Thaxterogaster purpurascens

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Thaxterogaster purpurascens
Cortinarius purpurascens 65102.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Cortinariaceae
Genus: Thaxterogaster
Species:
T. purpurascens
Binomial name
Thaxterogaster purpurascens
(Fr.) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022)
Synonyms [1]

Agaricus purpurascens Fr. (1818)
Cortinarius purpurascensFr. (1838)
Cortinarius purpurascens var. largusoides Cetto (1991)
Phlegmacium purpurascens Ricken (1915)

Contents

Cortinarius purpurascens
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.pnggills on hymenium
Convex cap icon.svg cap is convex
Emarginate gills icon2.svg hymenium is emarginate
Bare stipe icon.svg stipe is bare
Transparent spore print icon.svg
spore print is brown
Mycorrhizal fungus.svgecology is mycorrhizal
Mycomorphbox Edible.pngedibility: edible

Thaxterogaster purpurascens is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. [2] It is commonly known as the bruising webcap. [3] [4]

Taxonomy

The species was first described as Agaricus purpurascens by Elias Magnus Fries in 1818. [5] In 1838 Fries reclassified it as Cortinarius pluvius. [6] [7]

The species was also placed in the segregate genus Phlegmacium by Aldabert Ricken as P. purpurascens. [1]

In 2022 the species was transferred from Cortinarius and reclassified as Thaxterogaster purpurascens based on genomic data. [8] This study also reclassified three of the variants of this species and transferred them to the distinct species: Thaxterogaster eumarginatus , Thaxterogaster occidentalis and Thaxterogaster subpurpurascens. [2]

Description

The sticky caps may range in color from brownish to grayish blue. Cortinarius purpurascens 65100.jpg
The sticky caps may range in color from brownish to grayish blue.

The cap is 3–10 cm (1.2–3.9 in) in diameter, initially convex before flattening out somewhat. The margin is rolled inward, and viscid, cuticle which is often slightly spotted, smooth and with small fugacious viscid concolorous flocci. The color varies from dirty brownish or brownish-rust to ocher or grayish bluish in the center. The margin is fibrillose (covered with roughly parallel threadlike filaments), then smooth, with a violet or reddish-violet to grayish-brown tinge, then concolorous with the center of the cap. The gills are thin and crowded closely together, broadly emarginate (notched), dark violet when young, with edges often slightly denticulate (finely toothed). The tinge and intensity of the violet coloring is similar to that of the wood blewitt ( Rhodopaxillus nudus ). The stem is solid, vivid violet paling to violet purple or violet brown, with a distinctly marginate bulb 3–4 cm (1.2–1.6 in) wide, otherwise almost cylindrical towards the base. The cortina (a cobweb-like partial veil consisting of silky fibrils) is violet. The flesh is violet lilac or violet, paling slightly when mature, and with a weak, unpleasant smell and mild taste. When cut or broken it turns purple, like the gills. It is an edible mushroom of medium quality. [9]

The spores are ellipsoid, slightly almond-shaped, verrucose, and measure 9–10 by 4.8–6 μm. The basidia (the spore-bearing cells) are 30–35 by 7–9  μm. On the edge of the gills there are thin-walled irregularly bottle-shaped cheilocystidia, which protrude 20–30 μm. The spore deposit is brownish rust to light brown. [9]

Distribution and habitat

The fruit bodies of Thaxterogaster purpurascens grow in groups in coniferous forests, mainly on more acid soils and are quite rare. It is distributed throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, [9] and has been collected from Europe and North America. [10]

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Cortinarius mucosus</i> Species of mushroom

Cortinarius mucosus, commonly known as the orange webcap or the slimy cortinarius, is a species of mushroom in the family Cortinariaceae. In North America, the species is more commonly associated with northern coniferous forests. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word mucosus, meaning mucus.

<i>Cortinarius triumphans</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius triumphans, also known as the birch webcap, or yellow girdled webcap is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius found in Europe. It is regarded as edible by some authorities, although others call it suspect and it resembles inedible species.

<i>Cortinarius rotundisporus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius rotundisporus, also known as the elegant blue webcap, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius found in southern Australia, where it is found in eucalypt forests and rainforests. The cap of the fruit body is a steely blue colour, with a yellowish boss, and paler similarly coloured stipe.

