| Two-striped jumper | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Female | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | Telamonia |
| Species: | T. dimidiata |
| Binomial name | |
| Telamonia dimidiata | |
| Synonyms | |
The two-striped jumper, or Telamonia dimidiata, is a jumping spider found in various Asian tropical rain forests, in foliage in wooded environments.
Females can reach a body length of 9–11 mm (0.35–0.43 in), males can reach a length of 8–9 mm (0.31–0.35 in). The female is light yellowish, with a very white cephalus and red rings surrounding the narrow black rings around the eyes. Two longitudinal bright red stripes are present on the opisthosoma. [3] The male is very dark, with white markings, and red hairs around the eyes. They appear in Singapore, Indonesia, Pakistan, Iran, India, and Bhutan. T. dimidiata produces no toxin significant to humans.
Since 1999, the spider has been the subject of an email hoax claiming that it was a fatal spider found lurking under toilet seats in North Florida. [4] This hoax was a rehashing of an older email circulated in 1999 with similar claims, except under the name "South American Blush Spider (arachnius gluteus[ sic ])" - literally "butt spider". Similar email hoaxes (with details of the original changed) occurred in other parts of the world, alleging the same falsity in the recipients' countries. Lately[ when? ] it has also appeared on Facebook, also including a picture of the arachnid. Posts commonly report of it being found world-round, suggesting everyone must take precautions. [5] No such events appear to have occurred, and the story is considered an urban legend. [6] [7] [8] The false rumor has since spread to websites such as Twitter, Facebook and Tumblr in 2012. Now the same hoax is circulating on WhatsApp (2018). The hoax has also been seen on Facebook in 2019.
Viciria is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1877.
Evarcha vittula, the White-banded Evarcha Jumping Spider, is a species of jumping spider in the genus Evarcha that lives in South Africa. The species was first described in 2011 by Charles Haddad and Wanda Wesołowska. The spider is small, with a carapace measuring between 2.4 and 3.2 mm long and an abdomen between 2.5 and 3.6 mm long. There is a delicate scutum on the abdomen. The spider is generally dark brown but there is an orange streak down the middle of the upper surface of both the abdomen and carapace. This streak helps distinguish the spider from others in the genus. It can also be identified by its copulatory organs. The male has a characteristic short straight embolus. The female has not been described.
Evarcha aposto is a species of jumping spider in the genus Evarcha that lives in Ethiopia and Nigeria. The species was first described in 2008 by Wanda Wesołowska and Beata Tomasiewicz. It is named for the place in Ethiopia where it was first found. The spider is small, with a cephalothorax measuring between 1.9 and 2.2 mm long and an abdomen between 1.8 and 1.9 mm long. The carapace is generally light, yellow or fawn, with a dark stripe down the middle and occasionally a thin stripe to the rear. The abdomen is yellow with a pattern of darker patches. It has a black eye field. The front legs are darker, brown in the case of those found in Nigeria and black for the Ethiopian examples. The remaining legs have a distinctive top half that is black or brown, the remainder being yellow. Its copulatory organs are distinctive, particularly the male's very short embolus, which is accompanied by a spoon-like appendage. The female has not been described.
Evarcha pinguis is a species of jumping spider in the genus Evarcha that lives in Ethiopia. The species was first described in 2008 by Wanda Wesołowska and Beata Tomasiewicz. The spider is larger than others in the genus, with a cephalothorax measuring 3.4 mm (0.13 in) long and an abdomen between 4.7 mm (0.19 in) long. The spider is dark brown and hairy apart from a lighter streak on the back of the carapace and a pattern of light chevrons down the back of the abdomen. The legs are brown, the front four being thicker and shorter than the rest. The copulatory organs are distinctive. The female has marked sclerotization to the edge of its epigyne. The male has not been described.
