The Myth of Disenchantment

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The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences
The Myth of Disenchantment.jpg
First edition
Author Jason Josephson Storm
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Subject
Publisher University of Chicago Press
Publication date
2017
Media typePrint
Pages400
ISBN 9780226403229

The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences is a 2017 book by Jason Josephson Storm, professor of religion at Williams College. The book challenges mainstream sociological conceptions of disenchantment on both empirical and theoretical grounds. In making this argument, The Myth of Disenchantment uses intellectual historical methods to reinterpret several theorists of disenchantment, including James George Frazer, Max Weber, and the Frankfurt School.

Contents

The Myth of Disenchantment received largely positive reviews in academic journals, and scholars in a variety of subfields of religious studies have drawn on its arguments. The book also attracted interest in semi-popular and amateur venues, with Storm discussing some of its central arguments in web articles and podcasts.

Background

In graduate school, Storm received training in continental philosophy and critical theory, traditions that are cited and discussed in The Myth of Disenchantment. [1] Storm's earlier work, including his 2012 book The Invention of Religion in Japan , extensively discussed questions of theory in religious studies and European intellectual history, especially in the early modern period.

According to the book's preface, Storm decided to write the book partly to challenge Eurocentric accounts of disenchantment that saw Europe as fundamentally different from other cultures because it was uniquely disenchanted. [2] : xi–xii 

Storm published academic articles anticipating some of the main arguments of The Myth of Disenchantment in J19 and History of Religions . [3] [4]

Synopsis

The first chapter of the book presents empirical and statistical data arguing that a widespread loss of belief in magic has not occurred in the Western world. Storm notes that disenchantment is not correlated with secularization and belief in some form of magic or the paranormal persists across most religious, educational, and age divisions. [2] : ch. 1  Storm argues that these data challenge theoretical attempts to rigidly distinguish the course of European history from the history of other regions. [2] : 16–18 

The subsequent chapters challenge commonplace narratives about disenchantment in intellectual history. Storm argues that formative thinkers of the Scientific Revolution including Isaac Newton, Francis Bacon, and Giordano Bruno did not see their projects as disenchanted. [2] : ch. 2 

In the book's third chapter, Storm examines the roots of the myth of disenchantment in German Romanticism. Storm argues that figures such as Friedrich Schiller described disenchantment in mythic terms and traces the origin of concerns about disenchantment to the Pantheism controversy. [2] : ch. 3  [5] Moreover, figures such as Friedrich Hölderlin actually anticipated a form of re-enchantment. [2] : 87–89 

Storm goes on to examine the connections between Spiritualism, the Theosophical Society, and early 20th-century scholarship on religion. He notes the parallels between Max Müller's research and Éliphas Lévi's magical treatment of the history of religions, as well as Müller's interest in Hermeticism. [2] : 101–115  He also shows the connections between linguistics, scholarship on religion, and the ideas of Helena Blavatsky. [2] : 115–120 

The book explores the relationship between other modern philosophers and contemporary belief in magic, including Kant's Dreams of a Spirit-Seer and Sigmund Freud's interest in telepathy. [2] : 185–187  [6] Storm discusses James George Frazer's similarities to Neoplatonism and the influence of Frazer's project upon Aleister Crowley, suggesting Frazer's account of magic was not fully disenchanted. [2] : 146–7, ch. 6  In the chapter on Frazer, Storm also notes that narratives of the decline of magic have parallels in folklore that describes the departure of fairies. [5] [7]

The final body chapter of the book offers a new interpretation of Max Weber and his theories of rationalization and disenchantment. Storm notes Weber's interest in mysticism and familiarity with modern esoteric movements through his presence at the Monte Verità community. [8] [2] : 274–276  In light of Weber's familiarity with modern occultism, Storm suggests that his conception of disenchantment in fact refers to magic's sequesterization, rationalization, and professionalization, not its disappearance. [2] : 299–300 

In addition to exposing disenchantment as a "myth" in the sense of a false narrative, The Myth of Disenchantment argues that disenchantment has come to function as a "regulative ideal," which leads people to disavow belief in magic and act as though Western society is disenchanted even though disenchantment has not come to pass. [9]

Popularization

While written primarily for an academic audience, The Myth of Disenchantment has also been discussed in semi-popular, popular, and amateur venues. Storm published web articles summarizing arguments from the book in aeon.co, The Immanent Frame, and The New Atlantis . [10] [11] [12]

Storm also discussed the book in interviews with magazines, websites, and podcasts, some of which were aimed at a general audience. These included interviews with the magazine Dreamflesh, [9] with the Marginalia podcast for the Los Angeles Review of Books, [13] and with the Oregon Humanities Center at the University of Oregon. [14]

Reception

Reviews

The Myth of Disenchantment has been favorably reviewed in several academic publications, including Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft , [6] Fides et Historia , [15] the Journal of the American Academy of Religion , [16] and Philosophy in Review . [17]

Writing in History of Religions , Hugh Urban called The Myth of Disenchantment "a powerful book that forces us to rethink many of our basic assumptions in the modern history of ideas", although he argued that Storm could have more closely examined the relationship between modern enchantment and capitalism. [8]

In a review aimed at more general audiences for the magazine First Things , Peter J. Leithart praised the book and discussed some of its relevance for Christian readers, even though the book was written without a specific religious audience in mind. [5]

