Sonneratia caseolaris

Sonneratia caseolaris
Unripened mangrove apple
Bud of mangrove apple
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Lythraceae
Genus:	Sonneratia
Species:	S. caseolaris
Binomial name
Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl.
Synonyms [2]
List Aubletia caseolaris(L.) Gaertn. Blatti caseolaris(L.) Kuntze Sonneratia acidaL.f. Sonneratia eveniaBlume Sonneratia neglectaBlume Sonneratia obovataBlume Sonneratia ovalisKorth. Sonneratia rubraOken Rhizophora caseolarisL.

Sonneratia caseolaris, commonly known as mangrove apple, ^[3] or pagatpat is a species of plant in the family Lythraceae. The fruit is noted for its outward similarity to the persimmon fruit. ^[4]

Sonneratia caseolaris in Kerala

This tree is a type of mangrove growing up to 20 m in height and with a trunk reaching a maximum diameter of 50 cm. It is present in tropical tidal mud flats from Africa to Indonesia, southwards down to northeast Australia and New Caledonia and northwards up to Hainan Island in China and the Philippines. It has pneumatophores or "knees" up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in height and conical in form ^[5]

The fruit of this tree is the subject of a legend of Maldivian folklore, Kulhlhavah Falu Rani. Kuhlhavah (ކުއްޅަވައް) is the Dhivehi name for the mangrove apple (Sonneratia caseolaris). ^[6]

The tree is associated with congregating fireflies throughout southeast Asia ^[7] and is the food source of moth and other insects.

Uses

The leaves and the fruit are edible and appreciated as food in certain areas, such as Maldives. ^[3] In Sri Lanka, where the fruit is known as kirala gédi (කිරල ගෙඩි) in Sinhala or Kārk koṭṭaikaḷ (கார்க் கொட்டைகள்) in Tamil, the pulp of the fruit is mixed with coconut milk extract and made into a milk shake. ^[8] Many tourist resorts situated in the South of Sri Lanka where the trees grow abundantly alongside rivers, offer fresh fruit drinks made from the fruit. In the Maldives the fruits are used as a refreshing drink and also eaten with scraped coconut & sugar.

The tree is also sometimes known as cork tree, because fishermen in some areas make fishing net floats by shaping the pneumatophores into small floats. ^[7]

References

1. Kathiresan, K.; Salmo III, S.G.; Fernando, E.S.; Peras, J.R.; Sukardjo, S.; Miyagi, T.; Ellison, J.; Koedam, N.E.; Wang, Y.; Primavera, J.; Jin Eong, O.; Wan-Hong Yong, J.; Ngoc Nam, V. (2010). "Sonneratia caseolaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T178796A7608551. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T178796A7608551.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
2. "Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
3. Mangrove Apple Archived 2006-12-09 at the Wayback Machine
4. "mangrove flora: berembang (sonneratia caseolaris)". mangrove.nus.edu.sg.
5. Tomlinson, P.B.; Zimmerman, Martin H. (1978). Tropical Trees as Living Systems. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 328.
6. Romero-Frias, Xavier (2012) Folk tales of the Maldives, NIAS Press, ISBN   978-87-7694-104-8, ISBN   978-87-7694-105-5
7. "Berembang (Sonneratia caseolaris) on the Shores of Singapore". www.wildsingapore.com.
8. Apé Lamā Lōkaya:1950, Chapter 28 (Vijitha Yapa Publications) ISBN   978-955-665-250-5

External links

• Media related to Sonneratia caseolaris at Wikimedia Commons
• Mangrove flora: berembang (Sonneratia caseolaris)
• Flowers of India - Apple Mangrove
• Sonneratia caseolaris