<i>Cortinarius violaceus</i> Species of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae native to the Northern Hemisphere

Cortinarius violaceus, commonly known as the violet webcap or violet cort, is a fungus in the webcap genus Cortinarius native across the Northern Hemisphere. The fruit bodies are dark purple mushrooms with caps up to 15 cm (6 in) across, sporting gills underneath. The stalk measures 6 to 12 centimetres by 1 to 2 cm, sometimes with a thicker base. The dark flesh has a smell reminiscent of cedar wood. Forming symbiotic (ectomycorrhizal) relationships with the roots of various plant species, C. violaceus is found predominantly in conifer forests in North America and deciduous forests in Europe.

<i>Mycena galericulata</i> Species of fungus

Mycena galericulata is a mushroom species commonly known as the common bonnet, the toque mycena, the common mycena or the rosy-gill fairy helmet. The type species of the genus Mycena was first described scientifically in 1772, but was not considered a Mycena until 1821. It is quite variable in color, size, and shape, which makes it somewhat difficult to reliably identify in the field. The mushrooms have caps with distinct radial grooves, particularly at the margin. The cap's color varies from grayish brown to dark brown and the shape ranges from bell-like to bluntly conical to flattened with an umbo. The stem is hollow, white, tough and thin, without a ring and often roots deeply into the wood on which it grows. The gills are white to grayish or even pinkish when mature and are connected by distinct cross-veins. The caps can reach 4 cm (1.6 in) in diameter, and have a mealy odor and taste. The spore print is white and the gills are pink at maturity, which can lead to possible confusion with species of the genus Pluteus. M. galericulata mushrooms grow mostly in clusters on the well-decayed stumps of deciduous and coniferous trees from spring to autumn. The species can generally be considered inedible. It is common and widespread in the entire temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, but it has also been reported from Africa.

<i>Cortinarius armillatus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius armillatus, commonly known as the red-banded cortinarius, is a late summer and autumn fungus usually found in moist coniferous forests, especially spruced ones. The species grows rarely in North America, but is common in Europe.

<i>Cortinarius varius</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius varius, also known as the contrary webcap, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius. The mushroom has orangish-yellow caps that reach up to 10 cm (3.9 in) in diameter, and thick club-shaped stems up to 10 cm (3.9 in) long.

<i>Cortinarius traganus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius traganus, also known as the gassy webcap, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius. The mushrooms are characterized by their lilac color, the rusty-brown gills and spores, and rusty-brown flesh in the stem.

<i>Cortinarius infractus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius infractus, commonly known as the sooty-olive Cortinarius or the bitter webcap, is an inedible basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius. The fungus produces sooty-olive fruit bodies with sticky caps measuring up to 13 cm (5.1 in) in diameter. The fruit bodies contains alkaloids that inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.

<i>Cortinarius hemitrichus</i> Species of mushroom

Cortinarius hemitrichus, also known as the frosty webcap, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius. Young mushrooms are characterized by their brown cone-shaped caps covered with dense white fibrils.

<i>Cortinarius delibutus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius delibutus, also known as the bluegill webcap or the yellow webcap, is a basidiomycete fungus of the genus Cortinarius. The fruit bodies are medium-sized, with shiny yellow caps on a sticky, yellow-banded club-shaped stem. The mushroom is found in Europe and North America, usually near birch or beech trees.

<i>Cortinarius cinnamomeus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius cinnamomeus, also known as the cinnamon webcap, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius. The fungus produces brown fruit bodies with caps up to 6 cm (2.4 in) wide and stems up to 12 cm (4.7 in) long. The closely crowded gills underside the cap are initially yellow before turning brown. Cortinarius cinnamomeus is common in damp places in coniferous forests. It is distributed throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.

<i>Cortinarius anomalus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius anomalus, also known as the variable webcap, is a basidiomycete fungus of the genus Cortinarius. It produces a medium-sized mushroom with a grayish-brown cap up to 5 cm (2 in) wide, gray-violet gills and a whitish stem with pale yellow belts below. The mushroom grows solitarily or in scattered groups on the ground in deciduous and coniferous forests. It is found throughout the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere.

<i>Cortinarius praestans</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius praestans, also known as the goliath webcap, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Cortinarius. The mushroom has orangish-yellow caps that reach up to 20 cm (7.9 in) in diameter, and thick club-shaped stipes up to 15 cm (5.9 in) long. The edible mushroom is found in Europe.