Scholarship drawing on The Myth of Disenchantment

A 2019 doctoral dissertation has engaged extensively with the arguments in The Myth of Disenchantment, recognizing their significance but seeking to more deeply examine the connection between enchantment and European colonialism. [18] A 2018 dissertation on secularization also drew on the distinction between secularization and disenchantment articulated in The Myth of Disenchantment. [19] : 249 

Matthew Melvin-Koushki, a scholar of Islam and Islamic occultism, has cited The Myth of Disenchantment to challenge orientalizing accounts of magic in the Islamic world. [20] : 238–239 

The Christian theologian Alister McGrath has also drawn on the arguments in The Myth of Disenchantment. [21]

Related Research Articles

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In social science, disenchantment is the cultural rationalization and devaluation of religion apparent in modern society. The term was borrowed from Friedrich Schiller by Max Weber to describe the character of a modernized, bureaucratic, secularized Western society. In Western society, according to Weber, scientific understanding is more highly valued than belief, and processes are oriented toward rational goals, as opposed to traditional society, in which "the world remains a great enchanted garden".

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Jason Ānanda Josephson Storm is an American academic, philosopher, social scientist, and author. He is currently Professor in the Department of Religion and chair in Science and Technology Studies at Williams College. He also holds affiliated positions in Asian studies and Comparative Literature at Williams College. Storm's research focuses on Japanese religions, European intellectual history from 1600 to the present, and theory in religious studies. His more recent work has discussed disenchantment and philosophy of social science.

The Procès des sorciers de Lyon was a witch trial which took place in Lyon in France between 1742 and 1745. It was the last big witch trial in France and likely the last to result in death sentences. 14 people, mainly men, were charged with having made a pact with Satan and of using witchcraft to find hidden treasures. The trial resulted in three death sentences and three men being condemned to the galleys.

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References

  1. ↑ "Jason Josephson Storm". williams.edu.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Josephson Storm, Jason (2017). The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN   978-0-226-40336-6.
  3. ↑ Josephson, Jason Ānanda (Spring 2015). "Specters of Reason: Kantian Things and the Fragile Terrors of Philosophy". J19: The Journal of Nineteenth-Century Americanists. 3 (1): 204–211. doi:10.1353/jnc.2015.0011. S2CID   159590336.
  4. ↑ Josephson, Jason Ānanda (2013). "God's Shadow: Occluded Possibilities in the Genealogy of "Religion"". History of Religions. 52 (4): 309–339. doi:10.1086/669644. S2CID   170485577.
  5. 1 2 3 Leithart, Peter J. (May 4, 2018). "Myth of Disenchantment". First Things. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
  6. 1 2 Bindell, S.M. Mendell (Spring 2018). "The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences by Jason Ā. Josephson-Storm (review)". Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft. 13 (1): 120–125. doi:10.1353/mrw.2018.0004. S2CID   201762251.
  7. ↑ Asprem, Emil (October 19, 2018). "Dialectics of Darkness". Inference: International Review of Science. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  8. 1 2 Urban, Hugh (August 2019). "Review of The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences. By Jason Ā. Josephson-Storm". History of Religions. 59 (1): 78–9. doi:10.1086/703523. S2CID   202363028 . Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  9. 1 2 Gyrus (February 2018). "Myth & Disenchantment: An interview with Jason Ā. Josephson-Storm". Dreamflesh. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  10. ↑ Josephson Storm, Jason (June 25, 2019). "Against Disenchantment". aeon. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  11. ↑ Josephson Storm, Jason (May 23, 2017). "The Myth of Disenchantment: An Introduction". The Immanent Frame. SSRC. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  12. ↑ Josephson-Storm, Jason Ā. (Summer–Fall 2018). "Why Do We Think We Are Disenchanted?". The New Atlantis. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  13. ↑ Kristian Petersen (June 23, 2015). "Directions in the Study of Religion: Jason Ānanda Josephson". marginalia.lareviewofbooks.org (Podcast). Los Angeles Review of Books. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  14. ↑ Paul Peppis (May 9, 2018). "UO Today with Jason Josephson-Storm" (Podcast). Oregon Humanities Center. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  15. ↑ Larsen, Timothy (Fall 2019). "Featured Review:The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences". Fides et Historia. 51 (2): 168–170.
  16. ↑ Heyes, Michael E. (July 27, 2018). "The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences. By Jason A. Josephson-Storm". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 86 (4): 1158–1161. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfy035 . Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  17. ↑ Vanhoutte, Kristof K.P. (November 2018). "Jason Ᾱ. Josephson-Storm. The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences. University of Chicago Press 2017. 400 pp. $96.00 USD (Hardcover ISBN 9780226403229); $32.00 USD (Paperback ISBN 9780226403366)". Philosophy in Review. 28 (4): 138–141. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
  18. ↑ Becker, Martin Stephan (2019). The Disenchantment of the World and Ontological Wonder (PhD). UC Santa Barbara.
  19. ↑ Ceriello, Linda C. (2018). Metamodern Mysticisms: Narrative Encounters with Contemporary Western Secular Spiritualities (PhD). Rice University. hdl:1911/103873.
  20. ↑ Melvin-Koushki, Matthew (April 23, 2018). "Taḥqīq vs. Taqlīd in the Renaissances of Western Early Modernity". Philological Encounters. 3 (1–2): 193–249. doi:10.1163/24519197-12340041.
  21. ↑ McGrath, Alister E. (December 13, 2018). The Territories of Human Reason: Science and Theology in an Age of Multiple Rationalities. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 86. ISBN   9780192542496.
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