| Synophropsis lauri | |
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| Specimen from Cambridge, England | |
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| Genus: | Synophropsis |
| Species: | S. lauri |
| Binomial name | |
| Synophropsis lauri (Horváth, 1897) | |
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Synophropsis lauri, sometimes called the bay leafhopper, is a species of leafhopper of the subfamily Deltocephalinae, tribe Fieberiellini. [2] It is the only species in the genus Synophropsis.
The hemelytra vary from greyish to brick-red (some sources say the males are grey, females red [3] ) and are somewhat translucent with the veins showing up as whitish. The wings darken towards the tips. [4] There are small dark marks along the suture and at the distal ends of some of the long veins. The head is yellowish and the vertex is sharply pointed. Antennae are filamentous and very long. [5] Size: up to 6.5mm long, [3] [5] or even 7mm. [1]
Nymphs are green, and over-winter. [3] The species is normally said to be univoltine, but it is possible that the females hibernate and produce a second generation. [5]
The species was first described, as Thamnotettix lauri, by Géza Horváth in 1897 from specimens taken in Fiume (Rijeka) and Buccari (Bakar) on the Adriatic coast of what is now Croatia. [4] Nearly 30 years later, Hermann Haupt independently described a single male taken in Gravosa (Gruž), some 260 miles (420 km) further southeast. Haupt placed it in a new genus as Synophropsis wagneri. [1] As these are now regarded as descriptions of the same species, Horvath's specific name has priority even though Haupt's new genus is accepted.
Throughout much of the 20th century it was regarded as a pontomediterranean species, i.e. inhabiting the area between the Black Sea (ho pontos to the ancient Greeks) and the Mediterranean. [3] Since then it has expanded its range rapidly northwards and westwards. It has been known in France, initially Montpellier, since 1972, and in Switzerland since 2000. [3] In 2008–09 it was discovered in Hamburg and Öhringen, two widely separated locations in Germany, [6] and also at Liège in Belgium. [3] It reached the London area in 2007, [5] and has since been found elsewhere in the United Kingdom – the insect in the taxobox was seen in Cambridge in 2014.
Synophropsis lauri is polyphagous on evergreen broad-leaved trees and shrubs. It was first described as frequenting, and takes its specific name from, the European bay laurel ( Laurus nobilis ). [4] This tree, now cultivated far outside its natural Mediterranean range, is a favourite where available. In western Europe specimens of S. lauri have mostly been taken from ivy ( Hedera helix ). [3] In Turkey S. lauri is listed as a minor pest of olive ( Olea europea ) groves.[ citation needed ]
Deltocephalinae is a subfamily of leafhoppers. Deltocephalinae is the largest subfamily in the family Cicadellidae and is divided into 40 tribes, comprising over 925 genera, and over 6,700 described species.
Japananus hyalinus, the Japanese maple leafhopper, is a species of leafhopper of the subfamily Deltocephalinae and tribe Opsiini. Believed to be native to eastern Asia, it has been carried with the trade in cultivated maples and is now widely found in Europe, North America and Australia.
Fieberiellini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. In the review by Zahniser & Dietrich (2013) it includes 48 species placed in 10 genera. Species in this tribe are native to the Palaearctic region, mainly the southern parts, with some being adventive in the Nearctic. The Cherry Leafhopper is a vector of several phytoplasma diseases including Cherry X Disease.
Athysanini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The type genus of the tribe is Athysanus. The tribe has a cosmopolitan distribution. It is the largest tribe in the subfamily Deltocephalinae and has 228 genera and at least 1120 species.
Phlepsiini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. There are 4 genera and over 80 described species in Phlepsiini.
Scaphoideini is a tribe of leafhoppers. There are 64 genera and over 600 described species in Scaphoideini.
Arrugada is a genus of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. There are currently four described species of Arrugada and they are all endemic to Bolivia and Peru. The genus was formerly considered to be within its own separate subfamily within Cicadellidae; however, it is now recognized to be in its own tribe, Arrugadini, within the subfamily Deltocephalinae.
Bonaspeiini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Bonaspeiini is made up of 26 genera and over 125 species found throughout southern Africa. Many species are found in the fynbos biome.
Chiasmini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Chiasmini contains 21 genera and over 300 species. Some species of Chiasmini in the genus Nephotettix are agricultural pests and transmit rice Tungrovirus in southeast Asia.
Cicadulini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. There are 15 genera and over 120 species in Cicadulini.
Cochlorhinini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The tribe is endemic to the western United States and adjacent parts of Mexico, however at least one species has been introduced to Chile. Cochlorhinini contains 11 genera and over 140 species.
Dorycephalus is a genus of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. It is the only genus in the tribe Dorycephalini. There are currently only two described species in the genus. The members of the genus are found in eastern Europe, Russia and Mongolia.
Faltalini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Faltalini is distributed from the southwestern United States south to Argentina and Chile. It contains 11 genera and over 25 species.
Goniagnathini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Goniagnathini contains 4 genera and around 60 species. Of these, one new species, Goniagnathuscornutus was recently verified in China.
Hypacostemma is a genus of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. It is the only genus in the tribe Hypacostemmini. Hypacostemma contains at least 5 described species distributed throughout Southern Africa. Hypacostemma are usually large greenish leafhoppers with a length between 7-10 mm.
Koebeliini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. There are 6 genera and over 15 species divided into two subtribes within Koebeliini: Koebellina and Grypotina. Koebeliina species are endemic to western North America.
Occinirvana eborea is a species of leafhopper in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. It is the only member of the genus Occinirvana and the tribe Occinirvanini, making them both monotypic taxa. O. eborea is endemic to Western Australia. It is closely related to Loralia, another genus of leafhoppers endemic to Australia.
Paralimnini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Paralimnini contains 139 genera and over 900 species divided into two subtribes: Aglenina and Paralimnina. The tribe has a cosmopolitan distribution.
Stenometopiini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. It contains 8 genera and around 100 species. The members of Stenometopiini are widespread and have a cosmopolitan distribution.
Tetartostylus is a genus of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. It is the only genus is the monotypic tribe Tetartostylini. Tetartostylini also used to include the genus Hiltus, but Hiltus is now placed in the tribe Paralimnini.
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