Tasmaniolimulus

Tasmaniolimulus Temporal range: Early Triassic, Olenekian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
The holotype specimen (catalogue number UTGD 123979)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Order:	Xiphosura
Family:	† Austrolimulidae
Genus:	† Tasmaniolimulus Bicknell, 2019
Species:	†T. patersoni
Binomial name
†Tasmaniolimulus patersoni Bicknell, 2019

Tasmaniolimulus patersoni is an extinct species of austrolimulid xiphosuran, closely related to living horseshoe crabs. It was found in the Early Triassic Jackey Shale of Tasmania, Australia. Originally considered an indeterminate species of Paleolimulus , it was formally named as a new genus and species in 2019 by Russel Bicknell. Unlike living horseshoe crabs, Tasmaniolimulus is thought to have lived in freshwater.

Research history

In 1989, D. L. Ewington, M. J. Clarke and M. R. Banks described a xiphosuran fossil (catalogued as UTGD 123979) found Jackey Shale of Tasmania, Australia. They compared this species to another species of extinct xiphosuran, Paleolimulus avitu from North America. They concluded that the species originated from Chhidruan stage of the Late Permian, they concluded that the fossil represented an indeterminate species of Paleolimulus. ^[1]

In 2019, a paper Russel Bicknell re-examined the specimen, using synchrotron radiation X-ray tomography (SRXT) with a monochromatic beam energy of 80 keV to scan the fossil, which is preserved as an internal mold. He determined that the fossil represented a new genus and species, Tasmaniolimulus patersoni, belonging to the xiphosuran family Austrolimulidae. ^[2] The species name patersoni comes from Professor John Paterson, an Australian paleologist that supported Dr. Bicknell in his scientific career. ^{[3] [2]} In 2022, the age of the specimen was revised to the Olenekian age at the beginning of the Triassic. ^[4]

Description

Tasmaniolimulus patersoni had distinctive large backward-pointing genal spines on the side of the cephalothorax. The species also had two hook-like spines on the sides of its opisthosoma. The telson was not preserved in the only known specimen. Tasmaniolimulus patersoni was also much smaller than modern horseshoe crabs, with the preserved length of the specimen only being 2.4 cm (0.94 in). ^[2]

Ecology

Unlike living horseshoe crabs, Tasmaniolimulus is thought have lived in freshwater environments. The large genal spines of Tasmanolimulus and other austrolimulids are thought to be an adaptation to moving in environments with unidirectional water flow, such as rivers. ^[4]

References

1. Ewington, D. L.; Clarke, M. J.; Banks, M. R. (1989). "A Late Permian fossil horseshoe crab (Paleolimulus: Xiphosura) from Poatina, Great Western Tiers, Tasmania" (PDF). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania. 123: 127–131. doi:10.26749/rstpp.123.127 – via UTas Eprints.
2. Bicknell, Russell (2019). "Xiphosurid from the Upper Permian of Tasmania confirms Palaeozoic origin of Austrolimulidae". Palaeontologia Electronica. doi:10.26879/1005.
3. University of New England (October 2019). "Fossil species named for UNE paleontologist". www.une.edu.au. Retrieved 2025-10-15.
4. Bicknell, Russell D. C.; Smith, Patrick M.; Birch, Sienna A.; Bevitt, Joseph J. (2022-04-22). "An earliest Triassic age for Tasmaniolimulus and comments on synchrotron tomography of Gondwanan horseshoe crabs". PeerJ. 10 e13326. doi: 10.7717/peerj.13326 . ISSN   2167-8359. PMC   9037155 . PMID   35480564.