Evarcha rotundibulbis is a species of jumping spider in the genus Evarcha that lives in Ethiopia. The species was first described in 2008 by Wanda Wesołowska and Beata Tomasiewicz. The spider is small to medium-sized, with a cephalothorax measuring between 2.4 and 2.7 mm long and an abdomen between 2.3 and 2.6 mm long. The carapace is light brown with a dark brown eye field. The abdomen is russet with a yellowish pattern of arrows and spots. The spider has brown and yellow legs. Its copulatory organs are unusual and help identify it. The male has a distinctive rounded palpal bulb that is recalled in the name of the species. It also has a very short forked embolus and a shovel-like projection, or apophysis, on the palpal tibia that distinguishes it from other related species. The female has not been described.
Evarcha russellsmithi is a species of jumping spider in the genus Evarcha that lives in Ethiopia. The species was first described in 2008 by Wanda Wesołowska and Beata Tomasiewicz. The spider is small to medium-sized, with a cephalothorax measuring typically 2.2 mm (0.09 in) long and an abdomen 1.8 mm (0.07 in) long. The carapace is yellowish with dark rings around the spider's eyes. The abdomen is brown with an indistinct pattern of spots and lines. The legs are generally brown. The copulatory organs are distinctive. The male has a projection, or apophysis, from the palpal tibia that has a series of tooth-like features, and a very short embolus that is attached to another very small apophysis. The female has multi-chambered spermathecae and distinctive accessory glands.
Evarcha bakorensis is a species of jumping spider in the genus Evarcha that lives in Guinea, Ivory Coast and Nigeria. It thrives in savanna grasslands. The species was first described in 2002 by Christine Rollard and Wanda Wesołowska. The spider is small, with a cephalothorax measuring between 1.6 and 1.8 mm long and an abdomen that is between 1.3 and 1.9 mm long. The female is larger than the male. The cephalothorax has a light brown topside, or carapace, yellow underside, or sternum, and darker sides. The abdomen is greyish-brown or brown and has a lighter pattern on it. The spider has generally brown legs. It has distinctive copulatory organs. The female has a large membrane in the centre of its epigyne while the male has a straight and blunt tibial apophysis, or projection on its palpal tibia.
Evarcha striolata is a species of jumping spider in the genus Evarcha that lives in South Africa. The species was first described in 2009 by Wanda Wesołowska and Charles Haddad. The spider lives in savanna and forests. Medium-sized, the spider has a dark orange or yellowish-orange carapace, the top side of its cephalothorax, measuring between 2.1 and 2.6 mm in length and an abdomen that is between 2 and 2.5 mm long. The male has a pattern of dark stripes on the top of its abdomen, which is recalled in the species name. The female is generally lighter and has indistinct lines formed of dots on both the top and bottom of its abdomen. The underside of cephalothorax, or sternum, is dark yellow in both the female and male. It can be distinguished from other species in the genus by its copulatory organs, particularly the shape of the male's palpal bulb and the female spermathecae. These are also more similar to Asian and Australian spiders in the genus, which has led Jerzy Prószyński to suggest that it should be a member of a different genus named Evacin.
Evarcha karas is a species of jumping spider in the genus Evarcha that was first described in 2011 by Wanda Wesołowska. Originally only found in Namibia, it has also been discovered living in South Africa. It is a ground-dwelling spider that mainly lives in dry Nama Karoo shrublands. Only the male has been described. It is small, with an oval dark brown to black cephalothorax and a thinner ovoid abdomen that are each between 2.2 and 2.6 mm in length. The abdomen has thin white stripes along its middle and sides, which helps differentiate it from the related Evarcha flagellaris that also lives in the same area of the world. It can also be distinguished by its copulatory organs, including the long spike on its palpal tibia, or tibial apophysis, that has a tip with two points, and its very long thin embolus.
