing activities like smoking or consuming alcoholic drinks which impair digestion, and managing any medical condition which disrupts digestion to the best of one's ability.

Fenofibrate/pravastatin, sold under the brand name Pravafenix, is a combination medication for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in adults whose low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is already being controlled with pravastatin alone but who still need to improve their cholesterol levels and to reduce their levels of triglycerides. It contains fenofibrate and pravastatin. It is taken by mouth.

References

  1. ↑ "Simethicone names". Drugs.com. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  2. ↑ "Simethicone tablet". NIH DailyMed. April 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  3. ↑ "Simeticone". NHS. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  4. ↑ Modi R, Clearfield HR, Levitt M (July 2013). "Belching, Bloating and Flatulence". American College of Gastroenterology.
  5. 1 2 "Simethicone". drugs.com. Efficacy not established for the symptomatic relief of immediate postprandial upper abdominal distress
  6. ↑ Holtmann G, Gschossmann J, Mayr P, Talley NJ (September 2002). "A randomized placebo-controlled trial of simethicone and cisapride for the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. Wiley. 16 (9): 1641–8. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01322.x. PMID   12197843. S2CID   23286985.
  7. ↑ Burta O, Iacobescu C, Mateescu RB, Nicolaie T, Tiuca N, Pop CS (25 September 2018). "Efficacy and safety of APT036 versus simethicone in the treatment of functional bloating: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel group, clinical study". Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology. AME Publications. 3 (72): 72. doi: 10.21037/tgh.2018.09.11 . PMC   6256934 . PMID   30511026.
  8. ↑ Biagioli E, Tarasco V, Lingua C, Moja L, Savino F (September 2016). "Pain-relieving agents for infantile colic". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (9): CD009999. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009999.pub2. PMC   6457752 . PMID   27631535.
  9. ↑ Goldman M, Beaumont T (March 2017). "A real world evaluation of a treatment for infant colic based on the experience and perceptions of 4004 parents". British Journal of Nursing. 26 (5 Suppl 1): S3–S10. doi:10.12968/bjon.2017.26.Sup5.S3. PMID   28350192. S2CID   32885530.
  10. ↑ Voepel-Lewis TD, Malviya S, Burke C, D'Agostino R, Hadden SM, Siewert M, Tait AR (March 1998). "Evaluation of simethicone for the treatment of postoperative abdominal discomfort in infants". Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 10 (2): 91–94. doi:10.1016/S0952-8180(97)00249-3. PMID   9524891.
  11. 1 2 3 Ingold CJ, Akhondi H (January 2021). "Simethicone". StatPearls [Internet]. PMID   32310457.
  12. ↑ "Simethicone Side Effects in Detail". Drugs.com. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
  13. ↑ "Treatment of Gas". International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. 4 September 2015.
  14. ↑ Brecević L, Bosan-Kilibarda I, Strajnar F (May 1994). "Mechanism of antifoaming action of simethicone". Journal of Applied Toxicology. Wiley. 14 (3): 207–11. doi:10.1002/jat.2550140311. PMID   8083482. S2CID   7453218 . Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  15. ↑ Dittrich M, Miederer SE, Havertz B, Krastev R (12 May 2010). "Schaumzerstörung und Schaumverhinderung: Der Wirkmechanismus von Simeticon in vitro" [Defoaming and antifoaming action of simethicone in vitro](PDF). Journal für Gastroenterologische und Hepatologische Erkrankungen. (in German). Krause & Pachernegg. 8 (3): 19–25.
  16. ↑ O'Neil MJ, ed. (2006). "Dimethicone". The Merck Index (14th ed.). Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck. p. 545.
  17. ↑ "Recommended INN List 42" (PDF). WHO Drug Information. 13 (3): 202. 1999.
  18. 1 2 3 "Simeticone international brands". Drugs.com. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
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