Solidago rigida

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Solidago rigida
Solidago rigida (4991314459).jpg
S. rigida subsp. humilis
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Solidago
Section: S. sect. Ptarmicoidei
Species:
S. rigida
Binomial name
Solidago rigida
L. 1753
Synonyms [1]
Synonymy
  • Aster rigidus(L.) Kuntze 1891 not L. 1753
  • Oligoneuron grandiflorum(Raf.) Small
  • Oligoneuron rigidum(L.) Small
  • Solidago grandifloraRaf.
  • Aster jacksoniiKuntze, syn of subsp. glabrata
  • Leioligo corymbosa(Elliott) Raf., syn of subsp. glabrata
  • Oligoneuron corymbosum(Elliott) Small, syn of subsp. glabrata
  • Oligoneuron jacksonii(Kuntze) Small, syn of subsp. glabrata
  • Solidago corymbosaElliott 1823 not Poir. 1817, syn of subsp. glabrata
  • Solidago jacksonii(Kuntze) Fernald, syn of subsp. glabrata
  • Oligoneuron bombycinumLunell, syn of subsp. humilis
  • Oligoneuron canescensRydb., syn of subsp. humilis
  • Solidago bombycina(Lunell) Friesn., syn of subsp. humilis
  • Solidago bombycinum(Lunell) Friesner, syn of subsp. humilis
  • Solidago canescens(Rydb.) Friesner, syn of subsp. humilis
  • Solidago parvirigidaBeaudry, syn of subsp. humilis

Solidago rigida, known by the common names stiff goldenrod and stiff-leaved goldenrod, is a North American plant species in the family Asteraceae. It has a widespread distribution in Canada and the United States, where it is found primarily east of the Rocky Mountains. [2] It is typically found in open, dry areas associated with calcareous or sandy soil. Habitats include prairies, savannas, and glades. [3]

Contents

Description

Soliadgo rigida is a tall, leafy perennial. Its leathery leaves are large for a goldenrod, reaching 3–6 cm (1+142+14 in) wide and 8–20 cm (3+147+34 in) long. It produces heads of yellow flowers in the late summer and fall. [3] Its fruit is a wind-dispersed achene.

Galls

This species is host to the following insect induced galls:

external link to gallformers

Subspecies

Subspecies [1] [3]

Conservation

This species is considered by NatureServe to be globally "secure" (G5), which is the lowest level of conservation concern assigned. [5] However, it is known to be rare on the local level, due to its declining grassland habitat. It is listed as endangered in Connecticut, [6] New Jersey and Pennsylvania. It is listed as endangered and extirpated in Maryland, as threatened in New York, and as historical in Rhode Island. [7]

Native American ethnobotany

The Ojibwe use a decoction of root as an enema, [8] and take an infusion of the root to treat "stoppage of urine". [9] The Meskwaki make the flowers into a lotion and use them on bee stings and for swollen faces. [10]

Related Research Articles

<i>Solidago</i> Genus of plants in the family Asteraceae

Solidago, commonly called goldenrods, is a genus of about 100 to 120 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Most are herbaceous perennial species found in open areas such as meadows, prairies, and savannas. They are mostly native to North America, including Mexico; a few species are native to South America and Eurasia. Some American species have also been introduced into Europe and other parts of the world.

<i>Ribes triste</i> Berry and plant

Ribes triste, known as the northern redcurrant, swamp redcurrant, or wild redcurrant, is an Asian and North American shrub in the gooseberry family. It is widespread across Canada and the northern United States, as well as in eastern Asia.

<i>Symphyotrichum puniceum</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to North America

Symphyotrichum puniceum, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to eastern North America. It is commonly known as purplestem aster, red-stalk aster, red-stemmed aster, red-stem aster, and swamp aster. It also has been called early purple aster, cocash, swanweed, and meadow scabish.

<i>Symphyotrichum ericoides</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to central and eastern North America

Symphyotrichum ericoides, known as white heath aster, frost aster, or heath aster, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to much of central and eastern North America. It has been introduced to parts of Europe and western Asia.

<i>Solidago sempervirens</i> Species of aquatic plant

Solidago sempervirens, the seaside goldenrod or salt-marsh goldenrod, is a plant species in the genus Solidago of the family Asteraceae. It is native to eastern North America and parts of the Caribbean. It is an introduced species in the Great Lakes region. Similar plants found in the Azores are thought have evolved from a natural introduction of this species.

<i>Solidago nemoralis</i> Species of plant

Solidago nemoralis is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to North America, where it is widely found in Canada and the United States. Its common names include gray goldenrod, gray-stem goldenrod, old-field goldenrod, field goldenrod, prairie goldenrod, dwarf goldenrod, and dyersweed goldenrod.

<i>Solidago rugosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Solidago rugosa, commonly called the wrinkleleaf goldenrod or rough-stemmed goldenrod, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to North America, where it is widespread across eastern and central Canada and the eastern and central United States. It is usually found in wet to mesic habitats.