<i>Cortinarius vanduzerensis</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius vanduzerensis is a species of mushroom in the family Cortinariaceae. Described as new to science in 1972, it is known only from the Pacific Northwest region of North America, where it grows under conifers such as spruce, hemlock, and Douglas-fir. The fruit bodies of the fungus, or mushrooms, have a slimy dark chestnut-brown cap that becomes deeply radially grooved or corrugated in maturity, and reaches diameters of up to 8 cm. The gills on the underside of the cap are initially pinkish-buff before becoming pale brown when the spores mature. The stem is lavender, measuring 10–18 cm (4–7 in) long and 1–2 cm thick. The mushroom produces a rusty-brown spore print, with individual spores measuring 12–14 by 7–8 micrometers. The edibility of the mushroom has not been determined, and it has been described as "much too slippery to be of value".

<i>Cortinarius camphoratus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius camphoratus, commonly known as the goatcheese webcap, is an agaric fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. The fungus is found in Europe and North America, where its fruit bodies (mushrooms) grow on the ground in a mycorrhizal association with spruce and firs in coniferous forests. Mushrooms are characterized by pale blue lilac colors when young, and a strong distinctive odor. Sources disagree as to the edibility of the mushroom, but they are generally not recommended for eating.

<i>Cortinarius iodes</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius iodes, commonly known as the spotted cort or the viscid violet cort, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. The fruit bodies have small, slimy, purple caps up to 6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter that develop yellowish spots and streaks in maturity. The gill color changes from violet to rusty or grayish brown as the mushroom matures. The species range includes eastern North America, Central America, northern South America, and northern Asia, where it grows on the ground in a mycorrhizal association with deciduous trees. The mushroom is not recommended for consumption. Cortinarius iodeoides, one of several potential lookalike species, can be distinguished from C. iodes by its bitter-tasting cap cuticle.

<i>Austrocortinarius australiensis</i> Species of fungus

Austrocortinarius australiensis, commonly known as the skirt webcap, is a species of mushroom in the family Cortinariaceae which is native to Australia and New Zealand. The white mushrooms appear in autumn and can grow very large, with their caps reaching 30 cm (12 in) in diameter.

<i>Cortinarius metallicus</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius metallicus, originally described as Rozites metallica and commonly known as the steel blue rozites, is a species of mushroom native to Australia.

<i>Cortinarius evernius</i> Species of fungus

Cortinarius evernius is an inedible fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Cortinarius evernius is grayish brown or grayish purple. The cap is convex and it has remnants of the membrane. The stipe is grayish purple and it has remnants of the membrane in a zig-zag pattern. The gills are greyish purple in the beginning, then brownish. The mushroom grows in coniferous forests for example near swamps.

References

  1. 1 2 "Cortinarius purpurascens Fr". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
  2. 1 2 "Species Fungorum - Thaxterogaster purpurascens (Fr.) Niskanen & Liimat". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
  3. "Cortinarius purpurascens, Bruising Webcap mushroom". www.first-nature.com. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
  4. "English names for fungi - April 2022". www.britmycolsoc.org.uk. The British Mycological Society. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
  5. Fries, Elias (1818). Observationes mycologicae. Vol. 2. Havniae: sumptibus G. Bonnieri. p. 70.
  6. Fries, Elias Magnus (1838). "Epicrisis Systematis mycologici". bibdigital.rjb.csic.es. p. 265. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
  7. Fries EM. (1838). Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici (in Latin). Uppsala: Typographia Academica. p. 265. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
  8. Liimatainen, Kare; Kim, Jan T.; Pokorny, Lisa; Kirk, Paul M.; Dentinger, Bryn; Niskanen, Tuula (2022-01-01). "Taming the beast: a revised classification of Cortinariaceae based on genomic data". Fungal Diversity. 112 (1): 89–170. doi:10.1007/s13225-022-00499-9. ISSN   1878-9129.
  9. 1 2 3 Pilat Á, Ušák O. (1961). Mushrooms and other Fungi. London: Peter Nevill. p. 89.
  10. Phillips R. "Cortinarius purpurascens". Rogers Mushrooms. Archived from the original on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2010-08-24.