Symphyotrichum drummondii

Symphyotrichum drummondii
Conservation status
Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Symphyotrichum
Subgenus:	Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum
Section:	Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum
Species:	S. drummondii
Binomial name
Symphyotrichum drummondii (Lindl.) G.L.Nesom [2]
Varieties [2]
S. drummondiivar.drummondii S. drummondii var. texanum(E.S.Burgess) G.L.Nesom
Native distribution [2]
Synonyms
Synonyms of species [2] Aster drummondiiLindl. ex Hook. Aster sagittifolius var. drummondii(Lindl. ex Hook.) Shinners Synonyms of varieties  S. d. var. drummondii  [3] Aster drummondii var. rhodactis Benke  S. d. var. texanum  [4] Aster coahuilensis S.F.Blake Aster drummondiisubsp.parviceps(Shinners) A.G.Jones Aster drummondii subsp. texanus(E.S.Burgess) A.G.Jones Aster drummondii var. parviceps(Shinners) A.G.Jones Aster drummondii var. texanus(E.S.Burgess) A.G.Jones Aster texanusE.S.Burgess Aster texanus var. parvicepsShinners Symphyotrichum drummondii var. parviceps(Shinners) G.L.Nesom Symphyotrichum texanum(E.S.Burgess) Semple

Symphyotrichum drummondii (formerly Aster drummondii) is a species of flowering plant of the family Asteraceae native to the central and eastern United States. The common name Drummond's aster has been used for the species. There also is an accepted variety native to the south-central United States and northeast Mexico named S. drummondiivar. texanum. This variety has the common name of Texas aster. The species is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 120 centimeters (4 feet) in height.

Description

Symphyotrichum drummondii is a perennial, herbaceous plant that may reach 120 centimeters (4 feet) in height. ^[5]

Flowers

Florets

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Taxonomy

Symphyotrichum drummondii is classified in the subgenus Symphyotrichum, section Symphyotrichum, subsection Heterophylli, series Cordifolii. ^[6] The species' common name is "Drummond's aster". ^[5] In addition to the autonym of S. drummondiivar. drummondii, there is an accepted variety native to the south-central United States and northeast Mexico named S. drummondiivar. texanum. ^[2] This variety has the common name of "Texas aster". ^[7]

Placement within Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum

• Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum sect. Conyzopsis [ref 1] : 271  S. ciliatum S. frondosum S. laurentianum sect. Occidentales [ref 1] : 271  S. chilense S. eatonii S. foliaceum S. greatae S. hallii S. hendersonii S. jessicae S. lentum S. molle S. spathulatum S. subspicatum sect. Turbinelli [ref 2] : 133  S. turbinellum sect. Symphyotrichum [ref 1] : 268  ssect. Dumosi [ref 1] : 269  S. boreale S. bullatum S. burgessii S. carnerosanum S. dumosum S. eulae S. lanceolatum S. lateriflorum S. leone S. nahanniense S. ontarionis S. praealtum S. racemosum S. schaffneri S. simmondsii S. tradescantii S. welshii ssect. Heterophylli [ref 2] : 133  ser. Concinni [ref 2] : 133    S. laeve S. oolentangiense ser. Cordifolii [ref 2] : 133    S. anomalum S. ciliolatum S. cordifolium S. drummondii S. shortii S. undulatum S. urophyllum ssect. Porteriani [ref 1] : 270  S. depauperatum S. kentuckiense S. parviceps S. pilosum S. porteri ssect. Symphyotrichum ser. Punicei [ref 2] : 133  S. elliottii S. firmum S. prenanthoides S. puniceum S. rhiannon ser. Symphyotrichum S. anticostense S. novi-belgii S. retroflexum S. robynsianum

  Cladogram references Nesom, G.L. (September 1994). "Review of the Taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), Emphasizing the New World Species". Phytologia . 77 (3) (published 31 January 1995): 141–297. ISSN   0031-9430 . Retrieved 23 August 2021– via Biodiversity Heritage Library. Semple, J.C.; Heard, S.B.; Brouillet, L. (2002). "Cultivated and Native Asters of Ontario (Compositae: Astereae)". University of Waterloo Biology Series. 41. Ontario: University of Waterloo: 1–134.

Chromosomes

S. drummondii has a monoploid number (also called "base number") of eight chromosomes (x = 8). Diploid and tetraploid specimens of the autonym have been found with total chromosome counts of 16 and 32, respectively. ^[8] Tetraploids have been found of S. drummondiivar. texanum. ^[7]

Distribution and habitat

Symphyotrichum drummondii is native to the U.S. states of Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, as well as to the state of Coahuila in northeast Mexico. ^{[2] [4]}

Conservation

As of October 2024 ^[update] , NatureServe listed S. drummondii as Secure (G5) globally; Secure (S5) in Kentucky; Apparently Secure (S4) in Iowa and Mississippi; Imperiled (S2) in Michigan and Ohio; and, Critically Imperiled (S1) in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The species' global status was last reviewed on 2 May 1988. ^[1] S. drummondiivar. texanum is listed as a Vulnerable Variety (T3), with Kansas and Mississippi as Vulnerable (S3), and Louisiana as Critically Imperiled (S1). This variety's global status was last reviewed by NatureServe on 10 April 2006. ^[9]

Citations

1. NatureServe 2024a.
2. POWO 2024a.
3. POWO 2024b.
4. POWO 2024c.
5. Brouillet et al. 2006.
6. Semple, Heard & Brouillet 2002a, p. 133.
7. Brouillet et al. 2006b.
8. Brouillet et al. 2006a.
9. NatureServe 2024c.

References

• Brouillet, L.; Semple, J.C.; Allen, G.A.; Chambers, K.L.; Sundberg, S.D. (2006). "Symphyotrichum drummondii". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 29 October 2024– via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
• Brouillet, L.; Semple, J.C.; Allen, G.A.; Chambers, K.L.; Sundberg, S.D. (2006a). "Symphyotrichum drummondii var. drummondii". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 29 October 2024– via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
• Brouillet, L.; Semple, J.C.; Allen, G.A.; Chambers, K.L.; Sundberg, S.D. (2006b). "Symphyotrichum drummondii var. texanum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 20. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 29 October 2024– via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
• NatureServe (4 October 2024a). "Symphyotrichum drummondii Drummond's Aster". NatureServe Explorer (explorer.natureserve.org). Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
• NatureServe (4 October 2024c). "Symphyotrichum drummondii var. texanum Texas Aster". NatureServe Explorer (explorer.natureserve.org). Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
• POWO (2024a). "Symphyotrichum drummondii (Lindl.) G.L.Nesom". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 21 October 2024.
• POWO (2024b). "Symphyotrichum drummondii var. drummondii". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 21 October 2024.
• POWO (2024c). "Symphyotrichum drummondii var. texanum (E.S.Burgess) G.L.Nesom". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 21 October 2024.
• Semple, J.C.; Heard, S.B.; Brouillet, L. (2002a). "Cultivated and Native Asters of Ontario (Compositae: Astereae)". University of Waterloo Biology Series. 41. Ontario: University of Waterloo: 1–134.