Smith Island, Maryland

Smith Island, Maryland
Census-designated place
Harbor at Ewell
Flag
Nickname:  "The Rock"
Coordinates: 37°59′N76°02′W / 37.983°N 76.033°W / 37.983; -76.033
Country	United States
State	Maryland
County	Somerset
Area [1]
• Total	9.18 sq mi (23.77 km2)
• Land	4.35 sq mi (11.27 km2)
• Water	4.83 sq mi (12.50 km2)
Elevation	0 ft (0 m)
Population  (2020)
• Total	202
• Density	46.44/sq mi (17.93/km2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern (EST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
FIPS code	24-72887
GNIS feature ID	1852600
Website	www.visitsmithisland.com

Smith Island is a collection of three distinct island communities, Tylerton, Rhodes Point, and Ewell, Maryland on the Chesapeake Bay, on the border of Maryland and Virginia territorial waters in the United States. The island is the last inhabited island in Maryland that is not accessible by vehicle, where most of the islands are eroding due to tidal currents and sea level rise. A study conducted in 2008 by the DNR reported that Smith Island is expected to completely erode by 2100 if no action was taken. ^[2]

The island's population is approximately 220, ^[2] down from a peak of about 800. ^[3] On its Maryland side, Smith Island is a census-designated place (CDP) in Somerset County. It is included in the Salisbury, Maryland-Delaware Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography

Smith Island lies approximately 10 miles (16 km) west of Crisfield, Maryland, across the Tangier Sound portion of the Chesapeake Bay. The island consists of three communities, namely Ewell, Tylerton and Rhodes Point, which all sit on the Maryland portion of the island. The Virginia portion is uninhabited, although it once contained many homes of early settlers.^{[ citation needed ]}

Although a portion of this island lies within Virginia, "Smith Island, Virginia" refers to a separate but identically named barrier island off Cape Charles.

Climate change and sea level rise

By the 2010s, the island had shrunk mainly due to erosion and rising sea levels. In the last 150 years, Smith Island has lost over 3,300 acres (13 km²) of wetlands. The island is projected to be completely eroded by 2100 should the sea level rise by another foot. ^[2] Preventative measures including a jetty-building project completed in 2018, and the realignment of waterways through dredging, were implemented in the hope to stop this. ^[4] These restoration efforts will be ongoing for the next 50 years to restore 1,900 acres (8 km²) of submerged aquatic vegetation and 240 acres (1 km²) of wetlands. ^[5] Moreover, the island is building additional coastal defenses. ^[2]

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
2020	202		—
U.S. Decennial Census [6]

The community is located in a small town-area in the central part of the island, spread across the three inhabited locations of Ewell, Rhodes Point and Tylerton, all located in the state of Maryland. The northern part of Smith Island also includes the Martin National Wildlife Refuge. The southernmost portion of the island consisting of marsh lies in Accomack County, Virginia.^{[ citation needed ]}

As of the 2010 Census, there were 276 people residing in the CDP. The population density was 81.7 inhabitants per square mile (31.5/km²). There were 218 housing units at an average density of 57.5 per square mile (22.2/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 99.6% White, 0.82% African American, 0.27% Native American, and 0.82% from two or more races. 51% of Smith Island's residents were English, 4% Greek, 3% Irish, 3% Scottish, and 3% French. ^[7]

There were 167 households, out of which 19.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.5% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.9% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.69.^{[ citation needed ]}

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 14.6% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 22.3% from 25 to 44, 34.6% from 45 to 64, and 23.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.^{[ citation needed ]}

The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,324, and the median income for a family was $29,375. Males had a median income of $26,250 versus $28,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $25,469. About 14.4% of families and 37.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.9% of those under age 18 and 67.9% of those age 65 or over.^{[ citation needed ]}

Transportation

Smith Island has no airport and no bridges to the mainland; it can be accessed only by boat. ^[2] Passenger-only ferries connect Smith Island at Ewell to Point Lookout, Maryland, and Reedville, Virginia, on the Western shore of the Chesapeake Bay (seasonal) and from Crisfield, Maryland, on its Eastern Shore (year-round). A daily passenger ferry also runs between Crisfield, Maryland, and the smaller island of Tylerton, Maryland. ^[8]

Few motor vehicles exist on the islands, those of which are all on the northern community of Ewell and the connected Rhodes Point. Main modes of transportation for all three communities include golf carts as well as non-motorized transportation.^{[ citation needed ]}

History and language

An 18-year-old male from Smith Island talking to a female interviewer about the erosion of Smith Island. (circa 1984)

The island was charted by John Smith. ^[3] British settlers arrived on the island in the 17th century, arriving from Cornwall, Wales, ^[9] and Dorset, England, via Virginia. ^[10] The island's population peaked at 800 in the 1900s. ^[3]

Smith Island is inhabited by one of the region's oldest English-speaking communities, which is known for its relic accent, preserving speech patterns from the original English colonial settlers. The local dialect is like the dialects of the West Country of England, including Cornwall. The dialect contains some relict features indicative of its origins. ^[11] The dialect is like the Ocracoke Brogue, ^[12] sometimes referred to as the Outer Banks Brogue. ^{[13] [14]}