<i>Solidago altissima</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae

Solidago altissima, the tall goldenrod or late goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod in the family Asteraceae which is widespread across much of Canada, the United States, and northern Mexico. It is common in much of its range and fairly tolerant of landscapes which have been disturbed by humans. It has become naturalized in many parts of the world.

<i>Solidago patula</i> Species of flowering plant

Solidago patula, the roundleaf goldenrod or rough-leaved goldenrod, is a species of goldenrod found in wetlands, especially swamps, fens, and sedge meadows. It is native to most of the eastern United States, as far west as Wisconsin and Texas. It is a perennial herb. There are two subspecies.

<i>Solidago californica</i> Species of flowering plant

Solidago californica is a species of goldenrod known by the common name California goldenrod.

<i>Solidago houghtonii</i> Species of flowering plant

Solidago houghtonii is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known as Houghton's goldenrod. It is native to southern Ontario, Canada and the northern United States. It is threatened by the loss and degradation of its habitat. It is a federally listed threatened species of the United States and it is designated a species of special concern by Canada's Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada.

<i>Solidago odora</i> Species of flowering plant

Solidago odora, the sweet goldenrod, anisescented goldenrod or fragrant goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod within the family Asteraceae. The plant is native to the United States and Mexico, found in every coastal state from Veracruz to New Hampshire and as far inland as Ohio, Missouri, and Oklahoma. It flowers from July through October.

<i>Solidago velutina</i> Species of flowering plant

Solidago velutina, the threenerve goldenrod or velvety goldenrod, is a plant species native to Mexico and to the western United States. The species has been found in southwestern Oregon, east to the Black Hills of South Dakota, and as far south as México State in the central part of the Republic of México. It is classified as a member of Subsection Nemorales.

<i>Solidago ptarmicoides</i> Species of flowering plant

Solidago ptarmicoides, the prairie goldenrod, white flat-top goldenrod or upland white aster, is a North American perennial flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the central and eastern Canada and parts of the United States (mostly Great Lakes region, the Northeast, the Ozarks, and the northern Great Plains, with isolated populations in Wyoming, Colorado, Oklahoma, and scattered locations in the Southeast. It has also been called upland white solidago, upland white goldenrod, and sneezewort goldenrod

<i>Solidago arguta</i> Species of flowering plant

Solidago arguta, commonly called Atlantic goldenrod, cut-leaf goldenrod, and sharp-leaved goldenrod, is a species of flowering plant native to eastern and central North America. It grows along the Gulf and Atlantic states of the United States from Texas to Maine, inland as far as Ontario, Illinois, and Kansas. It is primarily found in areas of woodland openings, such as outcrops or clearings.

<i>Solidago lepida</i> Species of flowering plant

Solidago lepida, the western Canada goldenrod or western goldenrod, is a North American plant species in the genus Solidago of the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Canada, the western United States, and northern Mexico.

<i>Solidago curtisii</i> Species of flowering plant

Solidago curtisii, commonly called Curtis' goldenrod and mountain decumbent goldenrod, is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is the eastern part of the United States from Pennsylvania to Mississippi and Alabama, primarily in the southern Appalachian Mountains.

<i>Solidago latissimifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Solidago latissimifolia, common name Elliott's goldenrod, is North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the Atlantic Coast of the United States and Canada, from Nova Scotia south to Alabama and Florida.

<i>Solidago ulmifolia</i> Species of plant

Solidago ulmifolia, commonly known as elmleaf goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod in the family Asteraceae. It is found in Canada and the eastern and central United States.

<i>Solidago <span style="font-style:normal;">sect.</span> Ptarmicoidei</i> Section of flowering plants in the genus Solidago

Solidago sect. Ptarmicoidei is a section of flowering plants in the genus Solidago. They are sometimes considered a separate genus: Oligoneuron. Like related species they are known as goldenrods. This section contains seven species of perennial herbs, all native to North America. They are distinguished from other goldenrods by their corymbiform flowerheads, which are flat or rounded in profile and about as broad as tall or broader, for which they are sometimes called flat-topped goldenrods.

References

  1. 1 2 "Solidago rigida". The Global Compositae Checklist (GCC) via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  2. "Solidago rigida". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 Semple, John C.; Cook, Rachel E. (2006). "Solidago rigida". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  4. Kaltenbach, J.H. (1869). "Die deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten [concl.]". Verh. Naturh. Ver. Preuss. Rheinl. 26 (3, 6): 106–224.
  5. Oligoneuron rigidum NatureServe
  6. "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015". State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 19 January 2018. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
  7. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oligoneuron rigidum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  8. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364 (Note: This source comes from the Native American ethnobotany database (http://naeb.brit.org/) which lists the plant as Oligoneuron rigidum var. rigidum. Accessed 19 January 2018
  9. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 348 (Note: This source comes from the Native American ethnobotany database (http://naeb.brit.org/) which lists the plant as Oligoneuron rigidum var. rigidum. Accessed 19 January 2018
  10. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 217218 (Note: This source comes from the Native American ethnobotany database (http://naeb.brit.org/) which lists the plant as Oligoneuron rigidum var. rigidum. Accessed 19 January 2018