Evarcha idanrensis is a species of jumping spider in the genus Evarcha that lives in Nigeria. It is named after Idanre Hill in Ondo State, where it was first found. The species was first described in 2011 by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith. The spider is hard to distinguish from other spiders in the genus. It has a cephalothorax measuring between 2.1 and 2.5 mm long and an abdomen between 2.2 and 3.5 mm long. It has a yellow carapace with a black eye field and light brown legs. The abdomen is brownish-grey with an indistinct pattern on its back. Apart from the size of the epigyne, the female's copulatory organs are similar to other members of the genus. The male has not been described.
Evarcha arabica is a species of jumping spider in the genus Evarcha that lives in Yemen. The species was first described in 2007 by Wanda Wesołowska and Antonius van Harten. The spider is small, with a carapace that measures between 2.1 and 2.7 mm long and an abdomen that is between 1.8 and 3.2 mm long. The female is generally larger and lighter than the male. The spider's eye field is darker. The top of the male abdomen is blackish-brown with a pattern of white dots and a large yellowish-orange belt. The top of the female abdomen has similar white dots but is mainly yellow with small darker dots. The male's legs are brown and yellow while the female's are orange to yellow. It has distinctive copulatory organs. The female has accessory glands near the copulatory openings and simple bean-like spermathecae. The male has a thin embolus and a tibial apophysis that has a forked tip.
Evarcha seyun is a species of jumping spider in the genus Evarcha that is endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. It seems to be common across many of the Emirates of the United Arab Emirates and the Al Mahrah and Hadramaut Governorates of Yemen. The species was first described in 2007 by Wanda Wesołowska and Antonius van Harten. The spider is small, with a cephalothorax that measures between 2.2 and 2.6 mm long and an abdomen that is between 2 and 2.7 mm long. The female is hairier than the male. The female spider is generally brown with a darker eye field, while the male is dark brown with a black eye field. Both have legs that are black, orange and yellow. They can be distinguished from the closely-related Evarcha praeclara by the patterns on their body, including a semi-lunar marking in the middle of its carapace and a light stripe on its abdomen. The species also has distinctive copulatory organs. The female has a characteristic depression in the middle of its epigyne and narrow insemination ducts that lead to complex spermathecae. The male has a spade-like apophysis that accompanies its embolus and a short blunt tibial apophysis.
Evarcha prosimilis is a species of jumping spider that lives in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe. It is ground-dwelling spider, thriving in leaf litter, but has also been observed living on the walls of houses and on grassy tussocks. More commonly found between November and April, the spider builds a nest of tightly-woven silk and will hunt flies and spiders, some of which are larger than itself. It is a small spider, with a carapace that ranges in length between 2.1 and 2.4 mm and an abdomen that is between 1.7 and 3.2 mm long. The female has a larger abdomen than the male and has a mottled pattern on its top consisting of whitish and brown patches or greyish-brown patches on a yellowish background. The species was first described in 2008 by Wanda Wesołowska and Meg Cumming, although examples had been found as early as 1938.
Evarcha praeclara is a species of jumping spider in the genus Evarcha that lives in Iran, Israel, South Sudan, Sudan, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen. The first examples of the spider were first identified by Eugène Simon in the early twentieth century in what is now Southern Sudan, but it was not until 2003 that the species was formally described by Jerzy Prószyński and Wanda Wesołowska. The exact nature of the species is disputed, with Prószyński stating that the examples found may be a group of species rather than a single one. Those that have been described are small, with a carapace that is between 2.1 and 2.4 mm long and an ovoid abdomen that measures between 1.7 and 3.2 mm long. The female is generally larger than the male. They have a brown or dark brown carapace, the female being plain while the male having a pattern of creamy white spots. The pattern on the top of the abdomen varies, with some spiders having lighter patches on a russet background and others being brown and white. They are all hairy. The spiders have generally brown mouthparts. The spiders' copulatory organs are distinctive and help distinguish the species from others in the genus. The female has an unusual trapezoid-shaped depression in its epigyne. The male has a broad embolus that has a tip that hugs a very distinctive protrusion, or apophysis.