The 1940 Maryland guide described a series of economic conflicts that characterized relationships between the inhabitants of Smith Island, the inhabitants of nearby Tangier Island, and agencies of the Federal government in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For example, although 23,000 acres of rich oyster beds had been ceded from Maryland to Virginia in 1877,

the Smith Island men kept on dredging there for 50 years despite repeated attacks by Virginia patrol boats and inter-island battles in which oystermen on both sides were killed and wounded. The warfare ended only when the oysters in the area died ... Although killing wild ducks for market has been outlawed by Federal enactment since 1918, Smith Island remains a source of anxiety to the United States Biological Survey. Wardens risk their lives when drawn to the lonely island marshes by the deep booming of swivel guns mounted in sneak-boats—artillery that throws a pound of shot at a blast to kill and cripple ducks by the hundreds. To spot wire-enclosed duck traps, wardens in airplanes drop streamers of paper for the guidance of wardens in boats who attempt to make arrests, sometimes successfully, sometimes not. The islanders are sure that God has given them the ducks, oysters, fish, and crabs to take as they wish and they bitterly resent man-made game laws. ^[15]

— Federal Writers'Project, "Part III: Touring the State", Maryland: A Guide to the Old Line State (1940)

The Island Belle , a former passenger ferry to the islands, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. ^[16]

After the 2012 Hurricane Sandy, the Department of Housing and Community Development for the state of Maryland offered buyouts to landowners, most of whom refused the offer. ^[2]

Smith Island cake

Smith Island cake with fresh strawberries on the side

Smith Island traditions include a region-specific cuisine, its most famous dish being the Smith Island cake, somewhat resembling the Prinzregententorte, with 8 to 15 thin layers ^[17] alternating with cooked chocolate frosting.^{[ citation needed ]}

Beginning in the 1800s, Smith Islanders would send these cakes with the watermen on the autumn oyster harvest. The bakers began using fudge instead of buttercream frostings, as cakes frosted with fudge lasted much longer than cakes with other types of frosting. ^[18]

Scratch recipes typically involve evaporated milk, ^[19] while recipes based on commercial cake mixes add condensed milk. ^[20]

The most common recipes yield yellow cake with chocolate frosting, but other flavors variation include coconut, fig, strawberry, lemon, and orange. Smith Island cake is baked for any occasion, a dessert that needs no holiday. ^[21]

Smith Island cake is also baked as the feature prize for a local fundraising tradition called a cake walk, which is a game played like musical chairs where donated cakes serve as the prize. Great attention is paid to the perfection of the pencil-thin layers that form the distinctive cake. ^[22] Before each round, the prize Smith Island cake at stake is cut in half and shown to the players who pay to participate in the game. A poorly stacked Smith Island cake may not attract many players and as a result, not raise as much money as a more perfectly executed cake. ^[23]

Smith Island cake became the officially designated state dessert of Maryland on April 24, 2008. ^[24]

See also

• Island Belle (vessel)
• Fog Point Light
• Solomons Lump Light
• Tangier Island

References

1. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
2. Andrew Zaleski On 11/01/15 at 3:56 PM EST (November 1, 2015). "Smith Island Is Sinking Into the Chesapeake Bay Thanks to Climate Change". Newsweek . Retrieved January 3, 2021.
3. Dance, Scott. "At Smith Island, a chance to shore up the future". The Baltimore Sun . Retrieved January 3, 2021.
4. "Officials Mark Completion of Jetties on Historic Smith Island".
5. US Army Corps of Engineers Archived December 6, 2006, at the Wayback Machine Smith Island, Maryland Environmental Restoration and Protection Project Accessed October 11, 2007
6. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
7. "Smith Island, MD, Ancestry & Family History". Epodunk.com. Archived from the original on April 17, 2015. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
8. "How To Visit Smith Island Maryland". www.marylandrecommendations.com. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
9. "Claws and effect". The Daily Telegraph. London. September 13, 2005. Archived from the original on November 22, 2016.
10. Scheller, William G. (March 12, 2000). "Island of Calm". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved December 11, 2012.
11. Do You Speak American? by Robert MacNeil, William Cran, Robert McCrum. Page 35 Random House, Inc., 2005 ISBN   0-385-51198-1
12. The North Carolina Language and Life Project Archived 2010-09-21 at the Wayback Machine Smith Island, MD. Accessed October 11, 2007
13. Do You Speak American? by Robert MacNeil, William Cran, Robert McCrum. Page 34 Random House, Inc., 2005 ISBN   0-385-51198-1
14. Hoi Toide on the Outer Banks by Walt Wolfram, Natalie Schilling-Estes, Page 156, UNC Press, 1997 ISBN   0-8078-4626-0
15. Federal Writers' Project (1940). Maryland: A Guide to the Old Line State (1st ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 438.
16. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
17. Adventure Guide to the Chesapeake Bay by Barbara Radcliffe Rogers, Stillman Rogers page 435 Hunter Publishing, Inc, 2001 ISBN   1-55650-889-1
18. smithislandcake.com Archived 2012-07-18 at the Wayback Machine The story behind our Smith Island Cakes. Accessed July 6, 2012.
19. "Smith Island Layer Cake Recipe - Two Ways". VisitMaryland.org. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
20. "How Maryland's Official State Cake Got its Stripes". Saveur.com. March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
21. Smith Island Layer Cake Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine from Maryland Traditions
22. smith island cake history Archived 2011-11-16 at the Wayback Machine from Original Smith Island Cake Company Website. Accessed October, 3o, 2011.
23. An Island Out of Time: A Memoir of Smith Island in the Chesapeake by Tom Horton, Page 10 W. W. Norton & Company, 1996 ISBN   0-393-03938-2
24. Smith Island Cake Now Maryland's Official Dessert Archived 2008-05-02 at the Wayback Machine from NewsChannel 8 1:38 pm Thu April 24, 2008 - ANNAPOLIS, Md. Accessed online April 26, 2008

External links

• Official website
• Getting to Smith Island
• Boston Globe Big Picture Photographs