The Opathe Tanzania Jumping Spider is a species of jumping spider in the genus Tanzania. Endemic to South Africa, the species lives in the mountains of KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo. It is a very small spider, with a cephalothorax that measures between 0.7 and 0.9 mm long and a abdomen that is between0.6 and 1.1 mm long. It is its small size that is the source of its specific name, which is a Latin word that can be translated 'very small'. The male is smaller than the female. Its abdomen is marked by a striped pattern of three brown stripes on a yellowish-orange background. It is otherwise generally light brown apart from its blackish eye field. It has distinctive copulatory organs. The male has a small embolus that loops out of the top of the oval palpal bulb and is accompanied by a small spider. The female has a large epigyne and spherical spermathecae at the end of its short seminal ducts.
The Table Mountain Tanzania Jumping Spider is a species of jumping spider in the genus Tanzania. Endemic to South Africa, the species lives in Cape Town. It is a very small spider, with a cephalothorax that measures typically 0.9 mm (0.04 in) long and a abdomen that is between 0.8 and 1.3 mm long, only slightly larger than the related Opathe Tanzania Jumping Spider. The female is larger than the male. The abdomen is marked by a striped pattern of three brown stripes on a yellow background that is the source of its specific name, which is a Latin word that can be translated 'striped'. It is otherwise generally yellow apart from its black eye field. It has distinctive copulatory organs. The male has a short wide embolus that corkscrews out of the top of the oval palpal bulb and ends in a forked tip. The female has a large epigyne and oval spermathecae at the end of short seminal ducts.
Evarcha denticulata is a species of jumping spider in the genus Evarcha that is endemic to South Africa. It is ground-dwelling spider, thriving in the fynbos found in the Eastern Cape. The spider is small, with a rounded cephalothorax that is usually between 2.1 and 2.5 mm long and an ovoid abdomen that is between 1.8 and 3.4 mm long. The female has a larger abdomen than the male. It is also lighter, with a pattern of grey patches visible on its yellow background. The male is generally blackish-brown. Both have three lines of white hairs on the spider's cheeks. The male Evarcha denticulata has a distinctive tooth on the spike, or apophysis, that emanates from its palpal tibia, which is recalled in the specific name. The species was first described in 2013 by Wanda Wesołowska and Charles Hadded.
Phintella occidentalis is a species of jumping spider in the subfamily Salticinae that lives in Ivory Coast. First described by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith in 2022, the species is named after the Latin word for western as it is found in West Africa. The spider is small, with a cephalothorax between 2.3 and 2.8 mm long and an abdomen that is between 3.1 and 3.5 mm long. The female is smaller than the male. The carapace is brown, the female light and the male dark. The abdomen is yellow and is marked by two wide brown stripes on the female and a grey streak on the male. It is the abdominal pattern that most clearly distinguishes the species from others in the genus. The copulatory organs are also different. The male has a longer tibial apophysis, or appendage and the female has seminal ducts that diverge and then converge.
Phintella globosa is a species of jumping spider in the genus Phintella that lives in Ivory Coast. First described by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith in 2022, the spider is small, with a cephalothorax typically 2.1 mm (0.083 in) long and an abdomen 2.0 mm (0.079 in) long. Only the female has been described. The carapace is dark brown and the abdomen yellow. Although similar to the related Phintella lucida, the copulatory organs are distinctive. The spermathecae are particularly large and spherical, which is recalled in the species name.
Phintella brevis is a species of jumping spider in the genus Phintella that lives in Ivory Coast. First described by Wanda Wesołowska and Anthony Russell-Smith in 2022, the spider is small, with a cephalothorax between 2.0 and 2.1 mm long and an abdomen between 1.9 and 2.0 mm long. Only the female has been described. The carapace is brown and the abdomen yellow. Although similar to the related Phintella lucida, the copulatory organs are distinctive, particular the tip of the spike on the tibia, the tibial apophysis.